Index
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Aaroe, Gene 79–80
Abe, Shinzo 125, 234, 236–7, 242, 243–4, 253
on 2012 re-election: and Abenomics 305–11, 315–17; and China 311–14, 316; and constitutional change 313–14; and Russia 341n16
Beautiful Country 237
Abegglen, James 90–91, 95, 167–8, 179
Abenomics 305–11, 315–17
Afghanistan 195, 241
ageing 160–64, 167
Ainu people 49–50
Akihabara Electric Town 210
Akihito, Emperor 17
Almighty Medicine 108
Always: Sunset on Third Street 93–4
Amataresu, sun goddess 46–7
Amritsar massacre 222
anatomy 62
ancestor veneration 33
animism 33, 46–7, 52
Aomori 80
Apple 170, 173
apprenticeships xxviii–xxix, 290
Arai, Hiroko 232–3
Asahara, Shoko 108
Asahi 78, 80
Asia
Hatoyama and relations with 244–6, 251–4
Japanese relations and the legacy of history 219–35
and the withdrawal of Japan 55–70, 81–2, 238, 245, 254
Asian Development Bank 307
asset prices 102, 118, 126, 181
Aum Association of Mountain Wizards 108
Aum Shinrikyo 104, 108–9
Aum Supreme Truth 108
Aung San 70
auto industry see car industry
Badd Girls 193
Bando Mitsugoro VIII 136
Bank of Japan 102, 114, 130, 144, 306, 307–8
banking system 102, 103, 115, 118, 121, 124, 129–30, 135
interest rates see interest rates
and Takenaka 141–4
Basho, Matsuo 45–6
Bataan Death March 228–9
Batavia 60
Bell Laboratories 89
Benedict, Ruth: The Chrysanthemum and the Sword 35–6, 46, 50
Bernanke, Ben 130
Bhutan 178
birth rates 161–2
Blacker, Carmen 64
bond market 124–5
Boston Consulting Group 91
Brandt, Willy 220–21
Brazil 165, 167, 173, 205
Britain
Amritsar massacre 222
and Burma 70
economy 119, 120, 145; post-war 117; recession 128
first Opium War 57, 66
foreign business acquisitions 311
and Japan 60; Anglo-Japanese alliance (1902) 68; and geography 233–4
pre-emptive austerity 128
shipbuilding 86
women workers 164
brothels 230, 243
Buddhism 33, 58, 294
Bulova 89
bunraku puppetry xxviii
burakumin caste 49
bureaucracy/bureaucrats 58, 84, 97, 125, 223, 286
bureaucratic culture 260
and Hashimoto 199
and Hatoyama 250, 281
and Koizumi 140, 147, 149–50
loss of public trust 279, 285, 287
and MacArthur 33, 80
Ministry of Finance bureaucrats 142, 250, 328n6
MITI bureaucrats 86, 88
and the ‘nuclear village’ 264–9, 272, 274, 277–8
sarin attack on bureaucrats 183
university training of bureaucrats 108
and women workers 164
Burma 70, 73
Buruma, Ian 52, 59, 224, 226
The Course of Our Country 230
business conglomerates (zaibatsu) 81, 92
business practice see company culture and business practice
caesium, radioactive 28, 275
calendar, western 62
calisthenics xxix, xxxi
Cameron, David 222
Campbell, Kurt 246
cancer 276
Canon 172
Capital Hotel, Rikuzentakata 4, 5, 7, 12, 25, 26, 295–6
capital market deregulation 102
capitalism xxix–xxx
stakeholder–shareholder balance xxix–xxx
stakeholder model 120
car industry 87–8, 96, 145, 270
Japanese cars built outside Japan 166
carbon emissions 270, 271
cash hoarding 114–15
Chang’an 58
Chengdu 312
Chernobyl nuclear disaster 260, 265, 275–6
Chiba, Akira 45, 51
child poverty 212
childcare 129, 164, 205, 206
Chile earthquake (1960) 24, 296
China/the Chinese
ageing 162
Communist Party 133, 219
Dutch massacre of Chinese in Batavia 60
economy 117, 174, 220
foreign business acquisitions 311
and Japan xxxiv–xxxv, 32, 33, 52, 57–9, 60, 303; and Abe 311–14, 316; anti-Japanese demonstrations (2005) 235; anti-Japanese demonstrations (2012) 312; break between the two cultures 58–9, 61–6; and China’s 1964 nuclear test 264; Chinese influence on Japanese culture 57–8; Chinese workers in Japan 166; Chinese view of Japan as a peripheral nonentity 58; and Deng Xiaoping 220; economy comparison 117, 174, 220; and Hatoyama and his government 244–6, 251–4; history’s legacy of continuing troubled relations 219–35; invasion of China (1937) 73, 228, 232; invasions of Manchuria see Manchuria: and Japan; Japanese debt recovery and demand from China 143; Japanese factories/call centres in China 166, 169; under Koizumi 221, 234–5; and Manchuria see Manchuria: and Japan; and the manufacturing industry xxi, 145, 169; Nanjing massacre 78, 228–9; and the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands 251–3, 311–13, 316; trade 143, 145, 235, 253; and the US 238–9, 313, 316; war of 1895 67, 68; World War II 69
Manchurian invasion of China 63
military ascendancy 220
Ming Dynasty 63
nuclear test (1964) 264
Opium War, first 57, 66
science, Chinese vs western 62–3
seafaring vessel ban 31
Tang Dynasty 58
Tiananmen Square 219
unequal port treaties 57, 64
World War II 69
and the WTO 156
youth nationalism 219
Choshu 236, 247
Christianity 31, 45, 55, 59–60, 61
Catholicism 59
missionaries 59
civil society xxxiii, 71, 269, 284–9
class 49, 118, 155
Class-A war criminals 221, 225–6
Clinton, Bill 249
Clyde 86
Cold War 81, 84, 104, 158, 239, 245, 246
colonialism 56, 57
‘comfort women’ 230, 243
communism 81, 84, 197, 236, 237
Communist Party of China 133, 219
Marxism 72, 230, 237–8
company culture and business practice 90–93, 118, 120–21, 148
convoy system 92
corporate restructuring xxxiii, 121, 144, 179, 182, 207
foreign acquisitions 173–4, 311
globalization 317
graduate recruitment 180–81, 182
kaizen (continuous improvement) 90
keiretsu relationships 92, 101
lifelong employment 90, 93, 148, 186
and
the post-industrial era 172–3
and recovery from debt 143–4
and retirement age 163, 164
and Takenaka’s view of no company ‘too big to fail’ 143
and women returners 206
complacency xxi, 24, 95, 304
computers 94
Confucianism 33, 58, 67
cooperatives 198
Council on Economic and Fiscal Policy 140
crime
Class-A war criminals 221, 225–6
rates xx, xxv, xxix, 116, 122, 259
Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal 81, 225
and the US–Japan Status of Forces Agreement 248–9
violent 104, 122, 204, 210, 211 see also terrorism; legislation on domestic violence 211–12; rape see rape; US 96
Curtis, Gerald 154, 158, 268, 281
Dalai Lama 33
Danjuro Ichikawa IX 68
de Gaulle, Charles 93
debt, national
Japan xxvii, xxxiii, 115–16, 123–7, 146–7, 271, 283, 306
US xxi, 126–8
Defence Agency 139, 243
Defence Ministry 243
deflation 114–15, 119, 123, 127, 130, 144, 163, 179, 303, 306–7, 308–9
Deftech (rap band) 295
Dejima 32
Deming, William 91–2
democracy xxviii, 78, 80, 133, 152, 221–2, 269, 281, 287
‘Taisho democracy’ 71–2
Democratic Party of Japan 149, 244–7, 251, 279–83
post-tsunami public dissatisfaction with 279–83
demographics 160–65, 168
Deng Xiaoping 220
deregulation 101, 129, 145, 147–8, 153
under Abenomics 310
of capital market 102
of energy 310
Diamond, Jared 32
Diaoyu islands 251–3, 311–13, 316
dissections 62
divorce 211–12, 334n12
Narita 212
Dodge, Joseph 85
domestic violence 211–12
Domestic Violence Prevention Law 211
Dower, John xxi–xxii, 67, 80, 223, 249, 303, 304, 305, 340n1
Dulles, John Foster 84
Dutch East Indies 73
earthquakes 5–6
1854 Ansei Earthquake 6
1923 Great Kanto earthquake 72, 77, 304
1995 Kobe earthquake xxxiii, 104, 106–7, 240, 284
2011 earthquake xix, xx, 5, 6–7, 13, 14, 315; epicentre 6; nuclear crisis after see Fukushima Daiichi nuclear crisis; size 6; and Tokyo 7, 13, 15–17, 18–19, 25
Chile (1960) 24, 296
Niigata 266, 267
undersea megathrust 6
Eberstadt, Nicholas 119
economy of Japan xxii, xxxiii–xxxiv, 35, 55, 82–7, 93–8, 100–103, 113–30
and the abandoning of nuclear power 271
Abenomics 305–11, 315–17
and asset prices 102, 118, 126, 181
and the banking system see banking system
bond market 124–5
bubble burst 98, 100–103, 104, 110, 117, 118, 126, 129–30, 303
and cash hoarding 114–15
consumer-led 102
and corporate culture 82
debt xxvii, xxxiii, 115–16, 123–7, 146–7, 271, 283, 306
deflation 114–15, 119, 123, 127, 130, 144, 163, 179, 303, 306–7, 308–9
deregulation see deregulation
and ‘empty affluence’ 93
and the export to import shift 102
and exports 93, 102
film portrayal in Always: Sunset on Third Street 93–4
and the global economy xx–xxi, 117
growth rate 174–6; and ‘life after growth’ 160–79
and immigration 165–7
inflation 85, 94, 124, 127, 306, 307, 309–10, 326n31
Izanagi boom 144–5
and ‘Japanization’ 115–16
Lehman shock 120, 165, 282
and living standards see living standards/per capita income
and managed industrial policy 82
national income-doubling plan 93
as Number Three 117, 174, 317
oil shocks 94, 104
percentage of global output xxi
post-bubble experience and assessment 114–30, 144–8
post-war: catch-up 116–17; economy of production and exports 102; ruins 82, 83–4; and the US 83–6
and property prices 100–101, 102, 103
public expenditure 103, 127, 145–6, 328n26 see also public works
recessions xxvi, 72, 103, 114, 120, 126, 128, 131, 183
recovery under Koizumi 141–8
and the Red Purge 85
revisionist view of 96–7
shares see shares
stimulus packages 103, 131, 308–9
stock market see stock market, Japan
and tax increases 283
and the tsunami 120, 315–16
and the US dollar 101–2
as a US threat 96–8
yen strength 101–2, 145, 169, 270, 307, 308–9
and the youth 123, 174–5, 183
Edo 59, 62 see also Tokyo
Edo era 38–9, 170
education 51, 230–33, 237, 248, 331n24, 333n2
beliefs of Communist influence on 237–8
Chinese 219
Fundamental Law of Education 243
higher see higher education
and nuclear accident downplaying 265
and patriotism 230–32, 335n14
and revisionists 230–33
school textbooks 57, 230–31, 232–3, 248, 265
schools and radiation 277
yutori 333n2
electricity
conservation 270, 273
feed-in tariff 305
market competition 305
production 265; after Fukushima 270–74
shortages following Fukushima disaster xx, 15–16, 18
electronics industry xxvi, 94, 167, 170–71, 253, 332n40
emperor worship 47, 71, 73, 80
employment
apprenticeships xxviii–xxix, 290
business practices see company culture and business practice
casual/non-regular 47, 155, 184, 197, 284
contract workers used at Fukushima 265–6
discrimination against women 164–5, 205, 206–7, 213
health sector 166–7
and identity 197–8
job seeking 180–82
jobs for life 90, 93, 148, 186
labour laws 148, 155, 270
labour market: breakdown 192, 316–17; liberalization 148; shushoku katsudo (screening/mass hiring of graduates) 180–81, 192; two-tiered 265
labour movement see labour movement
labour policy practice 205
lack of see unemployment rates
liberalization of labour market 155
part-time work and workers 118, 163, 164, 175, 184, 192, 197, 210, 212–13
pay see pay
retirement age 163, 164
service sector 166
and social status 182
work ethic 172, 213; Japanese view of US 96; young alternative 198
workforce 47–8, 160–61, 163, 164, 173; health sector 166–7; immigrant 165–7; in manufacturing 169; part-time 118, 163, 175, 184, 192, 197, 210, 212–13; shushoku katsudo (screening/mass hiring of graduates) 180–81, 192; women 164–5, 181–2, 205, 206, 212–13, 214, 331nn26–27
the ‘working poor’ 197
workplace discrimination 205
of young people 181–3, 185–6, 189–91
energy
compensation for loss of nuclear power 271
conservation 270–71, 273
feed-in tariff 305
imports 94
national energy bill 271
nuclear see nuclear power and industry
renewable 271, 272–3
review of national policy 274
English language 33, 167
Entrepreneurial Training for Innovative Communities (ETIC) 188, 198
equality/inequality 118, 121–2, 148, 155–6, 158–9, 284
equal-opportunity legislation 209–10
gender discrimination 164–5, 205, 206–7, 213
Gini coefficient 155, 329n46
women’s 202–16; and the UN Gender Inequality Index 205, 334nn3–4; and work 164–5, 205, 206–7, 213
ETIC (Entrepreneurial Training for Innovative Communities) 188, 198
exports 93, 102
Fallows, James 97
Family Mart 166
family structure 162, 212 see also marriage
fashion 188, 198
fertility rates 160, 161–2, 164
feudal caste system 65, 71
abolition xxxii, 49, 50, 71, 303
overturned by samurai modernizing clique 71
finance ministry 123, 128, 142, 145
Financial Services Agency 142
Financial Times 308
bureau 16
Fiscal Investment and Loan Programme 151
flag, Japanese 231–2, 335n14
food xxiv, 3, 19–20, 83, 175, 189
additives 287
after the tsunami 258, 263, 285, 286
football, Nadeshiko team 206–7
Ford 87
Franzen, Jonathan: Freedom 176
fugu (poisonous fish) 136
Fuji Seitetsu 90
Fuji Xerox 235
Fujiwara, Masahiko 37–41, 45, 155
Dignity of the Nation 37, 38, 40
fukoku kyohei (‘rich country, strong army’) 85, 316
Fukuda, Takeo 137
Fukuda, Yasuo 147
Fukuoka 147
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear crisis 14–15, 257–78
anti-nuclear popular sentiment after 273–8, 304–5
breaching of sea defences 261–2
and contract workers 265–6
dead zone 258–60
and decommissioning 264
efforts to control 14–15, 262–3
electricity shortages following xx, 15–16, 18
evacuation zone 15, 257
firefighting 21
hotspot areas 257–60, 276
hydrogen explosions 17, 257, 262
and Iitate 259–60, 276
long-term health effect expectations 275–6
meltdown 14–15, 267
nationwide nuclear shutdown after 269–70
and Odaka 257–9
Bending Adversity: Japan and the Art of Survival Page 45