3. “Mark Twain Lost,” Oakland News, 10 April 1868, 3; Fatout, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit, 88–89; San Francisco Times, 15 April 1868, 2; “Mark Twain’s Lecture,” SFAC, 15 April 1868, 1; “Mark Twain’s Lecture Repeated,” SFAC, 16 April 1868, 1; “Mark Twain’s Lecture,” SFB, 15 April 1868, 3; “Mark Twain,” San Francisco Weekly Mercury, 19 April 1868, 5; “Sickening,” Marin County (Calif.) Journal, 18 April 1868, 2; “San Francisco Correspondence,” Honolulu Pacific Commercial Advertiser, 9 May 1868, 3; MTL, 2:212, 2:221; “Mark Twain at Church,” Carson (Nev.) Appeal, 27 May 1868, 2.
4. SLC may also have known Eadweard Muybridge through the gallery, where he once worked. Certainly SLC was familiar with Muybridge’s motion studies later (MTCI, 391).
5. “Scenes in Honolulu,” SU, 1 August 1866, 1; MTL, 2:212; “Mark Twain’s Lecture,” Reese River Reveille, 24 April 1868, 3; Mark Twain Speaking, 24; “Mark Twain’s Lecture,” SU, 18 April 1868, 3.
6. Doten, Journals of Alfred Doten, 996; “A Neat and Appropriate Present, VCTE, 29 April 1868, 3; “Letter from Mark Twain,” Chicago Republican, 31 May 1868, 2; Goldman, Gold Diggers and Silver Miners, 88, 114; “Topics of the Day,” Carson (Nev.) Appeal, 26 May 1867, 2. This comment is the only extant evidence that SLC was not present at the lynching of Glascock’s Ben near Hannibal in 1849.
7. “Letter from Mark Twain,” Chicago Republican, 31 May 1868, 2; Goldman, Gold Diggers and Silver Miners, 114.
8. Doten, Journals of Alfred Doten, 996; Lorch, “A Note on Mark Twain’s Lecture on the Far West,” American Literature 24 (November 1952), 377–79; “Letter from Mark Twain,” Chicago Republican, 19 May 1868, 2, and Chicago Republican, 31 May 1868, 2; MTL, 2:215.
9. MTL, 2:153; MTCI, 275. See also AMT, 1:228: “I worked every night from eleven or twelve until broad day in the morning, and as I did 200,000 words in sixty days, the average was more than 3000 words a day.”
10. MTL, 2:216–17, 2:232, 4:248; Brooks, “Mark Twain in California,” 99.
11. MTL, 2:119, 2:184, 2:191; TIA, 46, 117, 165, 246; IA, 261, 364; Pettit, “Mark Twain and the Negro, 1867–1869,” 91.
12. Ganzel, Mark Twain Abroad, 110–11, 158–62; Ganzel, “Samuel Clemens, Guidebooks, and Innocents Abroad,” 83, 85; Regan, “Mark Twain, ‘The Doctor,’ and a Guidebook by Dickens,” 35–55; MTCI, 63; Gribben, Mark Twain’s Library, 301; N&J, 1:434; IA, 532, 536; Woodhouse, “Rough Compassion and Self-Restraint,” 70–77; Melton, Mark Twain, Travel Books, and Tourism, 40; “From San Francisco,” Reese River Reveille, 8 June 1868, 2.
13. MTL, 3:169, 3:176.
14. MTL, 2:232–35; Fatout, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit, 96; “Mark Twain’s Lecture Last Night,” SFAC, 3 July 1868, 1; “Mark Twain on the Rampage,” Honolulu Hawaiian Gazette, 29 July 1868, 1.
15. N&J, 1:497; “Letter from Mark Twain,” Chicago Republican, 23 August 1868, 2; AMT, 2:192–93; “Appeal for Capt. Ned Wakeman,” SFAC, 14 December 1872, 1; Vernon Seaman to SLC, 12 February 1874, UCLC 31846; Wakeman to SLC, 12 February 1874, UCLC 31978.
Chapter 17
1. Skandera-Trombley, Mark Twain in the Company of Women, 69.
2. MTL, 2:133–34.
3. Mark Twain Speaking, 24; MTL, 2:162, 2:240, 2:249, 3:118, 3:137; SLC to Elisha Bliss, 25 August 1868, UCCL 12727. In his autobiography SLC also refers to Livy’s “grave” demeanor (AMT, 1:320). He often addressed her with diminutive pet names, as if to infantilize her: “little angel,” “little mentor,” “little martyr,” “little goose,” “little darling,” and “little flower” (MTL, 2:304, 2:354, 3:126, 3:136, 3:249, 3:317).
4. MTL, 3:85; Olivia Langdon to Mary Mason Fairbanks, 4 September 1868, UCLC 48349.
5. MTL, 2:247–49, 352; Clemens, Papa: An Intimate Biography, 114. While all but one of her letters to him during their courtship are lost, SLC correspondingly averred that Livy’s were “the darlingest funniest love letters that ever were written” (MTL, 2:332).
6. MTL, 2:251; “‘Mark Twain’ in New York,” SFAC, 5 April 1867, 1; “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 15 November 1868, 1.
7. MTL, 2:252, 2:295, 2:316, 3:254. The “Comforter” is one of the roles of the Holy Spirit in the Gospel of John.
8. MTL, 2:250, 2:251–52, 2:257, 2:266; AMT, 1:357–38; Paine, Mark Twain: A Biography, 368, 410.
9. Emily Dickinson, “I Cannot Live with You,” in Poems by Emily Dickinson, 90; Wecter, “Introduction” to Love Letters, 10–11; MTL, 2:270.
10. MTL, 3:57; AMT, 3:3–4; Collected Tales, 1:292.
11. Courtney, Joseph Hopkins Twichell, 125; MTL, 2:267–68, 2:271, 2:281; Twichell, “Mark Twain,” 826.
12. MTL, 2:203, 3:43, 4:76; Lorch, The Trouble Begins at Eight, 88; “Letter from Mark Twain,” SFAC, 25 July 1859, 1.
13. “Personal,” New York Evening Post, 22 December 1884, 2; “Library Association—Lecture of ‘Mark Twain,’” Cleveland Herald, 18 November 1868, 3; “Mark Twain,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, 18 November 1868, 3; MTL, 2:280, 282–83; “Mark Twain,” Chicago Republican, 8 January 1869, 4; IA, 175; Hirst, “The Making of The Innocents Abroad,” 177–78; Beauchamp, “The American Vandal in Italy,” 74; Fields, Memories of a Hostess, 111. See also “Mark Twain’s Lecture,” New Haven Morning Journal and Courier and Palladium, 28 December 1869, 2; and “Mercantile Library Lectures,” Portland (Maine) Transcript, 1 January 1870, 317.
14. MTL, 2:284, 2:286, 2:294, 2:320, 2:370, 3:30; AMT, 1:321; New York Tribune, 30 November 1868, 8; Willis, Mark and Livy (New York: Athenaeum, 1992), 43; Fairbanks, “The Cruise of the Quaker City,” 431.
15. MTL, 3:66, 3:73; Young, “Anna Dickinson, Mark Twain, and Bret Harte,” 41; Field, Selected Letters, 69. SLC was no more impressed by Field than she by him. He derided her a day or two later as one of the “ladies whose sudden rise into newspaper notice” had made her name “familiar in our mouths as household words,” adding that she “writes a smart little essay and reads it in a smart little way—without one touch of native or acquired eloquence” (MTL, 4:549).
16. MTL, 3:91–92.
17. MTL, 2:285, 2:290–91, 4:27–28.
18. MTL, 2:122, 2:284, 2:295, 3:90, 4:22.
19. MTL, 2:231, 2:286–87, 2:332, 2:349, 2:361, 3:57; Olivia Lewis Langdon to Mary Fairbanks, 4 September 1868, UCLC 48349.
20. MTL, 2:320, 2:357–60, 3:12, 3:73–74; AMT, 1:358–59.
21. Selected Letters of Bret Harte, 67; MTL, 3:52–53, 3:57, 3:320; AMT, 1:358–59.
22. MTL, 3:53, 3:62, 3:73; SLC to C. W. Stoddard, 25 August 1869, UCCL 00349.
23. Bierce, A Sole Survivor, 100; Wecter, “Introduction,” in The Love Letters of Mark Twain, 9; Ensor, Mark Twain and the Bible, 39; Hoffman, Inventing Mark Twain, 147; Cox, Mark Twain: The Fate of Humor, 73; Kaplan, The Singular Mark Twain, 242; Messent, “Mark Twain, Joseph Twichell, and Religion,” 374; MTL, 2:xxiv, 3:130–32.
24. MTL, 3:18, 3:153, 3:348, 3:436, 4:21, 4:275–76.
25. Reade, Study and Stimulants, 120–21; Mark Twain Speaking, 465; MTL, 4:21.
26. MTL, 2:354, 3:74, 3:359; Emerson, “Mark Twain’s Move to Hartford,” 20; “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 28 July 1867, 1; Fields, Memories of a Hostess, 244–46; Wecter, Mark Twain to Mrs. Fairbanks, 250.
27. MTL, 3:63, 4:95, 6:54; Skandera-Trombley, “‘I Am Woman’s Rights,’” 20; Skandera-Trombley, Mark Twain in the Company of Women, 131; Collected Tales, 1:566–67; Mark Twain’s Speeches, 103; Following the Equator, 300; MTCI, 692.
28. MTL, 2:296, 2:323, 2:325, 2:327; Newark Advertiser, 10 December 1868, 13; “Mark Twain Lecture,” Mohawk Valley Register, 25 December 1868, 3.
29. MTL, 3:4, 3:395–96, 5:5.
30. MTL, 2:340, 2:342, 2:352, 2:367, 3:454–56, 3:489; Detroit Post, 23 December 1868, 8; “Mark Twain,” Detroit Free Press, 23 December 1868, 1; MTCI, 527. See also Denney, “Next Stop Detroit,” 22–23;
31. “Fort Wayne,” Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 4 January 1869, 1; MTL, 3:6, 3:9, 3:27, 3:28, 3:30–31, 3:35; “Mark Twain as a Lecturer,” Indianapolis J
ournal, 5 January 1869, 5; Lorch, “Mark Twain’s Lecture Tour of 1868–69,” 525; “Mark Twain,” Chicago Tribune, 8 January 1869, 4; “The American Vandal Abroad,” Chicago Times, 8 January 1869, 3; “Mark Twain,” Chicago Republican, 8 January 1869, 4; “Lectures,” Ottawa (Ill.) Free Trader, 16 January 1869, 1; A Connecticut Yankee, 69.
32. MTL, 3:38, 3:41, 3:45, 3:48; Des Moines (Iowa) State Register, 22 January 1869, 1.
33. MTL, 3:16, 3:51, 3:68, 3:72, 3:456–57; “Mark Twain at Case Hall,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, 23 January 1869, 3; “Mark Twain and the Orphans,” Cleveland Herald, 23 January 1869, 3; Mark Twain Speaking, 37; “Mark Twain,” Cleveland Leader, 23 January 1869, 4; AMT, 2:6–8.
34. MTL, 3:81–83, 3:105; “From Jacksonville, Ill.,” St. Louis Missouri Republican, 4 February 1869, 1.
35. MTL, 2:197, 3:84–86, 3:92–93, 3:120–21.
36. MTL, 3:101. In a letter to Livy he wrote, “I told [Twichell] we meant to lead a useful, unostentatious & earnest religious life, & that I should unite with the church as soon as I was settled; & that both of us, on these accounts, would prefer the quiet moral atmosphere of Hartford to the driving, ambitious ways of Cleveland” (MTL, 3:103). SLC echoes Whitman’s phrase “mania of owning things” from section 32 of “Song of Myself.”
37. MTL, 3:440.
38. “Letter from Mark Twain,” SFAC, 15 November 1868, 1; MTL, 3:405. Sam’s animosity may have been rooted in Bowles’s preference for Harte’s more subdued brand of humor; see Harte, Bret Harte’s California, 8.
39. MTL, 2:360, 2:366, 3:177–78, 3:266–67; N&J, 2:132, 2:356; “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County,” Cleveland Herald, 14 November 1868, 2; MTL, 2:360, 2:366.
40. MTL, 2:363, 3:96, 3:270, 3:288, 3:298–99, 3:387; IA, 260; AMT, 1:364.
41. MTL, 3:14, 3:139, 3:168; Winterich, The Romance of Great Books, 180; Elisha Bliss to SLC, 10 February 1869, UCLC 31661.
42. AMT, 2:48.
43. MTL, 3:94, 3:98, 3:104, 3:105, 3:108, 3:120, 3:124, 3:162.
44. “Letter from Mark Twain,” SFAC, 25 July 1869, 1; “Personal,” SFAC, 7 August 1869, 1; MTL, 3:199, 3:218; Lorch, The Trouble Begins at Eight, 99; AMT, 2:255–56; The Gilded Age, 526–27.
45. MTL, 3:214–16, 3:259, 3:277, 3:282.
46. MTL, 3:194, 3:196, 3:212, 3:214, 3:284–85, 3:287, 3:292–93, 3:296–97, 3:493; AMT, 1:48, 1:359; Dickinson, “Marketing a Best-Seller,” 115.
47. “The City,” New York Tribune, 7 May 1869, 8; MTL, 3:211–12, 3:259.
48. MTL, 3:292.
49. MTL, 3:328; Budd, Mark Twain: The Contemporary Reviews, 35–36, 37, 42, 44, 45.
50. Mark Twain Speaking, 135; Kestersen, “The Mark Twain–Josh Billings Friendship,” 6–7; MTL, 3:326, 3:363; Budd, Mark Twain: The Contemporary Reviews, 42, 71–76; Howells, My Mark Twain, 3.
51. Paine, Mark Twain: A Biography, 382; Budd, Mark Twain: The Contemporary Reviews, 39, 46, 52, 69; MTL, 3:493; “Wicked Mark Twain,” Californian, 7 December 1867, 1; “Mark Twain’s New Book,” Boston Transcript, 15 December 1869, 1.
52. MTL, 2:229, 3:303, 3:329, 3:342; Budd, Mark Twain: The Contemporary Reviews, 49.
53. “Literature,” Athenaeum, 24 September 1870, 395; Budd, Mark Twain: The Contemporary Reviews, 86.
54. Hill, “Mark Twain’s Book Sales, 1869–1879,” 375; Hill, Mark Twain and Elisha Bliss, 39; Dickinson, “Marketing a Best-Seller,” 121–22; Paine, Mark Twain: A Biography, 426; MTL, 2:163, 4:4, 4:101; Hart, The Popular Book, 147; Michelson, “Mark Twain the Tourist,” 385; Boston Advertiser, 22 October 1870, 2; “An Entertaining Article,” Galaxy 10 (December 1870): 876–78; MTCI, 653.
55. Collected Tales, 1:285–90; Dakota Republican, 13 March 1869, 2; Cleveland Plain Dealer, 5 March 1869, 1; Marysville (Calif.) Appeal, 27 March 1869, 1; “An Abuse,” New Haven Columbian Register, 6 March 1869, 2.
56. Paine, Mark Twain: A Biography, 379; MTL, 3:175, 3:272, 3:300; Olivia Clemens to Twichells, 31 October 1869, UCCL 00369.
57. Orion Clemens to Mollie Clemens, 7 July 1869, UCLC 47012; Orion Clemens to SLC, 7 July 1869, UCLC 47007; MTL, 3:270, 3:272, 3:388–89.
58. MTL, 3:388–89, 4:177–78; AMT, 1:208; Howe, “Narrating the Tennessee Land,” 22.
59. MTL, 3:291, 3:404, 3:440.
60. Paine, Mark Twain: A Biography, 388; MTL, 3:298, 3:304, 3:306, 3:311, 3:470–72, 4:317; Steinbrink, Getting to Be Mark Twain, 60; Berry, “Mark Twain as a Buffalo Editor,” 6.
61. Berry, “Mark Twain as a Buffalo Editor,” 6; MTL, 3:301, 3:317, 3:477; AMT, 1:375.
62. Pettengill’s Newspaper Directory, 27; Berry, “Mark Twain as a Buffalo Editor,” 6; Reigstad, Scribblin’ for a Livin’, 49.
63. MTL, 3:204; Berry, “Mark Twain as a Buffalo Editor,” 6–7.
64. Mark Twain at the Buffalo Express, 11; Reigstad, Scribblin’ for a Livin’, 87; MTL, 3:333–34, 4:546.
65. Reigstad, Scribblin’ for a Livin’, 232, 239, 248, 253, 294; Baender, “Mark Twain and the Byron Scandal,” 467–85; Mark Twain at the Buffalo Express, 22, 59–60, 117–20; Austin, Fields of the Atlantic Monthly, 161.
66. Richardson, Beyond the Mississippi, 163; Reigstad, Scribblin’ for a Livin’, 251; Collected Tales, 280; Leonard, “Mark Twain and Politics,” 99; RI, 509.
67. “A Public Outrage on Religion and Decency,” New York Sun, 2 December 1869, 2.
68. Roark, “Mark Twain’s Laura,” 65–83; French, “Mark Twain, Laura D. Fair, and the New York Criminal Courts,” 545–61; “Colonel Sellers,” 145, 150. That the McFarland case was also a source for the Laura Hawkins trial in The Gilded Age is suggested by the similarity of the names of the respective defense attorneys, Graham and Braham.
69. Mark Twain at the Buffalo Express, 181, 207; “Memoranda,” Galaxy 10 (July 1870): 137; MTL, 4:392.
70. Camfield, The Oxford Companion to Mark Twain, 556; Branch, Literary Apprenticeship, 80; RI, 341.
71. Mark Twain at the Buffalo Express, 195; N&J, 3:346–47.
72. Steinbrink, Getting to Be Mark Twain, 53; Reigstad, Scribblin’ for a Livin’, 78; MTL, 3:333, 3:362; Mark Twain at the Buffalo Express, 47.
73. Mark Twain at the Buffalo Express, 67, 293; Olivia Clemens to Alice Hooker Day, 1 November 1869, UCCL 00370; MTL, 4:99.
74. Olivia Clemens to Alice Hooker Day, 1 November 1869, UCCL 00370; MTL, 3:384, 3:387, 3:389, 3:390, 3:393; “Academy of Music,” Pittsburgh Post, 2 November 1869, 1; “Letter from Boston,” Bangor (Maine) Whig and Courier, 10 November 1869, 2; James, The Bostonians, 177.
75. MTL, 3:391, 3:392, 3:394; ET&S, 2:215; “Local Intelligence,” Boston Transcript, 11 November 1869, 4; “Mark Twain at Music Hall,” Boston Herald, 11 November 1869, 2; “Mark Twain’s Lecture,” Boston Evening Journal, 11 November 1869, 4; “Mark Twain ‘at Home,’” Boston Post, 11 November 1869, 3; “From Boston,” Springfield Weekly Republican, 13 November 1869, 5; “Mark Twain Tuesday Night,” Hartford Courant, 22 November 1869, 2; “Letter from Boston,” SU, 24 November 1869, 1.
76. Mark Twain at the Buffalo Express, 100; MTL, 3:398, 3:407–8, 3:412, 3:414, 3:417, 3:437–39; “The News,” Brooklyn Eagle, 17 November 1869, 2; Lorch, “Mark Twain’s ‘Sandwich Islands’ Lecture,” 322; “New England News Items,” Springfield Republican, 2 December 1869, 4; “Williamsburgh Library Association Lecture,” Brooklyn Eagle, 2 December 1869, 3; “Mark Twain,” Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 8 December 1869, 3; “Amusements, Music, &c.,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 8 December 1869, 3; Washington Evening Star, 9 December 1869, 1; Washington Morning Chronicle, 9 December 1869.
77. MTL, 3:423, 3:429; Briden, “Mark Twain’s Rhode Island Lectures,” 36; “M.L.A.,” Portland (Maine) Eastern Argus, 23 December 1869, 3; “Mercantile Library Lectures,” Portland (Maine) Transcript, 1 January 1870, 317; AMT, 1:148; “Rockport,” Cape Ann (Mass.) Advertiser, 31 December 1869, 2; “Mark Twain’s Lecture,” New Haven Morning Journal and Courier, 28 December 1869, 2; “Mark Twain,” Trenton State Gazette, 29 December 1869, 3; “Mark Twain on the Sandwich Islands,” Newark Journal, 3
0 December 1869, 2; “Mark Twain Last Night,” Newark Advertiser, 30 December 1869, 2.
78. Howells, My Mark Twain, 3–4.
79. MTL, 3:426, Paine, Mark Twain: A Biography, 701.
80. MTL, 3:480, 4:7, 4:10, 4:15, 4:16, 4:17, 4:19, 4:25, 4:28–30; “Mark Twain at Tweddle Hall,” Albany Argus, 12 January 1870, 4.
81. MTL, 4:32–33.
82. MTL, 4:33; Lorch, “Mark Twain’s ‘Sandwich Islands’ Lecture,” 324–25.
83. Lorch, “Mark Twain’s ‘Sandwich Islands’ Lecture,” 315.
84. MTL, 4:4, 4:17, 4:32, 4:120, 4:128, 4:142.
85. MTL, 4:3, 4:36, 4:42, 5:137.
86. Fairbanks, “The Wedding of ‘Mark Twain,’” Cleveland Herald, 7 February 1870, 2; MTL, 4:4, 4:143; Paine, Mark Twain: A Biography, 391–92.
87. AMT, 1:321–22; Olivia Clemens to Olivia Lewis Langdon, 6 February 1870, UCCL 00419; J. D. F. Slee to SLC, 27 December 1869, UCLC 31949; Lawton, A Lifetime with Mark Twain, 66; Fairbanks, “The Wedding of ‘Mark Twain,’” Cleveland Herald, 7 February 1870, 2; MTL, 4:46, 4:61, 4:66, 4:74, 4:75, 4:86, 4:138.
88. MTL, 4:51–52, 4:54, 4:67, 4:68, 4:128; “Nasby on Twain,” Carson (Nev.) Appeal, 5 April 1870, 2; Joe Goodman to A. B. Paine, 13 March 1908, Twainian, n.s., 15 (January–February 1956); Berkove, Insider Stories, 1033–34; Paine, Mark Twain: A Biography, 409; Olivia Clemens to Olivia Lewis Langdon, 12 February 1870, UCCL 00425.
Chapter 18
1. MTL, 4:65, 4:70, 4:77, 4:81–82, 4:248; Mark Twain at the Buffalo Express, 157–59.
2. “The Readings Last Evening,” Buffalo Express, 16 March 1870, 4; MTL, 3:425, 4:94, 4:239, 4:455; Lorch, The Trouble Begins at Eight, 113; Bierce, A Sole Survivor, 101.
3. MTL, 4:89, 4:90, 4:91, 4:95, 4:99, 4:105, 4:145; Krauth, “Mark Twain and the Profession of Writing,” 231; Buinicki, “Mark Twain and the Problem and Promise of Magazines,” 246; “Introductory,” Galaxy 9 (May 1870): 717.
4. “The Indignity Put upon the Remains of George Holland by the Rev. Mr. Sabine,” Galaxy 11 (February 1871): 320–21; “Pharisaical Delicacy,” New York Times, 29 December 1870, 1; “About Smells,” Galaxy 9 (May 1870): 721.
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