Ghost of the Innocent Man

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Ghost of the Innocent Man Page 37

by Benjamin Rachlin


  Barefoot v. Estelle, 463 U.S. 880 (1983).

  Barrett, Michael. “Panel: Gaston Man Wrongly Convicted of 1987 Rape.” Gaston Gazette, October 5, 2012.

  Begley, Sharon. “Leaving Holmes in the Dust.” Newsweek, October 26, 1987.

  Bennett Place 2241, United Daughters of the Confederacy. “I. Beverly Lake Scholarship.” http://bennettplace2241.webs.com/scholarship.htm.

  Betts, Jack. “A Gain for Justice.” Charlotte Observer, February 23, 2010.

  Blackburn, Jim. “About Jim Blackburn.” Jim Blackburn Seminars, LLC. http://www.blackburnseminars.com.

  Blake, William. “Voices from Solitary: A Sentence Worse Than Death.” Solitary Watch, March 11, 2013.

  Blythe, Anne. “Former Wake District Attorney Colon Willoughby Looks Back on Career.” Raleigh News and Observer, April 5, 2014.

  . “Police Reopen ’91 Murder Case.” Raleigh News and Observer, March 18, 2010.

  . “Taylor Case Brings Commission Renown.” Raleigh News and Observer, February 22, 2010.

  . “Three Know Taylor’s Ordeal All Too Well.” Raleigh News and Observer, February 19, 2010.

  , and Lynn Bonner. “DNA Law Raises Questions.” Raleigh News and Observer, July 29, 2010.

  , and Amy Dunn. “Innocence Commission Founder Calls for Big Changes.” Raleigh News and Observer, June 5, 2010.

  Borlik, Joe. “Hickory Man Convicted in 1987 Rape to Get Chance at Freedom.” Fox 8, April 5, 2012.

  Bradshaw, Kourtney A. “Charlotte, NC: Birthplace (and Place of Death) of Integration in Public Schools.” North Carolina History Projects. http://carolinahistory.web.unc.edu/charlotte-nc-birthplace-and-place-of-death-of-integration-in-public-schools/.

  Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963).

  Brown, Robbie. “Judges Free Inmate on Recommendation of Special Innocence Panel.” New York Times, February 18, 2010.

  Brown v. Board of Education (II), the Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. http://www.oyez.org/cases/1950-1959/1954/1954_1/.

  Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS. 349 U.S. 294 (1955).

  Bune, Karen. “When the Innocent Become Victims.” Officer.com, August 4, 2008.

  Bush, Jack, Barry Glick, and Juliana Taymans. “Thinking for a Change: Integrated Cognitive Behavior Change Program.” National Institute of Corrections Academy, 1997. Revised February 2002.

  Candler, Laura. “After Innocence: James Waller Speaks About What Exoneration Feels Like.” WUNC North Carolina Public Radio. Chapel Hill, NC: June 13, 2013.

  Carolina Journal Online. “Friday Interview: N.C. Actual Innocence Commission Revisited.” June 1, 2012. http://www.carolinajournal.com/exclusives/display_exclusive.html?id=9114.

  Catawba County Government. “Profile—About Catawba County, North Carolina.” http://www.catawbacountync.gov/about.asp.

  Chalfant, Claudine. “24 Years Wrongfully Imprisoned Shaped Grimes into Man He Is Today.” Time Warner Cable News: Charlotte, April 29, 2015.

  Charlotte Observer staff. “Getting It Right: If N.C. Courts Convict Wrong Persons, Criminals Go Free.” Charlotte Observer, August 18, 2005.

  . “Hickory Man Arrested in 1973 Rape Case.” Charlotte Observer, September 28, 2012.

  . “Righting Wrongs: Panel Would Help Make Sure Criminals Don’t Run Free.” Charlotte Observer, July 11, 2006.

  CNN. “Rogue Justice.” CNN Presents, January 30, 2011.

  Committee on Identifying the Needs of the Forensic Sciences Community, National Research Council. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward. National Academy of Sciences report. August 2009.

  Connors, Edward, et al. Convicted by Juries, Exonerated by Science: Case Studies in the Use of DNA Evidence to Establish Innocence After Trial. National Institute of Justice report. June 1996.

  Crabtree, David, and Keith Baker. “Life on Death Row: ‘Am I Going to Be Next?,’” WRAL, February 27, 2013.

  Crosby, David. “An Expanding Economy: In Diversification Is Strength.” Hickory Area Report. 1988.

  . “Introduction.” Hickory Area Report. 1988.

  . “Teamwork and Foresight: An Award-winning Combination.” Hickory Area Report. 1988.

  . “A Transport Center: Planes, Trains and Trucks.” Hickory Area Report. 1988.

  Daily Cynema. “Central Prison—Home of North Carolina’s Death Row.” Daily Cynema, April 24, 2010. https://dailycynema.wordpress.com/2010/04/24/central-prison-home-of-north-carolinas-death-row/.

  David, Ben. “Community-Based Prosecution in North Carolina: An Inside-Out Approach to Public Service at the Courthouse, on the Street, and in the Classroom.” Wake Forest Law Review 47 (2012): 373–411.

  Davis, Patty. “Wrongly Convicted Take Center Stage at Death Penalty Forum.” CNN, November 15, 1998.

  Death Penalty Information Center. “Legislative Activity—North Carolina.” Accessed September 6, 2013. http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/legislative-activity-north-carolina.

  . “List of Those Freed From Death Row.” Accessed November 15, 2016. http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/innocence-list-those-freed-death-row.

  DeVayne, Richard. “Panel to Review Hickory Rape Case.” Charlotte Observer, September 27, 2012.

  Diane Wilson et al. v. Hickory City Board of Education. D. Ct. 529 (1966).

  Duggan, Paul. “‘Sheetrock Scandal’ Hits Dallas Police.” Washington Post, January 18, 2002.

  Duke, Steven B., Ann Lee, and Chet K. Pager. “A Picture’s Worth a Thousand Words: Conversational Versus Eyewitness Testimony in Criminal Convictions.” American Criminal Law Review 44 (2007).

  Duke Law News. “Kendra Montgomery-Blinn ’03.” Duke Law News, June 26, 2009.

  Durose, Matthew R., and Patrick A. Langan. “Felony Sentences in State Courts, 2002.” Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin, December 2004.

  Ehlers, Matt. “Taylor’s Exoneration Prompts Police to Reinvestigate Case.” Raleigh News and Observer, March 17, 2010.

  “Eighty-Fourth Congress: January 3, 1955, to January 3, 1957.” S. Doc. Biographical directory.

  Eisley, Matthew, Anne Saker, and Andrea Weigl. “Cocaine Found in Office of NC Courts Top Administrator.” Raleigh News and Observer, August 18, 2004.

  Eubanks, Georgann. “Overturning Wrongful Convictions.” Duke Magazine. July–August 2002: 28–33.

  Exum, James G., Jr. “Presentation of the Portrait of I. Beverly Lake., Sr., Associate Justice.” Opening remarks and presentation acceptance. June 15, 1994.

  “Facing Controversy: Struggling with Capital Punishment in North Carolina.” Curated by Biff Hollingsworth and Tim West. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Online exhibition. http://exhibits.lib.unc.edu/exhibits/show/capital-punishment.

  Federal Bureau of Investigation. “FBI Laboratory Announces Discontinuation of Bullet Lead Examinations.” Press release, September 1, 2005.

  . “FBI Testimony on Microscopic Hair Analysis Contained Errors in at Least 90 Percent of Cases in Ongoing Review.” Press release, April 20, 2015.

  Gardner, Kelly. “Convicted Rapist Maintains Innocence in 1987 Case.” WRAL, April 3, 2012.

  . “DA: Taylor Didn’t Meet Burden to Prove Innocence.” WRAL, February 17, 2010.

  . “Innocence Panel Takes Up 1988 Catawba Rape Conviction.” WRAL, April 2, 2012.

  . “Innocence Panel Refers 1987 Hickory Rape Case for Judicial Review.” WRAL, April 4, 2012.

  Garner, Bryan E. “An Escaped Convict Turns Himself Back In.” Awake! February 8, 1994.

  Gaston Gazette staff. “We Can Learn Patience, Grace from Willie Grimes.” Gaston Gazette, October 12, 2012.

  Geary, Bob. “What of Those Who Can’t Afford Expensive Defense Attorneys?,” Indy Week, April 18, 2007.

  Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963).

  Goldberg, Eric. “Ridgeview Overcame Obstacles.” Hickory Daily Record, 1975.

  Greene, Susan. “Apple Tossed in Garbage May Have Cleared Man.” Denver Post, July 25, 2007.

  Gross, Samuel
R., Kristen Jacoby, Daniel J. Matheson, and Nicholas Montgomery. “Exonerations in the United States, 1989 through 2003.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 95, no. 2 (2005).

  Gross, Samuel R., and Michael Shaffer. “Exonerations in the United States, 1989–2012.” National Registry of Exonerations, June 22, 2012.

  Hampton, Kristen. “Man Cleared in ’87 Rape Case Says Police Cost Him 25 Years of Life.” WRAL, October 12, 2012.

  Harris, Stephen. “Violent Crimes Increase 47% in County.” Newton Observer-News-Enterprise, July 6, 1978.

  Helton, Sarah. “Tips Will Aid Fight by Police.” Hickory Daily Record, August 31, 1988.

  Herrera v. Collins, 506 U.S. 390 (1993).

  Hickory Daily Record reporters. Bobby Elliott obituary. Hickory Daily Record, January 31, 2013.

  . “Breaking News: Innocence Commission judges Determine Grimes Is Innocent Of 1987 Rape in Hickory.” Hickory Daily Record, October 5, 2012.

  . “Few Know Historical Date.” Hickory Daily Record, October 28, 1983.

  . “Grimes’ Future Hangs in the Balance as Arguments Begin in Innocence Inquiry Commission Hearing.” Hickory Daily Record, October 1, 2012.

  . “Hickory Man Charged with 1st-Degree Rape.” Hickory Daily Record, undated.

  . “Hickory Man to Be Freed from Prison After 24 Years.” Hickory Daily Record, May 21, 2012.

  . “His Dream Led Him Out of the Projects to His Life’s Purpose.” Hickory Daily Record, February 13, 2012.

  . “1973 Rape Suspect in Hickory Gets New Attorney.” Hickory Daily Record, May 7, 2013.

  . “Old Fingerprints Give Hickory Man a Chance at Freedom.” Hickory Daily Record, April 4, 2012.

  . “Ratio of Blacks to Whites in Unifour Complex 8.53%.” Hickory Daily Record, March 1, 1971.

  . “Suspect Sought in Reported Rape.” Hickory Daily Record, undated.

  Houck, Max, and Bruce Budowle. “Correlation of Microscopic and Mitochondrial DNA Hair Comparisons.” Journal of Forensic Science 47, no. 5 (September 2002).

  Houck, Max, et al. “Located Exchange: The Science of Forensic Hair Comparisons and the Admissibility of Hair Comparison Evidence: Frye and Daubert Considered.” Modern Microscopy (March 2, 2004).

  Hunter, Tye, and Danielle Carman. “Implementing the Right to Counsel in Innocence Inquiry Commission Proceedings.” Memorandum from the Office of Indigent Defense Services to Kendra Montgomery-Blinn at the Innocence Inquiry Commission and Chris Mumma at the Center on Actual Innocence, February 12, 2008.

  Innocence Project. “DNA Exonerations Nationwide.” February 7, 2007. http://www.innocenceproject.org/free-innocent/improve-the-law/fact-sheets/dna-exonerations-nationwide.

  . “Fact Sheet: Eyewitness Identification Reform.” January 31, 2007. http://www.innocenceproject.org/free-innocent/improve-the-law/fact-sheets/eyewitness-identification-reform.

  . “Fact Sheet: Preservation of Evidence.” January 31, 2007. http://www.innocenceproject.org/free-innocent/improve-the-law/fact-sheets/preservation-of-evidence.

  Jarvis, Craig. “N.C. Prosecutors Want More Bill Concessions.” Raleigh News and Observer, February 17, 2012.

  Johnson, Ellis. “Buffalo Bills Strengthened by Famed Ex-Ridgeview QB.” Hickory Daily Record, November 5, 1964.

  . “Ex-Ridgeview Grid Great, Now Playing with Redskins.” Hickory Daily Record, 1964.

  . “Ridgeview, Central Clash Slated Here Friday Night.” Hickory Daily Record, 1964.

  JW.org. “Bible Words Index.” http://www.jw.org/en/publications/bible/nwt/bible-words-index/##p2204.

  . “Books of the Bible.” http://www.jw.org/en/publications/bible/nwt/books/.

  . “Frequently Asked Questions About Jehovah’s Witnesses.” http://www.jw.org/en/jehovahs-witnesses/faq/.

  . “Jehovah’s Witnesses.” http://www.jw.org/en.

  Kenney, Andrew. “Judge Upholds SBI’s Firing of Duane Deaver.” Durham News, August 27, 2014.

  Khanna, Samiha. “Christine Mumma—Tar Heel of the Year.” Raleigh News and Observer, December 30, 2007.

  . “Judge Clears Assistant Durham DA of Intentionally Keeping Man in Prison; Calls for New DA’s Office Police.” Indy Week blog, August 13, 2010.

  . “A Prosecutorial Mistake Leaves a Durham Man in Prison.” Indy Week, June 23, 2010.

  Lake, Beverly I., Sr. Interview by Charles Dunn. Documenting the American South: Interview C-0043, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007). September 8, 1987.

  Lamb, Amanda, and Erin Hartness. “Rape Victim Apologizes to Wrongfully Convicted Man.” WRAL, May 9, 2008.

  Lamb, Amanda, and Adam Owns. “Taylor, Now Free: ‘Truth Has Prevailed.’” WRAL, February 17, 2010.

  Langley, Scott. “The Execution Facilities of North Carolina at Central Prison, Raleigh.” Langley Creations Photography. http://www.langleycreations.com/photo/deathpenalty/central-prison/.

  Latta, J. L. “History of Hickory’s Public School System Traced by Maj. Latta.” Hickory Daily Record, date unknown.

  Leslie, Laura. “N.C. Sets Up Innocence Inquiry Panel.” All Things Considered. WUNC North Carolina Public Radio, August 3, 2006.

  Lewis, J. D. “I. Beverly Lake, Jr.: 26th Supreme Court Chief Justice.” http://www.carolana.com/nc/courts/iblakejr.html.

  Little, Ken. “Death Sentence Stands.” Wilmington Star News, January 28, 2005.

  Littlejohn, Yolanda. “He Didn’t Do It.” Raleigh News and Observer, January 21, 2010.

  Locke, Mandy. “Agent Defends Tests for Blood.” Raleigh News and Observer, February 13, 2010.

  . “Bittersweet Liberty: Dwayne Dail Struggles to Adapt to Life Outside Prison and Bond with His Son.” Raleigh News and Observer, December 9, 2014.

  . “DA Is Urged to Free Taylor.” Raleigh News and Observer, October 13, 2009.

  . “Dail Takes an Interest in Another’s Fight to Be Free.” Raleigh News and Observer, February 17, 2010.

  . “Discarded Evidence Costs Some NC Inmates a Chance at Freedom.” Raleigh News and Observer, March 16, 2013.

  . “Ex-FBI Agent Calls Taylor Arrest a ‘Rush to Judgment.’” Raleigh News and Observer, February 10, 2010.

  . “Family Pushes for Convict’s Release.” Raleigh News and Observer, September 19, 2009.

  . “Greg Taylor Pardoned by Governor.” Raleigh News and Observer, May 21, 2010.

  . “Hearing Gives Man Chance at Exoneration.” Raleigh News and Observer, February 10, 2010.

  . “Historic Steps Lead Taylor to Freedom.” Raleigh News and Observer, February 18, 2010.

  . “In Taylor Case, Blood Is the Issue.” Raleigh News and Observer, February 11, 2010.

  . “Innocence Panel Sets Greg Taylor Free.” Raleigh News and Observer, February 17, 2010.

  . “Judge Won’t Delay Taylor Case.” Raleigh News and Observer, January 16, 2010.

  . “Lawyers Fault Taylor Case.” Raleigh News and Observer, November 26, 2009.

  . “Prisoner Awaits Decision on Release.” Raleigh News and Observer, September 24, 2009.

  . “Prosecutors Would Limit Access to N.C. Innocence Panel.” Raleigh News and Observer, May 8, 2011.

  . “Taylor Gets His Shot at Release.” Raleigh News and Observer, February 7, 2010.

  . “Taylor Prosecutor Weighs In Again.” Raleigh News and Observer, February 9, 2010.

  . “The Truth Seeps Out at Last; a Man Is Freed.” Raleigh News and Observer, August 10, 2010.

  . “Victim’s Sister Works to Clear Convicted Man.” Raleigh News and Observer, February 13, 2010.

  . “Wake District Attorney to Contest Cary Man’s Innocence.” Raleigh News and Observer, October 13, 2009.

  Locke, Mandy, and Anne Blythe. “SBI to Review Old Lab Cases.” Raleigh News and Observer, February 28, 2010.

  Locke, Mandy, and Titan Marksdale. “Wrongly Convicted Man Ready to Live Life.” Raleigh News and Observer, August 29, 2007.

  Locke, Mandy, and Joseph Neff. “Innocence Panel to Examine Contempt Charge Against SBI Agent.” Raleigh News and Observer, Oct
ober 1, 2010.

  . “SBI Employee Resumes Work.” Raleigh News and Observer, November 13, 2010.

  . “State Police Group Urges Criminal Probe of SBI.” Raleigh News and Observer, August 19, 2010.

  . “Taylor Suit Seeks Money from SBI.” Raleigh News and Observer, June 29, 2011.

  Maiatico, Jerome M. “All Eyes on Us: A Comparative Critique of the North Carolina Innocence Inquiry Commission.” Duke Law Journal 56 (2007): 1345–76.

  Mann, Lisa Hammersly. “After 14 Years, Parker Now Free.” Charlotte Observer, November 30, 2004.

  Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961).

  Marquis, Joshua. “The Innocent and the Shammed.” New York Times, January 26, 2006.

  Marsden, Lawrence. “After 25 Years in Prison, Grimes New Day in Court Arrives in Front of Innocence Inquiry Panel.” Hickory Daily Record, October 3, 2012.

  . “‘Free at Last’: Innocence Commission Judges Determine Grimes Is Innocent of 1987 Rape in Hickory.” Hickory Daily Record, October 5, 2012.

  . “Key Witness in Grimes’ Hearing Won’t Testify Before Innocence Inquiry Commission.” Hickory Daily Record, October 4, 2012.

  Marsden, Skip. “DA Pursuing Probe of Possible Perjury in Grimes Hearing.” Hickory Daily Record, October 9, 2012.

  . “Hickory Man Indicted for 1980s Rape.” Hickory Daily Record, March 8, 2013.

  . “Probable Cause Found in Case Against ’73 Hickory Rape Case.” Hickory Daily Record, October 17, 2012.

  Marsh, Michelle. “Man Claiming Innocence in 1987 Rape Released on Parole.” WRAL, May 21, 2012.

  Martinez, Rick. “A Better Way to Fix Mistakes.” Raleigh News and Observer, June 9, 2010.

  Marusak, Joe, and April Bethea. “Man Exonerated After 24 Years in Prison.” Charlotte Observer, October 5, 2012.

  Marymount International School. “Spotlight On: Christine Cecchetti Mumma.” http://www.marymountrome.org/base.php?code=587.

  Matsumoto, Evan. “Catawba County Denies Willie Grimes Lawsuit.” Hickory Daily Record, December 11, 2014.

  . “Federal Lawsuit Targets Area Officials: Exonerated Man Files Suit, Alleges ‘Reckless Investigation.’” Hickory Daily Record, October 15, 2014.

  McBrayer, Sharon. “Surprise Arrest in 1973 Hickory Sexual Assault Case.” Hickory Daily Record, September 27, 2012.

  McMurtrie, Jacqueline. “The Role of the Social Sciences in Preventing Wrongful Convictions.” American Criminal Law Review 42 (2005).

 

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