by Jordan, Don
trials of dissidents, 212;
witnesses execution of regicides, 240–1, 243;
clamp-down on printers and booksellers, 242, 280;
vengeance not sated by trials/executions, 242;
posthumous dismemberment policy and, 245–6, 250–2;
‘White Plot’ and, 248, 285;
broken promise over religious freedom, 250, 292–3;
religious clampdown, 250, 292–3, 296;
Irish assassins in pay of, 266, 298, 299–301, 305–6, 312;
orders removal of corpses from Abbey, 273;
marries Catherine of Braganza, 282, 293;
breaks word on Vane’s pardon, 283–4;
Catholicism and, 293, 318*, 320, 321, 323;
uprisings against (1663), 297, 314;
letter to authorities in Bern, 298;
expeditionary force to New England (1664), 306–10;
great fire (1666) and, 313–14;
issues form of amnesty to sixteen men, 314, 316;
secret treaty with France, 318, 320, 321;
death of (5 February 1685), 321, 323;
marries niece Mary to William of Orange, 321;
see also Charles, Prince of Wales (future King Charles II)
Chester, capture of (August 1659), 121
Cheynell, Francis, 72
Cicero, 24, 25
Civil War, First, 14, 70, 95, 121, 153, 214, 224, 261–2, 289, 325–6;
Battle of Edgehill (23 October 1642), 11, 12–13, 86;
Prince of Wales and, 11, 12–13, 86;
Battle of Marston Moor (2 July 1644), 18, 295;
Battle of Naseby (14 June 1645), 18, 71, 74, 90, 114;
Charles I’s surrender to Scots (1646), 18–19;
charge against king and, 38, 45;
The King’s Cabinet Revealed, 71, 74;
Belasyse’s defeats at Selby and Bradford (1644), 90;
Monck and, 124
Civil War, Second, 21–2, 23, 25–6, 84, 124, 241, 325–6;
Newport treaty (December 1648), 22–3, 24, 25, 27–9, 49, 147, 164, 165, 230;
charge against king and, 38, 45;
execution of royalist leaders (March 1649), 83
Civil War, Third, 84–6, 109, 193–4
Clarendon, Lord see Hyde, Edward, Lord Clarendon
Clarges, John, 164
Clarges, Thomas, 138, 192
Clarke, William, 131
Clement, Gregory, 183, 207, 220, 226
Coates, Roger, 91
Cobbett, William, 165–6
Cochrane, Sir John, 74–5
Coke, Roger, 174
Coke, Thomas, 84–5
Colchester, 21, 169
Cole, Thomas, The Oxbow, 307
Commonwealth: Council of State (Cabinet), 8, 75, 78, 80, 84;
‘the Good Old Cause’ term, 9, 87*, 115, 149, 168, 276, 290;
Cromwell’s ‘betrayal’ of, 15, 87–8, 99, 111;
independence of the judiciary, 39;
religious toleration and, 39;
royalist plots against, 73, 78, 83, 84–5, 86, 120–2, 125, 127, 145–6;
Dorislaus’ mission to The Hague, 75, 76–8;
burials of luminaries in Westminster Abbey, 78, 110, 244–5, 250–1, 273;
espionage and intelligence network, 78–9, 83, 84, 85;
Ascham as ambassador to Spain, 79, 80–3;
propaganda and, 79;
‘engagement’ of faith to, 83;
execution of royalist Civil War leaders (March 1649), 83;
invasion of Scotland (1650), 84;
abolition of, 87–8, 111;
Cromwell becomes Lord Protector (16 December 1653), 87–9;
Lambert’s attempt to save, 87*, 157–60, 228, 269;
re-establishment of (May 1659), 117–19;
Monck and, 124–9, 133–6, 138–44, 147, 148, 149, 150–3, 154, 158, 159, 160;
final months of (December 1659-April 1660), 133–44, 145–60;
switching to royalist cause by officials (1659–60), 145–6
Compton, Sir William, 90
constitution, British: constitutional monarchy proposals, 19, 325;
Magna Carta, 31, 46, 47, 326;
Commons declares itself supreme authority, 33;
Tudor ideas on, 48;
Milton and, 69–70;
The Instrument of Government (December 1653), 88–9, 114, 193, 326;
‘The Humble Petition and Advice’ (1657), 104–5, 158, 262, 264;
Cromwell’s unelected upper house, 108;
House of Lords reestablished, 161;
Convention Parliaments, 161*;
parliamentary privilege, 204, 225–6;
issues raised during trial of regicides, 223, 224, 225–6, 230;
issues raised during Vane’s trial, 283;
legacy of regicides, 325–6
Conventicle Act (1664), 250
Cook, John, 43–4, 146, 147, 181, 182, 207, 328;
execution of, 15, 235–6, 240;
trial of Charles I and, 36, 38, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 70;
defendant’s right to silence and, 40, 40*, 326–7;
trial of, 210, 218
Cooper, James Fenimore, 319
Coote, Sir Charles, 136, 145–7, 162, 182
Corbet, Miles, 207, 215, 275–8, 320
Corporation Act (1661), 250
Cotter, James, 266, 305–6
Cottington, Francis, 81, 82
Cotton, Sir Robert, 41, 46, 48, 50, 51
Council of Foreign Plantations, 202–3, 256
Coventry, Henry, 165
Cowley, Abraham, 111–12
Craftie Cromwell (1647), 72–3
Crew, John, 155
Cromwell, Elizabeth, 72, 175
Cromwell, Katherine, 226
Cromwell, Oliver: New Model Army and, 8, 14, 21, 24–5, 84, 85–6, 105, 108, 113, 160, 269;
trial of Charles I and, 8, 23*, 29, 32, 38, 41–2, 48, 50;
death of (3 September 1658), 9, 109–12, 113;
‘betrayal’ of Commonwealth, 15, 87–8, 99, 111;
republican opponents of, 15, 87, 99, 108, 111, 114, 139, 295;
Joyce’s seizure of king and, 19, 187;
Battle of Preston (17 August 1648), 21;
hardening of attitude towards king, 21, 23, 24, 25, 241;
willingness to work with Charles I, 21, 326;
march south from Scotland, 24–5, 27;
Fairfax orders to London (28 November 1648), 25;
signing of king’s death warrant, 52, 53, 59, 173, 200, 219, 238;
execution of king and, 55, 59–60, 61, 64, 229, 230;
law preventing succession of Prince of Wales (1649), 58–9;
physical appearance of, 72;
satirical/propaganda attacks on, 72–3, 105–7;
America and, 80;
Battle of Dunbar (3 September 1650), 84, 109;
Battle of Worcester (3 September 1651), 85–6;
royalist plots against, 86, 90, 91, 92–5, 99–104;
abolition of Commonwealth, 87–8, 111;
becomes Lord Protector (16 December 1653), 87–9;
Leveller hostility towards, 88, 93, 100;
Thurloe’s espionage and, 88–9, 99, 102, 103;
lives at Whitehall Palace, 92, 103, 109;
Gerard plot against (1654), 92–5;
1655 uprising and, 97, 98;
police state in Ireland of, 99, 104, 268;
Sindercombe plot against (1656–7), 100–4;
offer of crown to (‘The Humble Petition and Advice’, 1657), 104–5, 158, 262, 264;
Killing No Murder pamphlet (1657), 105–7;
king-like behaviour/pomp of, 107;
ill health of, 108, 109;
unelected upper house, 108;
tomb in Westminster Abbey, 110, 244–5, 251;
state funeral of, 110–12, 164;
on Monck, 124;
hanging/burning of effigies of, 164, 179;
posthumous atta
inder of, 174, 175, 206–7;
seizure of property of, 175;
attitude towards Prince of Wales, 241;
disinterment and dismemberment, 244, 245, 246, 251, 252;
head on pole at Westminster Hall, 252;
on Tower of London, 270
Cromwell, Richard, 111, 112, 114, 115–18, 119, 149, 193, 206, 299, 314
Crowley, Miles, 305
Crowne, John, 202
Danvers, Sir John, 38
Davenant, Sir William, 192
Davenport, John, 257, 258–9, 260
Davidson, Sir William, 252, 265, 271
Davis, Walter, 232
de Vic, Sir Henry, 195
de Witt, Johan, 244, 265, 270–1, 275, 276, 312–13, 314–15, 317
Deane, Richard, 29
death warrant of Charles I, 2, 4, 132, 147, 183, 210, 267, 275, 322;
Ludlow and, 14, 170;
Cromwell and, 52, 53, 59–60, 173, 200, 219, 238;
signing process, 52–3, 59–60, 173, 219, 238;
Ingoldsby and Hutchinson excused harsh punishment, 173, 174;
finding of (July 1660), 200–1, 231;
trial of regicides and, 212, 215, 217, 219, 220, 222, 225, 226, 231, 237, 238
Delft (Holland), 272, 274–8
Dendy, Edward, 37, 39, 41, 175, 181, 182, 207, 270;
exile in Europe, 267, 270, 289, 293*, 322;
failed abduction of, 270–1
Deodati, John, 289
Derby, Countess of, 203–4
Derby, Earl of, 85, 203–4
Desborough, John, 97–8, 105, 114, 115, 117, 184, 189, 316;
Committee of Safety and, 122, 133;
exile in Europe, 252, 314
Devereux, Robert, 3rd Earl of Essex, 11, 14, 230
Dixwell, John, 168, 196, 207, 308–10, 322–3
Dorislaus, Isaac, 36, 38, 44, 75, 76–7, 220, 273;
assassination of, 77–8, 80, 81, 263, 288
Dorset, Earl of, 213
Dover, Earl of, 240
Downes, John, 50, 213*, 237
Downing, Sir George: espionage and, 4, 262–7, 270;
pursuit of regicides in Europe, 261, 264–72, 309, 322;
royalist envoy to the Netherlands, 261, 264–72, 290;
republican background of, 261–3, 269–70;
Commonwealth emissary to the Netherlands, 262–3;
switch to royalist cause, 263–4;
failed abduction of Dendy, 270–1;
captures of regicides in Holland, 274–8, 313, 320;
death of (1684), 323–4
Drake, William, The Long Parliament Revived, 247
Dubois, Monsieur, 294, 299–300
Dunbar, Battle of (3 September 1650), 84, 109
Edgehill, Battle of (23 October 1642), 11, 12–13, 86
Eikon Basilike (‘The King’s Image’), 67–9, 73, 75, 78, 79
Elizabeth, Lady (daughter of Charles I), 51
Endecott, John, 202–3, 255–6, 257, 258, 259
espionage and intelligence, 3–4, 74–5, 242;
Aphra Behn and, 4, 266, 315, 316;
George Downing and, 4, 262–7, 270;
royalist, 4, 74, 75, 84–5, 264–7, 270, 297–304, 306, 315–16, 321;
Commonwealth network, 78–9, 83, 84, 85;
agents provocateurs (trepanners/’decoy ducks’), 83, 292;
Protectorate and, 88–9, 90, 91, 92–5, 96, 101, 102, 103–4, 107;
code-breaking, 90;
Gerard plot (1654) and, 92–5;
scrutiny of regicides’ wives, 286, 297;
interception of fugitives’ mail, 297, 300, 302, 303, 306;
use of double-agents, 302, 315;
see also Thurloe, John
Evelyn, John, 83, 198, 199, 219–20, 240, 241
Ewer, Isaac, 23, 26, 29
Exparch, William, 81
Fagge, John, 138
Fairfax, Lady Alice, 41, 49–50, 72, 184, 228
Fairfax, Thomas, 19, 21–2, 25, 28, 64, 90, 95, 114–15, 170–1;
change to royalist side by, 3, 126, 135, 230;
army remonstrance and, 24, 37;
absentee from trial of king, 37, 41;
receives Prince of Wales’ pleas for mercy, 59;
resigns commission (1650), 84
Fifth Monarchists, 30*, 99, 108, 111, 113, 161–2, 181, 221, 281;
Venner’s uprising (January 1661), 249–50
Finch, Heneage, 167, 172, 190, 191, 204, 247, 323;
as prosecutor at regicide trial, 213, 219, 220–1, 223, 238
Finch, Lord, 204–5
Fitzjames, John, 92
Fleetwood, Charles, 99, 105, 114, 116, 117, 133, 189, 193;
Committee of Safety and, 122, 132–3;
Monck and, 129, 130
Fleetwood, George, 213*, 219, 239, 302
Forbes, Sir Arthur, 145, 146
Foster, Lord Chief Justice, 283–4
Fox, George, 108
Fox, Somerset, 93–4
France, 16, 56, 128, 284–5, 286–7, 290, 298, 301;
Charles II’s exile and, 9, 14, 70, 78, 263;
overtures to Ludlow, 316–17;
Charles II’s secret treaty with, 318, 320, 321
Gadbury, John, 186
Garland, Augustine, 38, 239, 246, 302
Gauden, John, Bishop of Worcester, 68
Geneva, 206, 288–91, 297
Gerard, John, 91, 92, 93–4
Gerard, Lord, 91, 92
Germany, 74, 182, 266–7, 268, 269, 272, 274–5, 285, 286, 309, 311–12, 322
Giffen (or Govan), William, 194, 254
Gittins, Richard, 233
Globe Theatre, Shakespeare’s, 268
‘Glorious Revolution’ (1688), 39, 324, 325
Gloucester, Duke of, Henry (son of Charles I), 51, 55–6, 79, 166, 176, 177;
attends Lords’ death list discussions, 203, 210;
death of (September 1660), 247
Godwin, William, 193
Goffe, Frances, 286, 308
Goffe, Dr Stephen, 63
Goffe, William, 63, 111, 116, 207;
Angel of Hadley and, 1–2, 318–19;
escape to America, 1–2, 167–8, 182, 202–3, 244, 255–6;
royalist hunt for in America, 255–61, 322–3;
cave on Providence Hill, 258–9, 261, 306, 307, 319;
hides in Milford cellar, 261, 306;
revival of search for (1664), 306–10
Goodwin, John, 192
Gookin, Daniel, 168, 202, 309
Govan, William, 194, 254
great fire in London (1666), 313–14
Grenville, Sir John, 95, 126, 128, 150–2, 162–3, 166
Grey, Lord Thomas, 53, 200
Griffith, Matthew, The Fear of God and the King, 156
Grimston, Sir Harbottle, 171, 172, 181, 205–6, 248, 290
Guernsey, 281, 284
Guizot, François, 118, 135, 138, 139, 140–1, 158
Gumble, Thomas, 127, 138
Guthrie, James, 194, 254
Gwyn, Nell, 317–18
Hacker, Francis, 42, 47, 51, 52, 152, 159, 184, 241;
execution of king and, 57, 59, 60, 61, 201, 231;
placed on death list, 201, 203, 204, 205, 207;
trial of, 210, 231, 239, 240
Hadley (New England), 307–8, 309;
Angel of (folk tale), 1–2, 318–19
The Hague, 32, 56, 63–4, 71, 75–8, 166, 224, 264, 270, 312, 315
Halsall, Sir Edward, 81
Hamburg, 74–5, 285, 286
Hamilton, Duke of, 83, 185, 204
Hammond, Robert, 20, 25, 26
Hampton Court palace, 19, 20, 92, 93, 102, 108
Hanau (Prussian town), 268, 269, 271, 309, 322
Harnett (or Arnett), William, 81–2
Harrington, Sir James, 314
Harrison, Thomas, 29, 48, 99, 116, 161–2, 181, 182, 207;
calls Charles I ‘man of blood’, 20, 30, 221;
meets C
harles I on road to Windsor, 30, 31, 222;
boycotts Cromwell’s funeral, 111;
trial of, 212, 216, 217–18, 220, 221–4;
execution of, 235, 240, 249
Harrison, Thomas (Governor of Massachusetts), 308
Harvey, Edmund, 237, 238, 239
Harvey, William, 12–13
Haselrig, Sir Arthur, 111, 114, 115, 131, 132, 189, 203, 204, 245;
in Rump Parliament (May-October 1659), 118, 119, 120, 122, 123–4;
conflict with Lambert, 120, 122, 123;
coup (October 1659) and, 122, 123–4;
as leader in Rump (from December 1659), 136, 141;
Monck and, 141, 142, 148, 154, 159, 205;
saved by pact with Monck, 154, 205;
death of (January 1661), 205, 249
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 319
Heath, James, 253
Henning, B.D., History of the House of Commons, 157
Henrietta Maria, Queen, 20, 26, 56, 63, 78, 110, 137, 175, 199, 247
Henry VIII, King, 66
Henshaw, Thomas, 92, 94
Herbert, Philip, Earl of Pembroke, 55, 198
Herbert, Sir Thomas, 27, 30, 48, 54–5, 231–2;
funeral and burial of Charles I and, 64, 65, 66
Hertford, Marquis of, 12
Heveningham, William, 213*, 216, 218, 237, 239–40
Hewson, John, 131–2, 182, 207, 232, 233, 268–9, 270, 271;
exile in Europe, 267, 269, 322
High Court of Justice, 35–6, 37–43, 44–52;
establishment of, 23*, 33, 222, 273;
sittings in Painted Chamber, 36, 37, 48, 49;
king’s refusal to recognise at trial, 46, 47, 48, 70;
see also trial of Charles I
Hobbes, Thomas, 70
Holland see Netherlands
Holland, Cornelius, 168–9, 181, 207, 289, 293*, 294, 322
Holland, Earl of, 83, 185, 204
Holles, Denzil, 213, 214, 290
Holmby House (Northamptonshire), 19, 186–7, 196, 224, 267, 319, 320
Holmes, Clive, 23*
Hopkins, Sir William, 26
Howard, Charles, 117
Howard, Thomas, 263–4
Howell, William, 164
Hulet (or Hewlet), William, 188, 189, 207, 227, 230, 232–3, 234, 239
Hummel, Johann Heinrich, 294
Huncks, Hercules, 52, 59–60, 146, 229, 231, 234
Hurst Castle (the Solent), 18, 25, 26–7, 29
Hutchinson, John, 4, 38, 173–4, 323
Hutchinson, Lucy, 4, 174, 196
Hyde, Edward, Lord Clarendon: bribery and, 4, 191;
Charles II’s sex life and, 4, 211, 282;
history written by, 4;
trial of Charles I and, 41;
on prince’s reaction to father’s death, 63;
exile with Prince of Wales, 75, 113;
as emissary to Spanish court, 81, 82;
links to murder of Ascham, 82;