64. For the full story of this incident, see: Phillips, Running with Bonnie and Clyde, 173–78.
65. Blanche Barrow interview, November 18, 1984.
66. “Boots” Hinton interview, August 15, 2001.
67. Marie Barrow interview, August 24, 1984; Buddy Barrow, e-mail, September 16, 2002.
68. Linder interview, October 5, 2002.
69. Ibid.
70. Ibid.
71. During a 1934 telephone conversation, Billie Jean explained why she had not gone to work that day, saying, “I don’t think they like me. They think I’m too hard-boiled. I can’t please the public. No need trying.” Later, in yet another telephone conversation, Emma Parker tells Cumie Barrow that her daughter, because of who she is [the sister of a wanted fugitive and the wife of convicted burglar Fred Mace], has been forced to leave Dallas to find a job. “I know she can find a job where she’s gone. She can’t find work in Dallas.” Dallas Police Department telephone wiretap transcript, April 18, 1934, 6; April 29, 1934, 59.
72. Dallas Dispatch, May 31, 1934.
73. For the full story of this incident, see Phillips, Running with Bonnie and Clyde, 181–84.
74. Marie Barrow interview, April 19, 1995; Buddy Barrow interview, October 26, 2002.
75. Dallas Daily Times-Herald, May 25, 1934. The three men were identified as Russell Mullins, Guy Thompson, and Jim Forrester.
76. In 1954 Barrow was sentenced to two years for forging a six-dollar check. Dallas Daily Times Herald, October 14, 1954.
77. Buddy Barrow interview, October 26, 2002.
78. Linder interview, October 5, 2002.
79. Blanche Barrow interviews, September 24, November 3, and November 18, 1984.
80. Blanche Barrow interview, November 18, 1984. Marie Barrow added, “and he [Jones] had a bunch of good-looking brothers too!” Marie Barrow interview, September 25, 1993.
81. Biffle, e-mails, December 24 and 27, 2002, January 15, 2003.
82. Linder interview, October 5, 2002. Despite the rebuff, Lillian attended her daughter’s funeral.
83. Blanche Barrow interview, November 3, 1984.
Bibliography
Public Documents
Dallas County Sheriff’s Department. W. D. Jones, Voluntary Statement #B-71, November 18, 1933. Dallas Public Library, Texas/Dallas History Archives.
Dallas Police Department. Mug book. Dallas Public Library, Texas/Dallas History Archives.
Dallas Police Department, File #6048. Clyde Chestnut Barrow. Dallas Public Library, Texas/Dallas History Archives.
Dallas Police Department. Handwritten transcript of telephone wiretaps of the Barrow, Brown, Lefors, and Parker residences, April 18, 1934–April 30, 1934. Dallas Public Library, Texas/Dallas History Archives.
Fort Worth Police Department. File #4316, Clyde Barrow. Dallas Public Library, Texas/Dallas History Archives.
Louisiana State Board of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics. Certificate of Death, Clyde Chestnut Barrow, May 23, 1934.
Polk County (Iowa) Arrest Record. Blanche Barrow, July 24, 1933.
State of Missouri, Board of Probation and Parole. Letter from Robert C. Edson, director, to Mrs. Blanche Barrow, April 16, 1940.
State of Missouri. Conditional Pardon, Blanche Caldwell Barrow, March 22, 1939.
State of Oklahoma, McCurtain County, Marriage License and Certificate, issued July 2, 1931, recorded July 11, 1931, page 280, Marriage record 16.
State of Oklahoma, Methvin v. State, No. A9060, Criminal Court of Appeals of Oklahoma, September 18, 1936. Barker Texas History Center.
State of Texas, County of Dallas. Certified copy certificate of birth, no. 15965, July 30, 1943.
State of Texas, Texas Department of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Standard certificate of birth, Betty Sue Hill, November 22, 1944.
State of Texas, Texas Prison System. “Annual Report for the Year Ending December 31, 1929.” Barker Texas History Center.
State of Texas, Texas Prison System. File #63527, Clyde Barrow. Barker Texas History Center.
State of Texas, Texas Prison System. File #72718, Hilton Bybee. Barker Texas History Center.
State of Texas, Texas Prison System. File #54953, Charlie Frazier. Barker Texas History Center.
State of Texas, Texas Prison System. File #70383, Ralph Fults. Barker Texas Archives.
State of Texas, Texas Prison System, File #65949, Henry Methvin. Barker Texas History Center.
State of Texas, Texas Prison System. File #61455, Joe Palmer. Barker Texas History Center.
State of Texas, Texas Prison System. File #69384, Roy Thornton. Barker Texas History Center.
State of Texas, Texas Prison System. Letter from William M. Thompson to Doug Walsh, May 17, 1932. Dallas Public Library, Texas/Dallas History Archives.
State of Texas, Texas Prison System. Minutes of the Texas Prison Board, March 1 and August 3, 1930. F. L. Tiller, secretary. Barker Texas History Center.
State of Texas, Texas Prison System. Special Escape Report, Raymond Hamilton, January 16, 1934. Barker Texas History Center.
U. S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Criminal Investigation. Identification Order No. 1211, October, 24, 1933. Dallas Historical Society.
U. S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Criminal Investigation. Memo to Doug Walsh, May 4, 1933. Dallas Public Library, Texas/Dallas History Archives.
U. S. Department of the Navy. Odell B. Lamb, U. S. Navy, form FL 3-39, February 17, 1949.
Books
Andrist, Ralph K., ed. The American Heritage History of the 20’s and 30’s. New York: American Heritage Publishing Co., 1970.
Baker, Eugene, ed. Blanche Barrow, The Last Victim of Bonnie and Clyde: Prison Letters from 1933 to 1936. From the Collection of Mary Ann and Robert E. Davis. Waco: Texian Press, 2001.
Boucher, Colleen, ed. Jackson County (Minn.) History. Vol. II. Jackson, Minn.: Jackson County Historical Society, 1979.
Cawelti, John G., ed. Focus on Bonnie and Clyde. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1973.
Cox, William. Osborne Association Annual Report on U.S. Prisons, 1935. New York: Osborne Association, 1935.
Dallas City Directory, 1921 through 1934-1935. Dallas: Worley Publishing, 1921–1935.
Denison (Texas) City Directory, 1929 through, 1934, Dallas: Worley Publishing, 1929–1934.
Fortune, Jan I. Fugitives: The Story of Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker, as Told by Bonnie’s Mother (Emma Krause Parker) and Clyde’s Sister (Nell Barrow Cowan). Dallas: Ranger Press, 1934.
Frost, H. Gordon, and John H. Jenkins. “I’m Frank Hamer”: The Life of a Texas Peace Officer, Austin: State House Press, 1993.
Fulsom, Louise Adams. Prison Stories: The Old Days. Weldon: self published, 1998.
Gordon, Lois, and Alan Gordon. American Chronicle, Year by Year through the Twentieth Century. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1999.
Halperin, Jerome A. United States Pharmacopoeial Dispensing Information, 1991. 17th ed., Volume 1, Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Rockville, Md.: U.S. Pharmacopoeial Convention, 1997.
Hamby, Alonzo L. Man of the People: A Life of Harry S Truman, New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Hamilton, Floyd. Public Enemy #1. Dallas: Acclaimed Books, 1978.
Harding, David. Weapons. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1980.
Hinton, Ted, as told to Larry Grove. Ambush: The Real Story of Bonnie and Clyde. Austin, Tex.: Shoal Creek, 1979.
History of Audrain County, Missouri. St. Louis: O. P. Williams and Co., 1986.
Hounschell, Jim. Lawmen and Outlaws: 116 Years in Joplin History. Joplin, Mo.: Joplin Historical Society, 1993.
Hulston, John K. 100 Years: Bank of Ash Grove, 1883–1983. Springfield, Mo.: Fay Printing, 1983.
Kennedy, David M. Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
King, Evelyn Ball. Collingsworth County, 1890–1984. Dallas, Tex.: Taylor Publishing, 1
985.
Knight, James R., with Jonathan Davis. Bonnie and Clyde: A Twenty-First Century Update. Austin, Tex.: Eakin Press, 2003.
Marquart, James W., Sheldon Ekland-Olson, and Jonathan R. Sorenson. The Rope, the Chair, and the Needle: Capital Punishment in Texas, 1923–1990. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994.
Martin, Steve J., and Sheldon Ekland-Olson. Texas Prisons: The Walls Came Tumbling Down. Austin: Texas Monthly Press, 1987.
McConal, Patrick M. Over the Wall: The Men behind the 1934 Death House Escape. Austin, Tex.: Eakin Press, 2000.
McCullough, David. Truman. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.
McDonald, William L. Dallas Rediscovered. Dallas: Dallas Historical Society, 1978.
Milner, E. R. The Lives and Times of Bonnie and Clyde. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996.
Paxton, William M. Annuls of Platte County (Missouri). Platte City, Mo.: Platte County Historical Society, 1978.
Phillips, Cabell. The New York Times Chronicle of American Life from the Crash to the Blitz, 1929–1939. New York: Macmillan, 1969.
Phillips, John Neal. Running with Bonnie and Clyde: The Ten Fast Years of Ralph Fults. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996.
Polk’s Greater Dallas City Directory, 1960, 1970. Dallas: R. L. Polk, 1960, 1970.
Simmons, Lee. Assignment Huntsville: Memoirs of a Texas Prison Officer. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1957.
Tattersall, Peter D. Conviction: A True Story. Montclair, N.J.: Pegasus Rex Press, 1980.
Treherne, John. The Strange History of Bonnie and Clyde, London: Jonathan Cape, 1984.
Tobin, James. Great Projects: The Epic Story of the Building of America from Taming the Mississippi to the Invention of the Internet. New York, Free Press, 2001
Umphrey, Don. The Meanest Man in Texas: A True Story Based on the Life of Clyde Thompson. Nashville, Tenn.: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1984.
Underwood, Sid. Depression Desperado: The Chronicle of Raymond Hamilton, Austin, Tex.: Eakin Press, 1995.
Unger, Robert. The Union Station Massacre: The Original Sin of J. Edgar Hoover’s FBI. Kansas City: Andrews McMeel Publishing, 1997.
Walker, Donald R. Penology for Profit: A History of the Texas Prison System 1867–1912. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1988.
Wallis, Michael. Pretty Boy: The Life and Times of Charles Arthur Floyd. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992.
Watkins, T. H. The Hungry Years: A Narrative History of the Great Depression in America. New York: Henry Holt Company, 1999.
Webb, Walter Prescott. The Texas Rangers: A Century of Frontier Defense 2d ed., Austin: University of Texas Press, 1965.
Weesner, Robert, ed. History of Dexter, Iowa. Dexter: Dexter Historical Society, 1979.
Articles and Essays
Arnold, Thurman. “The Crash: What It Meant.” In Isabel Leighton, ed. The Aspirin Age, 1919–1941. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1949.
Cartledge, Rick. “Bonnie and Clyde.” Machine Gun News, volume 11, no. 7, July 1993, 12–15.
Edwards, Robert. “A Tale Tom Persell Lived to Tell.” Springfield (Mo.) News-Leader, January 25, 1997.
Gast, Dorothy. “Bonnie and Clyde No Heroes, Victim Says,” Kansas City Star, September 17, 1978.
Jones, W. D. “Riding with Bonnie and Clyde.” Playboy Magazine, November 1968, 151–65.
Knight, James R. “Incident at Alma.” Arkansas Historical Review, vol. 61, no. 4, (winter 1997), 399–426.
McCormick, Harry, as told to Mary Carey. “The Impossible Interview.” Argosy Magazine, vol. 25, no. 2 (February 1958), 42–43, 68–74.
Penland, Curtis. “Bonnie and Clyde: The Vacation That Became a Gun Battle.” Joplin Metropolitan, vol. 23, no. 3 (March 1985), 43–44.
Phillips, John Neal. “Raid on Eastham.” American History Magazine, vol. 35, no. 4 (October 2000), 54–64.
Texas Historical Commission. “Eastham Prison Farm,” Texas State Historical Marker, County Road 230, Weldon, Texas.
Tolbert, Frank X. “Taken for a Ride by Bonnie and Clyde.” Dallas Morning News, March 18, 1968.
Williams, Francis. “The Day Bonnie and Clyde Shot It Out with the Law in Ferrelview.” Discover North, vol. 8, no. 3, (mid-March to mid-April 1974), 4–16.
Newspapers
Amarillo (Tex.) Daily News
Amarillo (Tex.) Sunday News-Globe
Ash Grove (Mo.) Commonwealth
Austin (Tex.) American Statesman
Chandler (Okla.) News-Republican
Cleveland County (Ark.) Herald
Comanche (Tex.) Chief
Daily Oklahoman
Daily Oklahoma Times
Dallas Daily Times-Herald
Dallas Dispatch
Dallas Evening Journal
Dallas Morning News
Denton (Tex.) Record-Chronicle
Des Moines Register
Dexter (Iowa) Sentinel
Enid (Okla.) Morning News
Fairbury (Neb.) News
Fairmont (Minn.) Daily Sentinel
Fort Dodge (Iowa) Messenger and Chronicle
Fort Smith Southwest American
Hope (Ark.) Star
Houston Press
International News Service
Jackson (Minn.) Republic
Joplin (Mo.) Globe
Joplin (Mo.) News Herald
Landmark, Platte City, Mo.
McKinney (Tex.) Daily Courier Gazette
Mexico (Mo.) Intelligencer
Mexico (Mo.) Weekly Ledger
Minneapolis Journal
Okabena (Minn.) Press
Pharos-Tribune, Logansport, Ind.
Pleasanton (Kans.) Observer Enterprise
Prague (Okla.) News Record
Pratt (Kans.) Daily Tribune
Pratt (Kans.) Union
Ruston (La.) Daily Leader
Southwest American, Fort Smith, Arkansas.
Springfield (Mo.) Daily News
Springfield (Mo.) News-Leader
Springfield (Mo.) Press
Stephenville (Tex.) Empire-Tribune
Sunday World-Herald Magazine of the Midlands
Wellington (Tex.) Leader
Unpublished Manuscripts and Correspondence
Allen, James G. “The First State Bank-Bokchito, Oklahoma.” Unpublished manuscript held by the Bryan County Heritage Association, Calera, Oklahoma.
Barrow, Blanche Caldwell. Letter to Matt Caldwell, November 11, 1933.
_____. Letters to her mother. January 14, 1933; January 29, 1936; July 12. 1939.
_____. Unpublished handwritten history of Marcum family.
_____. Four unpublished scrapbooks.
Barrow, Buck. Letter to family, January 16, 1930.
Barrow, Buddy Williams. E-mail to John Neal Phillips, September 16, 2002.
Barrow, Cumie T. Unpublished manuscript, 1933–1934.
Biffle, Kent. E-mails to John Neal Phillips, December 24 and 27, 2002.
Bronaugh, Frank E. Letter to Blanche Barrow, March 30, 1939
Chapler, Keith M, M.D. Letter to Debra Sanborn, May 3, 1974. Dexter (Iowa) Historical Society.
Crawford, Kermit “Curley.” Letter to John Neal Phillips, December 21, 1982.
Griffith, Bill. Letters to Blanche Barrow, February 8, April 7, and August 13, 1936.
Henson, S. C., a. k. a. Joe Wood. Letter to Kent Biffle, September 2, 1980.
Hounschell, Jim. E-mail to John Neal Phillips, February 4, 2002.
Hutzell, Diane, and Cheri Rupp. “Bonnie and Clyde: Hide-Out in Dexter.” Dexter (Iowa) Historical Society.
Kimsey, Shirley I. E-mail to John Neal Phillips, May 6, 2003.
_____. Letters to John Neal Phillips, October 25, 2002; May 7, 2003.
Legg, Walter M., Jr. Letter to John Neal Phillips, September 1, 1982.
Mattix, Rick. E-mail to John Neal Phillips, April 1, 2003.
McCormick, Harry. Unpublished manuscript dealing with Ralph Fults, 1956–66.
Moon, Billie Jean Parker
. Unpublished handwritten history of the Parker and Krause families, 1985.
_____. Unpublished handwritten observations about Bonnie Parker.
_____, and Joyce Huddleston, as told to Clint Kelley. “Bonnie, Clyde, and Me.” unpublished essay.
Ruckdeschel, Carol. Cumberland Island Museum. Letter to John Neal Phillips, January 22, 2002.
Russell, Bud. “The Clyde Barrow–Bonnie Parker Harboring Case.” Unpublished manuscript, 1935.
Sanborn, Debra. “The Barrow Gang’s Visit to Dexter.” Unpublished essay. Dexter (Iowa) Historical Society.
Schwartz, Herb. Notes accompanying a series of photographs made in Dexfield Park, July 24, 1933. Des Moines Register.
Searles, William R. Letter to John Neal Phillips, December 14, 1982; April 21, 1983.
Taulbee, LaVern. E-mails to John Neal Phillips, December 2, 2002; January 15, 2003.
Winkler, Wilbur. Letters to Blanche Barrow July 26, 1937, and October 11, 1937.
_____. Letter to R. B. Bridgeman, January 17, 1936.
_____. Letter to David Clevenger, January 17, 1936.
_____. Letter to Paul V. Renz, May 30, 1936.
Woods, S. O., Jr. Texas Department of Corrections (now TDCJ-ID), letter to John Neal Phillips, March 19, 1985.
Interviews
Baber, George and Frances. Eyewitnesses. Interview by LaVern Taulbee, Platte County, Missouri, November 19, 2002.
Barrow, Blanche Caldwell. Wife of Buck Barrow. Interviews by John Neal Phillips, Kaufman County, Texas, September 24, 1984, November 3 and 18, 1984.
Barrow, Buddy Williams. Clyde Barrow’s nephew, LC Barrow’s stepson. Interviews by John Neal Phillips, Dallas, August 1, 1998; October 26, 2002.
Barrow, Marie. Clyde Barrow’s youngest sister. Interviews by John Neal Phillips, Dallas, August 24, 1984; September 15, 25, and 30, 1993, November 18, 1993; May 25, 1994; April 19, 1995; April 29, May 1, August 1, September 12, and November 30, 1998.
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