by Tim Hannigan
independence referendum 264–66
Indonesian annexation 237, 264
economy 12, 58, 97, 189, 233, 252–56, 273
education 158, 163–66, 270
elections
1955, 29 September 213–14, 217
1971, 3 July 241–42
1997, 29 May 254
1999, 7 July 261–62
2004, 5indentJuly and 20 September 270, 271–72
2014, 9 July 273–74
Ethical Policy 155, 158
F
financial crisis (1997) 254–56
Flores 16–19, 150
Fretilin (‘Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor’) 237, 246–47, 248
G
Gajah Mada (‘Elephant General’) 55–56, 73, 211, 275
GAM, see Gerakan Aceh Merdeka
Gelgel kingdom (Bali) 84, 154
Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (‘Free Aceh Movement’, or GAM) 249–50, 270
Gerakan Tiga-Puluh September (‘30 September Movement’) 227–30, 258, 276
Gestapu, see Gerakan Tiga-Puluh September
Golkar (Sekretariat Bersama Golongan Karya, ‘Joint Secretariat of Functional Groups’) 241–43, 250–51, 254, 270
‘Great Post Road’ 114
Guided Democracy 218–21, 223, 224, 228, 233, 241, 242
Gus Dur 262, 264, 269, 273
Gusmão, Xanana 248
H
Habibie, B.J. 256, 259–61, 264, 266
Hamengkubuwono II 117
Hamengkubuwono III 124
Hamengkubuwono IX 201, 211, 239
Hartingh, Nicolaas 104, 106–07
Hatta, Mohammad 174, 177–81, 191, 191, 194, 197, 198–99, 203, 206, 207, 208, 211, 217, 219
Hayam Wuruk, king 53, 55–56, 57
Hillen, Ernest 185, 187, 193, 198
Hindu-Buddhism 46, 65, 242
Hinduism 29
Hogendorp, Dirk van, 110–11, 112
Ho-Ling 39, 42
Holland, see Netherlands
Hotel des Indes 159, 176
Houtman, Cornelis de 82, 83, 84–86, 183
I
Ibn Battuta 60–62, 65
Ibu Tien (Siti Hartinah) 245, 251, 254
‘Indianisation’ 27–29, 38–39, 58
Indian Ocean earthquake/tsunami of 26 December 2004 267–69, 270
Indische Partij (‘the Indies Party’) 168–69
Indische Vereniging (‘the Indies Association’) 178
‘Indonesia’ 11–12, 177, 178, 179
Indonesian language 35, 81, 177
Indonesian National Party, see Perserikat Nasional Indonesia
Indos/Indo-Europeans 102, 169–70, 205, 217
Irian Jaya, see West New Guinea
Islam 108, 123, 125, 128, 129, 149, 152, 167–68, 175–76, 192, 212, 218, 219, 249, 251–52, 271–72
Islamisation of Archipelago 63–67, 70, 74–75, 76, 78
J
Jakarta 9, 188, 196, 201, 207, 222, 223, 225–26, 227, 229, 233, 243, 245, 252, 254, 255–57, 271
Japan 97, 169, 180, 182–83, 196, 197, 198, 216
Japanese occupation during World War II 184–95, 236
Java 10, 19, 22, 36, 37–59, 64–65, 72–79, 84, 91, 92, 94, 103–09, 112–18, 124– 30, 131, 133–36, 137–40, 154–55, 161–62, 167, 168, 172–73, 180, 181, 182, 183, 186, 187–89, 192–93, 194, 200, 201–02, 205, 206, 210, 218, 219, 224, 225, 230, 231, 242, 252, 261, 263
British occupation of 115–24
‘Java Man’ 19
Jayakarta 89–91, 188
Jayanagara, king 53
Jayanasa, Raja 30, 31, 32–33
Jokowi, see Widodo, Joko Jonge, Bonifacius Cornelis de 180
Joyoboyo, king 49, 124, 193, 207
K
Kahuripan kingdom 49, 107
Kalimantan 9, 10, 222, 239, 252, 262, 263, 272
Kanjeng Ratu Kidul (‘Queen of the Southern Ocean’) 76
Kantoli kingdom 31
Karta 79, 105, 106, 108
Kediri 49, 50, 51, 52, 64
Kertanagara, king 51, 52
Ki Gede Pamanahan, king 78
kingship, Indian notions 28, 32, 33
Klungkung 157, 158, 161
Konfrontasi (‘Confrontation’) with Malaysia 222, 240
Kupang 150, 233
Kuta 271
L
language 28, 35, 57, 81, 94, 120, 163–64, 165, 170, 176, 177, 188, 207, 245
Lapangan Merdeka (‘Freedom Square’) 215, 223, 225, 227, 246, 258
Liang Bua (‘The Cool Cave’) 17, 18
Linggajati ceasefire 201–02
Lombok 56, 71, 147–48, 154
M
Madiun rebellion 205–06, 212
Madura/Madurese 57, 56, 83–84, 118, 188, 262–63
Mahmud Malik az-Zahir 62
Majapahit kingdom 52–59, 63, 64, 71, 72, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 84, 89, 119, 154, 197
Makassar 47, 71, 93, 130, 148–49, 151
Malay language 35, 120
Malaysia 9, 10, 222, 240
Malayu 30, 32, 34
Malik as-Salih, sultan 65–67
Maluku 33, 47, 48, 56, 67, 68, 81, 82, 84, 85–86, 87, 91, 96, 101, 122, 123, 141, 145, 183, 202, 204, 207, 216, 232, 263, 269
Manado 149
Mangkubumi, sultan 104, 106–09
Mangoenkoesoemo, Tjipto 169, 172
Mas Said 105, 106, 108 Masyumi (‘Council of Indonesian Muslim Associations’) 192, 212, 214, 220, 223
Mataram (Hindu-Buddhist kingdom, c. 752–1006) 40, 42, 46
Mataram (Muslim sultanate) 77–79, 84, 92–93, 96, 105–07, 108, 113, 117, 118, 126
Maulana Muhammad 80
Max Havelaar (novel) 138–40, 169
Medan 173, 252, 253, 256, 258
Megawati Sukarnoputri 215, 253–54, 261–62, 264, 270, 273
Melaka 10, 67, 68, 69–71, 91, 144–45
Melanesians 16–18
Merdeka (‘freedom’) 197, 205, 217
Minahasa 136, 137, 149
Minangkabau 22, 123, 134, 136, 137, 144, 178
Moluccas, see Maluku
Mongol attack 50–52, 58
MPR (People’s Consultative Assembly) 212, 241, 256, 259, 262/p>
Muhammadiyah (Muslim political organization) 167
Multatuli, see Douwes Dekker, Eduard
Murtopo, General Ali 240, 242
N
Nahdlatul Ulama (NU, political organization) 167, 212, 214, 224, 231, 242, 262
Najamuddin, sultan 121–23
Nasution, General Abdul Haris 220, 224, 225–26
Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij (Netherlands Trading Society, NHM) 134, 136
Netherlands 12, 85–86, 101–02, 110–11, 115, 119, 123, 126, 134, 136, 138, 152, 155, 163, 170, 171, 182, 183, 204, 206, 210, 217, 222
see also Dutch East Indies
New Guinea 9, 11, 15, 17, 20, 181, 206, 216–17, 222, 223
see also West New Guinea
New Order rule 233, 239–63
corruption 242, 245–46
economic management 239–40, 252–56, 260
elections 241–42, 254
Nusa Tenggara 17, 20, 22, 23, 38, 57, 91, 245
Nusantara 55–56, 84, 275
O
Orang Laut (‘Sea Peoples’) 30, 33
Organisasi Papua Merdeka (‘Free Papua Organisation’, or OPM) 249
P
Padris reformists 123
Pajajaran 56, 89
Pakubuwono II, 105–06
Pakubuwono III, 104, 106–07
Palembang 35, 43, 70, 120–23, 144, 258
Panangkaran, king 42
Pancasila (‘five principles’) 194, 243–44, 264
Partai Demokrasi Indonesia (‘Indonesian Democratic Party’, or PDI) 242–43, 251, 252, 253, 254, 261
Partai Komunis Indonesia (‘Communist Party of Indonesia’, or PKI) 205, 212, 214, 220, 223–25, 228–33
Partindo (‘Indonesian Party’) 180–81
&n
bsp; PDI, see Partai Demokrasi Indonesia
PDI-P 261, 270
Pekanbaru Railway project 192
Pembela Tanah Air (‘Protectors of the Fatherland’, or Peta) 192, 195, 199, 238
Pemuda (political youth) 176, 195, 199, 200
Pemuda Pancasila (youth wing of IPKI) 231
Penanggungan, Gunung 47, 54, 77
Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia (‘Indonesian National Education’) 180
Perhimpunan Indonesia (‘Indonesia n Association’) 178
Perserikat Nasional Indonesia (‘Indonesian Nationalist Association’, or PNI) 177, 178, 180, 212, 214, 220
Perserikatan Komunis di Hindia (‘Communist Association of the Indies’, or PKH) 172
pesantren (seminaries) 125
Peta, see Pembela Tanah Air
Philip, Godert Alexander Gerard, Baron van der Capellen 125
Pires, Tomé 69–74, 76
PKI, see Partai Komunis Indonesia
PNI, see Perserikat Nasional Indonesia
Portuguese colonization 58, 67–69, 70, 81, 83–86, 91, 94, 102, 141, 149, 235–36, 246–48
PPPKI (Union of Political Organisations of the Indonesian People) 177, 178, 180
Prambanan temple complex 45, 78, 215
Priangan highlands 131–33, 184
prisoners of war, during Japanese occupation 184–87, 193–94
puputan (ritual ‘finishing’) 157, 161, 166
Pusat Tenaga Rakyat (‘the Centre of People’s Power’) 192
R
Raden Mas Rangsang, see Sultan Agung
Raden Wijaya 52, 53
Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford 114–19, 121–23, 125, 126, 134, 135 144, 153
Rakai Pikatan 45
Ratu Adil 49, 124, 127, 179, 193
regional autonomy 272
Renville Agreement (1948) 203, 205–06
Republic of Indonesia 11, 197, 198–99, 201, 206, 210
riots, May 1998 256–58
romusha (‘volunteer labourers’) 192
Rooseboom, Willem 155
rust en orde (‘peace and order’) 151–52
S
Sabu 98–99
Sailendras (‘Kings of the Mountain’) 42–45
Samudra Pasai sultanate 60–62, 70
Sanjaya dynasty 40, 42, 45–46
Santa Cruz massacre see Dili massacre
santri 125
Sarekat Islam (‘Islamic Union’) 168, 172, 173, 175, 205
Sarwo Edhie Wibowo, General 230–32, 240, 247, 273
Sastroamidjojo, Ali (prime minister) 174, 208, 209, 217, 219
SBY, see Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang
Semarang 113, 165, 172
Senopati 78
Seventeen Gentlemen, the 87–88, 92, 101, 110
SI, see Sarekat Islam
Singapore 143–44, 183, 222
Singhasari, kingdom 49, 50–52, 54
Siti Hartinah, see Ibu Tien
Sjahrir, Sutan 174, 180, 181, 191, 199–200, 203, 206
Sjarifuddin, Amir (prime minister) 199, 203, 206
social stratification 28, 164, 169–70
Soedirohoesodo, Wahidin 166
Solo, see Surakarta
Spice Islands 82, 85, 86, 90
spice trade 81, 82–83, 85, 86, 88, 90, 96
Srivijaya kingdom 29–35, 36, 43, 44, 63–64, 68, 120
STOVIA (School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen; ‘School for the Training of Native Physicians’) 166, 169
Straits of Melaka 31, 33, 48, 64, 144, 152
Subianto, Prabowo 274
Sunda/Sundanese 77
Sufism 75
Suharto (president) 182, 227, 228, 229, 233–34, 237–46, 250–52, 253, 255–56, 263, 264, 272–73
background 237–39
downfall and resignation 256–59
family 245, 253–54
Sukarno (president) 174–80, 189–92, 194–95, 197, 198–200, 203, 205–06, 207, 208–10, 211, 215, 217–25, 227, 228, 229, 230, 233–34, 239–40
background 174–76
charisma 175, 179, 221–22
independence day speeches 221–22
Sukiman Wirjosandjojo 174
Sulawesi 13, 15, 20, 22, 123, 148–50, 202, 218, 263, 269
Sultan Agung (Raden Mas Rangsang) 79, 84, 92, 93, 104, 120
Sumatra 70–71, 115, 120, 123, 136, 144–45, 152, 173, 188, 192, 196, 201, 202, 203, 220, 231, 239, 272
Sumpah Pemuda (‘the Youth Pledge’) 176
Sunan Gunungjati 88
Surabaya 48, 83, 92, 189, 200–01, 205, 231, 253
Surabaya, Battle of 200–01, 276
Surakarta 105, 108, 113, 239, 258, 259
Suryaningrat, Suwardi 169, 171, 172, 176
T
Tana Toraja (Sulawesi) 22
Tarumanagara 39, 80
Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng (Bandung Institute of Technology) 174
Tentara Nasional Indonesia (‘Indonesian National Army’, or TNI) 206, 224
Ternate 67, 140, 141, 149, 151, 216
Tidore 67, 141
Timor 150
Tjokroaminoto, Oemar Said 168, 173, 175
TNI, see Tentara Nasional Indonesia
transmigration scheme 262–63
Treaty of Giyanti (1755) 107
Trenggana, king 76–77
Trisakti campus shootings (12 May 1998) 256–58
V
Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (‘United East India Company’, or VOC) 86–88, 89, 90–102, 105–07, 108–09, 110–12, 116, 120–21, 122, 129, 133, 134, 135, 146, 149, 150, 153–54
corruption in the VOC 100
Vitalis, Louis 131–33
VOC, see Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie
Volksraad (‘People’s Council’) 181
W
Wahid, Abdurrahman (president), see Gus Dur
Wali Songo 74–75, 78
Wallace, Alfred Russel 141–51, 159
Wallace Line 147, 154
West New Guinea 9, 181, 216–17, 222, 240, 249, 269, 275
Westerling, Raymond ‘Turk’ 202, 206–07
Widodo, Joko 273–74
Wijayakrama, prince 89–90
Wilde Vaart (‘The Wild Voyages’) 85
World War II 182–96
Y
Yani, General Ahmad 226, 230, 276
‘Year of Living Dangerously’ 222
Yijing (Buddhist monk) 25–26, 29–32, 63
Yogyakarta 78, 93, 102, 104, 108–09, 113, 117, 124, 125, 127, 128, 129, 178, 203, 206, 211, 213, 238
Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang (president)
270, 271–73
Z
Zheng He, admiral 59