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INDEX
The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. To find the corresponding locations in the text of this digital version, please use the “search” function on your e-reader. Note that not all terms may be searchable.
adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 64–65, 118
alcoholdehydrogenase gene, 27–28
algorithms, evolutionary, 202–4
alleles, 18
Alon, Uri, 140
Altman, Sidney, 43–44
amino acids. See proteins and amino acids
amphiphilic lipid molecules, 55–56
Anaximander, 8
antibiotic resistance, 113, 192
antifreeze proteins, 107, 111, 178–79
aphids, 189–91
Arctic cod, 107, 111, 178–79
Arthur, W. Brian, 201
ATP (adenosine triphosphate), 64–65, 118
autocatalysis, 54–55, 56, 66
Avery, Oswald, 23–24
Backus, John, 196
bacteria. See microbes
bar-headed goose, 112, 120, 197
Bartel, David, 130–31
beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) protein, 138–41
bicoid protein, 147–48
biochemistry, 22–23
BioCyc database, 70
biomass building blocks, 59, 64–65, 69, 83–84, 101
birds
bar-headed goose, 112, 120, 197
evolutionary exaptation of feathers, 200
peregrine falcon, 2–3
Boolean logic functions and logic gates, 207–15
Boreogadus saida (Arctic cod), 107, 111, 178–79
Buchner, Eduard, 22–23
Buchnera aphidicola, 190–93
building blocks of life, 59, 64–65, 69, 83–84, 101
Burkholderia xenovorans, 73
Cambrian explosion, 196
canalization. See robustness
carbon fixation, 199
Carroll, Lewis, 187–88
catalysts, 22–23, 48, 62–63
Cech, Thomas, 43–44
Celera Genomics, 29
cell division, 57–58
chemosynthesis, 50
Christian theology, 9
circuits. See gene regulation and regulation circuits
citric acid cycle, 53–54, 56, 60
combinatorial innovation, 66, 72–73, 75, 83, 102, 200–201
complexity
phenotypes, 22, 31, 33–34, 37–38, 71, 84–88
regulation circuits, 142, 145–46, 150–51, 188
robustness and, 186–87, 191–93
technological innovation, 215
computers and computation. See also technological innovation
Boolean logic functions and logic gates, 207–15
evolutionary algorithms, 202–4
Game of Life self-replication model, 217–18
machine learning, 211–12
in modern biological research, 31–32, 95
mutation, 202–3, 213
conservation of innovations, 3, 5, 14–15, 176–79
Conway, John, 217
co-option of earlier innovations for new purposes, 153, 154, 178, 200
Crick, Francis, 24, 43
crystallins, 3–4, 143–44, 177–78
Cuvier, Georges, 9–10
Darwin, Charles
on adaptation of organs to new purposes, 200
on common ancestry of all life, 10
ignorance of causes of new variations, 14, 21
ignorance of heritability, 11
on limitations inherent in natural selection theory, 177
on mathematics, 218
natural selection theory, 1–2, 4–5, 11, 14
publication of The Origin of Species, 7, 8, 12, 22, 23
warm-pond hypothesis of origin of life, 39, 48–49
databases of metabolic information, 69–70, 117, 220–21
deep-ocean volcanoes, 49–51
Dekel, Erez, 140
developmental biology, 142
de Vries, Hugo, 13, 15
digital electronics, 207–12
disorder, genotypic, 169–70, 175, 179, 186
distalless protein, 154–55
DNA. See also specific molecular processes
biomass building blocks, 59
components existing in interstellar space, 40
copying errors, 117, 120
duplicate genes, 172–73, 189
energy required for replication, 46–47
horizontal gene transfer and gene deletion, 78–80
Human Genome Project, 29–30
as information repository, 43, 59
in molecular evolutionary biology, 27
molecular structure of, 23–24
in organism’s genome, 29
polymerase transcription enzyme, 138–40
recombination standards, 205
replication process, 42–43
sequencing technology, 29–30
silent mutations, 27–28
Dobzhansky, Theodosius, 11
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies)
alcoholdehydrogenase gene, 27–28
computer simulator, 151
Pax6 gene, 146
regulation circuits, 147–50
duplicate genes, 172–73, 189
earth, age of, 1–2
E. coli. See Escherichia coli
Edison, Thomas, 196
Eigen, Manfred/Eigen’s paradox, 45–46
Einstein, Albert, 20
embryology, 21–22
embryonic development
fruit flies, 147–51
Hox code expression, 153
humans, 149–50
endosymbiotic mutualism, 190–91
energy storage molecules, 64–65
Arrival of the Fittest: Solving Evolution's Greatest Puzzle Page 31