9 George III to Spencer, 9 May 1797, Private Papers of Spencer, Vol. II, p.124, quoted in Ehrman, The Younger Pitt, Vol. III, p.25n
10 Wilberforce’s diary, 26 May 1797, R.I. and S.W. Wilberforce, The Life of William Wilberforce, Vol. II, p.219
11 Wilberforce’s diary, 28 May 1797, ibid., p.220
12 30 May 1797, Parliamentary History, Vol. XXIII, p.732
13 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. III, p.129
14 Ibid., p.131
15 Ibid., pp.134–5
16 Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, p.39
17 Malmesbury, Diaries and Correspondence of James Harris, First Earl of Malmesbury, Vol. III, p.355
18 Moira to Northumberland, 15 May 1797, Aspinall, Later Correspondence of George III, Vol. II, p.xxv
19 Auckland to Mornington, 22 April 1798, BL Add Mss 37308, fol.135
20 Tomline, draft account for his Life of Pitt, BL Add Mss 45107(H), fol.14 (notes on reverse side) and fol.15
21 Pellew, The Life and Correspondence of the Right Hon. Henry Addington, Vol. I, p.183
22 30 October 1800, Farington, The Diary of Joseph Farington, Vol. I, p.293
23 Notes by Mrs Tomline, October and November 1801, Stanhope Mss U1590/S5/C41
24 George III to Lord Grenville, 1 June 1797, quoted in Fortescue, The Manuscripts of J.B. Fortescue, Esq., Preserved at Dropmore, Vol. I, p.327
25 Grenville to Buckingham, 3 May 1797, Buckingham, Memoirs of the Court and Cabinet of George III, Vol. II, p.377
26 Windham’s diary, 15 June 1797, p.368
27 Sir Gilbert to Lady Elliot, 3 June 1797, Minto, Life and Letters of Sir Gilbert Elliot, Vol. II, p.405
28 Lord Malmesbury to Lord Grenville, 6 July 1797, Malmesbury, Diaries and Correspondence of James Harris, First Earl of Malmesbury, Vol. III, p.366
29 Ibid., p.355
30 Ibid., p.132
31 Ibid., p.496
32 Ibid., p.498
33 Canning to Leigh, 30 June 1797
34 Pitt to Malmesbury, 14 September 1797, Malmesbury, Diaries and Correspondence of James Harris, First Earl of Malmesbury, Vol. III, p.538
35 Lord Malmesbury to Lord Grenville, 9 September 1797, ibid., p.513
36 Lord Malmesbury to Pitt, 9 September 1797, ibid., p.520
37 Canning to Rev. William Leigh, 27 September 1797, Canning Mss 13
38 Wilberforce to Lord Muncaster, 20 September 1797, Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, p.63
39 Pitt to Addington, 27 September 1797, ibid.
40 Pitt to Dundas, 6 September 1797, ibid., p.64
41 Rose to Pretyman, 26 September 1797, Pretyman Mss 435/44, quoted in Ehrman, The Younger Pitt, Vol. III, p.98
42 Pitt to Secret Agent, 23 September 1797, Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, p.62
43 Malmesbury’s diary, 27 September 1797, Malmesbury, Diaries and Correspondence of James Harris, First Earl of Malmesbury, Vol. III, p.568
44 Earl of Mornington, 22 November 1836, ‘Recollections of Mr. Pitt’s Character’, BL Add Mss 37416, fol.381
45 Pitt to Lady Chatham, 22 October 1797, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/12, fol.478–9
46 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. III, p.172
47 Ibid., pp.173–4
TWENTY-ONE: Caution to the Winds
1 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. III, p.254
2 Blanning, The French Revolutionary Wars 1787–1802, p.195
3 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. III, p.254
4 Copeland, War Speeches of Pitt, pp.228–9, quoted in Reilly, Pitt the Younger, p.277
5 Fox, 14 December 1797, Parliamentary History, Vol. XXXIII, pp.1112–13, quoted in Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, p.77
6 Pretyman to Mrs Pretyman, 1797, quoted in Ashbourne, Pitt: Some Chapters of His Life and Times, pp.346–7
7 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. III, p.247
8 Gee, ‘The British Volunteer Movement 1797–1807’, D. Phil 1981, quoted in Duffy, The Younger Pitt, p.158
9 24 January 1798, Annual Register, 1798, part II, p.6
10 Malmesbury’s diary, 8 May 1804, Malmesbury, Diaries and Correspondence of James Harris, First Earl of Malmesbury, Vol. IV, p.310
11 Pitt to Dundas, 5 May 1798, quoted in Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, p.128
12 Sorel, L’Europe et la révolution française, p.286, quoted in Blanning, The French Revolutionary Wars 1787–1802, p.228
13 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. III, P.257
14 Ibid., p.277
15 Rose, William Pitt and the Great War, p.366
16 See Ehrman, The Younger Pitt, Vol. III, p.140
17 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. III, p.287
18 Ibid., p.299
19 Ibid., p.300
20 Pellew, The Life and Correspondence of the Right Hon. Henry Addington, Vol. I, p.205
21 Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, p.131
22 Pitt to Dundas, 27 May 1798, quoted in ibid.
23 Pitt to Lady Chatham, 28 May 1798, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/12, fol.482
24 George III, 30 May 1798, Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, Appendix, p.xiv
25 Wilberforce’s diary, 28 May 1798, R.I. and S.W. Wilberforce, The Life of William Wilberforce, Vol. II, p.280
26 Pitt to Wilberforce, 30 May 1798, quoted in Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, p.133
27 Auckland, Journal and Correspondence. William Eden Auckland, Vol. IV, p.11
28 Pitt to Pretyman, 19 June 1798, Pretyman Mss HA 119/T108/42/100
29 Pitt to Mrs Pretyman, July 1798, Pretyman Mss T108/42, quoted in Reilly, Pitt the Younger, p.284
30 Pitt to Lady Chatham, 9 July 1798, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/12, fol.484
31 Pitt to Lord Auckland, 1 August 1798, quoted in Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, p.138
32 Rosebery, Letters Relating to the Love Episode of William Pitt, pp.49, 32
33 Pitt to Pretyman, 24 October 1798, Pretyman Mss HA 119/T108/42/110
34 Pretyman Mss T108/44, quoted in Reilly, Pitt the Younger, p.283
35 Dundas to Huskisson, 17 September 1798, BL Add Mss 38735, fol.132
36 Hewitt (ed.), Eyewitnesses to Nelson’s Battles, p.74
37 Ibid., p.84
38 Pitt to Lady Chatham, 30 August 1798, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/12, fol.494–5
39 Pretyman to Mrs Pretyman, undated 435/45, quoted in Ehrman, The Younger Pitt, Vol. III, p.149
40 Napoleon to Las Casas, Rose, William Pitt and the Great War, p.364
41 Accera and Meyer, Marines et révolution, quoted in Blanning, The French Revolutionary Wars 1787–1802, p.196
42 Pitt to Grenville, 29 October 1798, Dropmore IV, 355, quoted in Ehrman, The Younger Pitt, Vol. III, p.201
43 Grenville to Whitworth, no. 36, Most Secret, 16 November 1798, PRO FO 65/41
44 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. III, p.307
45 Ibid., p.324
46 Ashbourne, Pitt: Some Chapters of His Life and Times, p.281
47 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. III, P359
48 Cornwallis, quoted in Watson, The Reign of George III, p.399
49 Clare to Castlereagh, 16 October 1798, quoted in Barnes, George III and William Pitt, p.358
50 21 December 1798, Pretyman Mss, quoted in Ashbourne, Pitt: Some Chapters of His Life and Times, p.285
51 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. III, p.354
52 Auckland to Beresford, 2 February 1799, quoted in Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William
Pitt, Vol. III, p.172
53 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. III, P.387
54 Wilberforce’s diary, 14 December 1798, quoted in Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, pp.166–7
55 Lady Chatham to Rose, 8 December 1798, quoted in Harcourt, The Diaries and Correspondence of the Right Hon. George Rose, Vol. I, p.208
56 George III to Pitt, 13 June 1798, quoted in Rose, Pitt and Napoleon, pp.243–4
TWENTY-TWO: The Dashing of Hope
1 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. IV, p.2
2 Furet, The French Revolution 1770–1814, p.209
3 Grenville to Canning, January 1800, Canning Mss 63
4 Grenville to Pitt, 2 August 1799, Dacres Adams Mss, formerly PRO 30/58/2.58
5 Pitt to Cornwallis, 17 November 1798, quoted in Ehrman, The Younger Pitt, Vol. III, p.186
6 Cornwallis to Major General Ross, 20 May 1799, Correspondence of Charles, First Marquis Cornwallis, Vol. III, pp.100–1
7 Cornwallis to Portland, 13 August 1799, ibid., p.121
8 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. III, p.410
9 Ibid., p.405
10 Holland, Memoirs of the Whig Party, Vol. I, p.92
11 Thomas Grenville to Lord Spencer, 12–13 May 1799, BL Add Mss 75961
12 Dundas to Grenville, 29 July 1799, Fortescue, The Manuscripts of J.B. Fortescue, Esq., Preserved at Dropmore, Vol. V, p.206
13 Pitt to Grenville, 2 August 1799, ibid., p.224
14 Grenville to Mornington, 27 September 1799, BL Add Mss 70927, fol.34
15 Minto, Life and Letters of Sir Gilbert Elliot, Vol. III, p.61
16 Wilberforce’s diary, 18 May 1799, quoted in Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, p.183
17 Grenville to Thomas Grenville, 16 July 1799, Fortescue, The Manuscripts of J.B. Fortescue, Esq., Preserved at Dropmore, Vol. V, p.147
18 Pitt to Windham, 30 August 1799, BL Add Mss 37844, fol.200
19 Pitt to sister-in-law Lady Chatham, 21 October 1799, Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, p.200
20 Chatham to Pitt, 25 September 1799, Dacres Adams Mss, formerly PRO 30/58/2, n65
21 Dundas Papers, Scottish Record Office, Melville Castle Muniments GD 51/1/703/11, quoted in Reilly, Pitt the Younger, p.291
22 Furet, The French Revolution 1770–1814, p.209
23 Ibid., p.215
24 Pitt’s notes, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/197, fol.318
25 Ehrman, The Younger Pitt, Vol. III, p.334
26 Pitt to Dundas, 31 December 1799, Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, p.207
27 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. IV, p.2
28 Ibid., p.26
29 Ibid., p.45
30 Ibid., p.54
31 Lord Holland to Caroline Fox, 21 January 1800, BL Add Mss 51735, fol.165
32 Fox to O’Bryen, 16 July 1800, BL Add Mss 47566, fol.47
33 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. IV, p.61
34 Ibid., pp.64–5
35 See Wilkinson, The Duke of Portland, p.152
36 Minute by George III dated 31 January 1799, Clements Transcripts IX, 021, quoted in Barnes, George III and William Pitt, p.362
37 29 July 1800, Parliamentary History, Vol. XXV, p.494
38 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. IV, pp.77–8
39 Grenville to Dundas, 10 April 1800, quoted in Rose, Pitt and Napoleon, pp.267–8
40 Pitt to Dundas, 4 November 1799, Melville Mss, William L. Clements Library, Michigan
41 Reilly, Pitt the Younger, p.294
42 Mémoires de M. de Bourienne, Ministre d’état sur Napoléon, le Directoire, le Consulat, l’Empire et la Restauration, Vol. IV, p.122, quoted in Blanning, The French Revolutionary Wars 1787–1802, p.223
43 Furet, The French Revolution 1770–1814,
44 Festing, John Hookham Frere and His Friends, p.31
45 Pitt to Addington, 8 October 1800, quoted in Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, p.244
46 Pretyman Mss T108/44, quoted in Reilly, Pitt the Younger, p.298
47 Henry Addington to Hiley Addington, 19 October 1800, Sidmouth Mss 152M/C1800/OZ54
48 Pellew, The Life and Correspondence of the Right Hon. Henry Addington, Vol. I, p.266
49 Ziegler, Addington, p.89
50 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. IV, p.101
51 Ibid., p.121
52 Drummond to Grenville, 4 October 1800, PRO FO 22/38
TWENTY-THREE: Resignation with Hesitation
1 Ashbourne, Pitt: Some Chapters of His Life and Times, p.311
2 16 February 1801, Parliamentary History, Vol. XXXV, p.969
3 R.I. and S.W. Wilberforce, The Life of William Wilberforce, Vol. I, p.26
4 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. IV, p.139
5 Ibid., p.145
6 Pitt to Lord Loughborough, 25 September 1800, Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, p.268
7 Rose, William Pitt and the Great War, p.451
8 Earl Camden, Memorandum on Pitt’s Retirement, 1803–4, quoted in Willis, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research XLIV, no. 110, p.250
9 George III’s diary, 29 January 1801, quoted in Bickley (ed.), The Diaries of Sylvester Douglas, Lord Glenbervie, Vol. I, p.149
10 Harcourt, The Diaries and Correspondence of the Right Hon. George Rose, Vol. I, p.301
11 Ibid., pp.302–3
12 Hathaway, The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt …, Vol. IV, p.136
13 Earl Camden, Memorandum on Pitt’s Retirement, 1803–4, quoted in Willis, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research XLIV, no. 110, p.252
14 Cornwallis Correspondence, Vol. III, p.331, quoted in Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, p.273
15 Harcourt, The Diaries and Correspondence of the Right Hon. George Rose, Vol. I, p.305
16 Earl Camden, Memorandum on Pitt’s Retirement, 1803–4, Willis, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research XLIV, no. 110, p.252
17 George III to Henry Addington, 29 January 1801, Sidmouth Mss 152M/ C1801/OR39
18 Barnes, George III and William Pitt, p.373
19 Ibid., pp.374–5
20 Pitt to George III, 31 January 1801, quoted in Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, p.xxviii
21 Barnes, George III and William Pitt, PP.377–9
22 Pellew, The Life and Correspondence of the Right Hon. Henry Addington, Vol. I. p.287
23 Barnes, George III and William Pitt, p.380
24 Ibid.
25 Pellew, The Life and Correspondence of the Right Hon. Henry Addington, Vol. I, p.288
26 Pitt to Chatham, 5 February 1801, quoted in Ashbourne, Pitt: Some Chapters of His Life and Times, pp.310–11
27 Pitt to Tomline, 6 February 1801, quoted in ibid., p.311
28 Earl Camdenr Memorandum on Pitt’s Retirement, 1803–4, Willis, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research XLIV. no. 110, p.255
29 Malmesbury, Diaries and Correspondence of James Harris, First Earl of Malmesbury, Vol. IV, p.78
30 Ashbourne, Pitt: Some Chapters of His Life and Times, p.310
31 Malmesbury’s diary, 26 February 1801, quoted in Malmesbury, Diaries and Correspondence of James Harris, First Earl of Malmesbury, Vol. IV, p.18
32 Tomline, draft account for his Life of Pitt, BL Add Mss 45108(F). fol.20–1
33 Ibid., fol.20
34 Pitt to Dundas, 25 July 1800, Melville Mss, William L. Clements Library, Michigan
35 Tomline, draft account for his Life of Pitt, BL Add Mss 45107(H), fol.16
36 Fox to O’Bryen, 16 February 1801, BL Add Mss 47566, fol.72
37 St
anhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, p.280
38 Lady Malmesbury to Lady Minto, 8 February 1801, Minto, Life and Letters of Sir Gilbert Elliot, Vol. III, p.198
39 Pretyman Mss T108/44, quoted in Reilly, Pitt the Younger, p.301
40 Malmesbury’s diary, 14 March 1801, quoted in Ziegler, Addington, p.96
41 16 February 1801, Parliamentary History, Vol. XXXV, pp.962–3
42 Ibid., p.969
43 Ibid., p.970
44 Pretyman Mss, quoted in Rose, William Pitt and the Great War, PP.442–3
45 See Ehrman, The Younger Pitt, Vol. III, p.525
46 Rose, William Pitt and the Great War, p.444
47 George III to Pitt, 18 February 1801, quoted in Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, p.xxxii; see also note on p.xxiii: ‘The note of Feb. 18, 1801, beginning “My dear Pitt,” is the only one of the whole series which thus commences, and seems to have been both intended and accepted as a token of especial regard.’
48 Harcourt, The Diaries and Correspondence of the Right Hon. George Rose, Vol. I, p.308
49 Ibid., p.309
50 Reilly, Pitt the Younger, p.303
51 Pelham to Malmesbury, quoted in Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, p.296
52 Wilberforce’s diary, quoted in ibid., p.298
53 Ibid., p.299
54 Ibid., p.294
55 Malmesbury, Diaries and Correspondence of James Harris, First Earl of Malmesbury, Vol. IV, p.34
56 Stanhope, Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. III, p.303
57 Ehrman, The Younger Pitt, Vol. III, p.528
58 Rose to George III, quoted in Harcourt, The Diaries and Correspondence of the Right Hon. George Rose, Vol. I, p.360
59 Ibid., p.329
60 Canning to Pitt, 8 March 1801, quoted in Ashbourne, Pitt Some Chapters of His Life and Times, p.319
61 Malmesbury’s diary, 8 March 1801, Malmesbury, Diaries and Correspondence of James Harris, First Earl of Malmesbury, Vol. IV, p.36
62 Dundas to Pelham, 11 March 1801, quoted in Ashbourne, Pitt: Some Chapters of His Life and Times, p.322
63 Malmesbury, Diaries and Correspondence of James Harris, First Earl of Malmesbury, Vol. IV, p.81
TWENTY-FOUR: The Limits of Magnanimity
William Pitt the Younger: A Biography Page 73