3 W. J. Weatherby, Conversations with Marilyn (London: Robson, 1976; Sphere, 1989), p. 55.
4 Ibid., p. 65.
5 Ibid., p. 188.
6 Monroe, Fragments, p. 221.
7 Richard Meryman, ‘Fame May Go By’, Life, 3 August 1962, reprinted in Wagenknecht, Marilyn Monroe, p. 14.
8 Weatherby, Conversations, p. 98.
9 Thanks to Richard Gott for drawing this to my attention in a letter to the London Review of Books, 10 May 2012. In the fictionalised account Weatherby wrote of this relationship, Love in the Shadows (New York: Stein and Day, 1965), he also presents it as heterosexual, inter-racial.
10 Weatherby, Conversations, p. 104.
11 Ibid., p. 105.
12 Ibid., p. 104.
13 Ibid.
14 Banner, Marilyn, p. 122.
15 Weatherby, Conversations, p. 168.
16 Gott, letter to London Review of Books, 10 May 2012.
17 Steinem, Marilyn, p. 178.
18 Ralph Hattersley, ‘Marilyn Monroe – the Image and Her Photographers’, in Wagenknecht, Marilyn Monroe, p. 63.
19 Steinem, Marilyn, p. 90.
20 Ibid., p. 92.
21 Weatherby, Conversations, p. 146
22 Marilyn Monroe with Ben Hecht, My Story (New York: Taylor Trade, 2007), p. 94.
23 Weatherby, Conversations, p. 129.
24 Banner, Marilyn, p. 45.
25 Fragments, p. 223.
26 Ibid.
27 Banner, Marilyn, p. 112.
28 Weatherby, Conversations, pp. 132, 192.
29 Meryman, ‘Fame May Go By’, p.13.
30 Weatherby, Conversations, p. 209.
31 Lena Pepitone and William Stadiem, Marilyn Monroe Confidential (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979), p. 17. Lois Banner chose not to use Pepitone in her biography after research uncovered that she did not speak English, nor Monroe Italian. I have therefore chosen to quote Pepitone only where her observations chime unmistakably with those of others or with other remarks Monroe made about herself. With thanks to Lois Banner for communicating her information on this question.
32 Weatherby, Conversations, p. 91.
33 Ibid., p. 93.
34 Meryman, ‘Fame May Go By’, p. 9.
35 Arthur Miller, Timebends: A Life, 1987 (London: Minerva, 1990), p. 367.
36 Meryman, ‘Fame May Go By’, p. 11.
37 Robert E. Goldberg, ‘When Marilyn Monroe Became a Jew’, as told through her rabbi’s newly released letters, Reform Judaism, Spring 2010, p. 18. My thanks to the editors of Reform Judaism for sending me this article.
38 Strasberg, Marilyn and Me, p. 79.
39 Ibid., p. 76.
40 Banner, Marilyn, p. 189.
41 Monroe with Ben Hecht, My Story, p. 37.
42 Banner, Marilyn, p. 75.
43 I. F. Stone, The Haunted Fifties 1953–1963, preface by Arthur Miller (New York: Little Brown, 1963), p. 5.
44 Fragments, p. 221.
45 Steinem, Marilyn, p. 99.
46 Carl Sandburg, Carl Sandburg’s Abraham Lincoln, The Prairie Years and the War Years, 1925–39, 6 Vols, Vol. 3, The War Years 1864–1865 (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1939), p. 875.
47 Weatherby, Conversations, p. 131.
48 Fragments, p. 228.
49 Weatherby, Conversations, p. 26.
50 Stone, The Haunted Fifties, p. 5.
51 Ibid., p. 7.
52 Ibid.
53 Lincoln Steffens, The Autobiography of Lincoln Steffens, 1931 (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1938), Vol. 2, pp. 402–3.
54 Ibid., p. 494.
55 Ibid., p. 588.
56 Weatherby, Conversations, p. 89.
57 Meryman, ‘Fame May Go By’, pp. 8–9.
58 Sarah Churchwell, The Many Lives of Marilyn Monroe (London: Granta, 2004), p. 246; see also Barbara Leaming, Marilyn Monroe (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998), pp. 190–3.
59 For details see Peter Brown and Patte B. Barham, Marilyn: The Last Take (New York: Dutton, Signet, 1992), p. 266, cited in Churchwell, The Many Lives of Marilyn Monroe, p. 287.
60 Weatherby, Conversations, p. 57.
61 Theodore Dreiser, Sister Carrie, 1900 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), p. 417.
62 Monroe with Ben Hecht, My Story, p. 119.
63 Goldberg, ‘When Marilyn Monroe Became a Jew’, p. 20.
64 Fragments, p. 221.
65 Monroe with Ben Hecht, My Story, p. 121.
66 For a full discussion of the alterations to and publication of this text, see Churchwell, The Many Lives of Marilyn Monroe, pp. 86–7, 112–16, but see also Banner, Marilyn, p. 229. I am inclined to go with Banner on this.
67 Mary McCarthy, The Group, 1963 (London: Virago, 2009), p. 240.
68 Diana Trilling, ‘The death of Marilyn Monroe’, Claremont Essays (London: Secker & Warburg, 1965), p. 240.
69 Berniece Miracle, My Sister Marilyn (Chapel Hill: Algonquin, 1994), p. 50, cited in Banner, Marilyn, p. 78.
70 See Banner, Marilyn, p. 147.
71 Hildegard Knef, The Gift Horse: Report on a Life, trans. David Anthony Palastanga (London: Granada, 1972), p. 272.
72 Banner, Marilyn, p. 151.
73 Ibid., p. 258.
74 Fragments, p. 55.
75 Rosten, Marilyn, p. 30.
76 Norman Mailer, Marilyn (London: Hodder & Stoughton), p. 157.
77 With thanks to Richard Eyre for this personal communication.
78 Meryman, ‘Fame May Go By’, p. 15.
79 Donald Spoto, cited in Churchwell, The Many Lives of Marilyn Monroe, p. 255.
80 Banner, Marilyn, p. 268.
81 Knef, The Gift Horse, p. 279.
82 Norma Barzman, The Red and the Blacklist: The Intimate Memoir of a Hollywood Expatriate (Kilmarnock: Friction, 2005), pp. 91–2.
83 J. Hoberman, An Army of Phantoms: American Movies and the Making of the Cold War (New York: The New Press, 2011).
84 Barzman, The Red and the Blacklist, pp. 97–8.
85 Ibid.
86 Frederick Vanderbilt Field, From Right to Left: An Autobiography (Westport Connecticut: Lawrence Hill, 1983), pp. 299–305, cited in Banner, Marilyn, pp. 388–9.
87 Banner, Marilyn, pp. 290–1.
88 ‘FBI monitored Monroe for communist links’, Guardian, 29 December 2012.
89 I. F. Stone, The Haunted Fifties, p. 252.
90 Ibid., p. 179.
91 Arthur Miller, The Misfits (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1957), p. 81.
92 Fragments, p. 37.
93 Meryman, ‘Fame May Go By’, p. 14.
94 Ibid., p. 4.
95 Laura Mulvey, Death 24X a Second, Stillness and the Moving Image (London: Reaktion, 2006), p. 11.
96 Meryman, ‘Fame May Go By’, p. 11.
97 Marilyn on Marilyn, BBC documentary based on interviews with Georges Belmont and Richard Meryman, 5 August 2012.
98 Weatherby, Conversations, p. 175.
99 All quotes from ‘About Men’, Chapter 21, Monroe with Ben Hecht, My Story, pp. 124–7.
100 Weatherby, Conversations, p. 205.
101 Churchwell, The Many Lives of Marilyn Monroe, p. 114.
102 Weatherby, Conversations, p. 143.
103 Miller, Timebends, p. 326.
104 Miller, After the Fall, Plays, Vol. 2 (London: Methuen, 1988), p. 181.
105 Steffens, Autobiography, p. 833.
106 Ibid., p. 844.
107 Ibid., p. 871.
108 Richard Meryman, ‘A Last Long Talk with a Lonely Girl’.
109 Miller, Timebends, p. 467.
110 Ibid., p. 397.
111 Miller, After the Fall, p 203.
112 Trilling, ‘The death of Marilyn Monroe’, p. 240.
113 Monroe with Ben Hecht, My Story, p. 28.
114 Rosten, Marilyn, p. 15.
115 W. Somerset Maugham, ‘Rain’, Rain and Other South Sea Stories (New York: Dover, 2005), p. 14.
116 Pepitone, Marilyn Monroe, p. 179.
117 Somerset Maugh
am to Marilyn Monroe, 31 January 1961, cited in Banner, MM: Personal, p. 186.
118 Banner, Marilyn, pp. 211–12.
119 Ibid., p. 131.
120 Niagara, screenplay by Charles Brackett, Walter Reisch and Richard Breen, final script 1 March, 1952; Cindy de La Hoz, Marilyn Monroe: The Personal Archives (London: Carlton, 2010), p. 37.
121 For a discussion of the importance of this image of women to cinema, see Mary Ann Doane, Femmes Fatales (New York: Routledge, 1991).
122 Miller, After the Fall, p. 200.
123 Ibid., p. 224.
124 Ibid., pp. 232–3.
125 Miller, Timebends, p. 527.
126 Ibid., p. 485.
127 Meryman, ‘Fame May Go By’, p. 10.
128 Ibid., p. 14.
129 Fragments, p. 6.
130 Alan Levy in Wagenknecht, Marilyn Monroe, p. 36.
131 Marilyn Monroe interviewed by Georges Belmont for Marie Claire, April 1960.
132 Marilyn on Marilyn, BBC documentary.
133 Fragments, p. 59.
134 Meryman, ‘Fame May Go By’, p. 8.
135 Fragments, p. 53.
136 Ibid., p. 57.
137 Ibid., p. 153.
138 Cited in Steinem, Marilyn, p. 150.
139 Fragments, p. 73.
140 Larry McMurtry, ‘Marilyn’, New York Review of Books, 10 March 2011.
141 Fragments, pp. 17, 21.
142 Strasberg, Marilyn and Me, p. 103.
143 Rosten, Marilyn, p. 46.
144 Arnold, Marilyn Monroe, p. 26.
145 Fragments, p. 73.
146 Ibid., pp. 207–13.
147 Marilyn on Marilyn, BBC documentary.
148 Cited in Steinem, Marilyn, p. 93.
149 Cited in Churchwell, The Many Lives of Marilyn Monroe, p. 56.
150 Pepitone, Marilyn Monroe, p. 127.
151 Cited in Churchwell, The Many Lives of Marilyn Monroe, p. 240.
152 Weatherby, Conversations, p. 84.
153 Cited by Simon Callow reviewing Oliver by Philip Ziegler, Guardian, 21 September 2013.
154 Jeffrey Meyers, The Genius and the Goddess: Arthur Miller and Marilyn Monroe (Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 2010), p. 166; cited in Peter Bradshaw, ‘The Magic of Marilyn’, Guardian, 10 May 2012.
155 Cited in Steinem, Marilyn, pp. 38, 42.
156 Belmont, Marie Claire, April 1960.
157 Cited in Diana Trilling, ‘Please Don’t Make Me A Joke’, New York Times, 21 December 1986; see also Churchwell, The Many Lives of Marilyn Monroe, p. 227.
158 Cited in Banner, Marilyn, p. 180.
159 John Banville, ‘Do you want me to be her?’ Guardian, 4 August 2012.
160 Joshua Logan, ‘Can Marilyn Really Act? Her director says “Yes!”’, New York Herald Tribune, 26 August 1956, in Banner, MM: Personal, p. 79.
161 Arnold, Marilyn Monroe, p. 19.
162 Cited in Banner, Marilyn, p. 189.
163 Eugene O’Neill, Anna Christie, 1921 (London: Nick Hern, 2011), Act 3, p. 49.
164 Ibid.
165 Rosten, Marilyn, p. 76.
166 Weatherby, Conversations, p. 59.
167 Pepitone, Marilyn Monroe, p. 148.
II: THE LOWER DEPTHS
4. Honour-bound: Shafilea Ahmed, Heshu Yones and Fadime Sahindal
1 Faqir, ‘Intrafamily femicide’.
2 On acute domestic violence against women, see, for example, Sandra Laville, ‘Revealed: 10,000 living at risk of domestic violence’, Guardian, 27 February 2014.
3 Lila Abu-Lughod, ‘Seductions of the “Honor Crime”’, Saving Muslim Women (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2013).
4 Husseini, Murder in the Name of Honour, pp. 158–61.
5 Unni Wikan, In Honor of Fadime, p. 79.
6 Ibid., p. 7.
7 Husseini, Murder in the Name of Honour, pp. 159–60.
8 Faqir, ‘Intrafamily femicide’, p. 70.
9 James Brandon and Salam Hafez, Crimes of the Community: Honour-Based Violence in the UK (London: Centre for Social Cohesion, 2008), p. 57.
10 Ibid., p. 6.
11 Ibid., p. 43, my emphasis.
12 Fadia Faqir, My Name Is Salma (London: Doubleday, 2007), p. 95.
13 Brandon and Hafez, Crimes of the Community, p. 31.
14 Ibid., p. 32.
15 ‘Crimes of Violence and Honour: Equality, Human Rights and the “Honour Code”’, panel discussion with Aileen McColgan, Pragna Patel, Jacqueline Rose and Jasvinder Sanghera, chaired by Ulele Burnham, Doughty Street Chambers, 12 February 2012.
16 Onal, Honour Killing, p. 195.
17 Nadeem Aslam, Maps for Lost Lovers (London: Faber & Faber, 2004), pp. 176, 344.
18 Jasvinder Sanghera, Shame (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2007), pp. 7, 11.
19 Ibid., p. 139.
20 Shafilea Ahmed trial: Wednesday | Border–ITV News–ITV.com, www.itv.com/news/border/2012-05-23/shafilea-ahmed-trial-wednesday 23 May 2012.
21 Aslam, Maps for Lost Lovers, p. 88.
22 Sanghera, Shame, p. 201.
23 Ibid., p. 213.
24 Aslam, Maps for Lost Lovers, p. 115.
25 ‘Honour killing guilty verdict: profile of the mother Hanim Goren’, Daily Telegraph, 17 December 2009.
26 Faqir, My Name Is Salma, p. 81.
27 Ibid., p. 239.
28 Wikan, In Honor of Fadime, p. 107.
29 Ibid.
30 Faqir, My Name Is Salma, p. 93.
31 Wikan, In Honor of Fadime, p. 163.
32 Ibid., p. 230.
33 Ibid., p. 165.
34 Ibid., p. 45.
35 Ibid., p. 230.
36 Ibid., pp. 85–6.
37 Onal, Honour Killing, p. 164.
38 Brandon and Hafez, Crimes of the Community, p. 6.
39 Lama Abu-Odeh, ‘Crimes of Honour and the Construction of Gender in Arab Societies’, in Feminism and Islam: Legal and Literary Perspectives, ed. Mai Yamani (London: Ithaca Press, 1996), pp. 141–94 (p. 152).
40 Gideon M. Kressel, ‘Sororicide/filiacide: homicide for family honour’, Current Anthropology, 22, 2, 1981, cited in Faqir, My Name Is Salma, p. 69.
41 Abu-Odeh, ‘Crimes of Honour’, p. 153.
42 Ibid., p. 150.
43 Onal, Honour Killing, p. 122.
44 The Qur’an, trans. M.A.S. Abdel Haleem (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), 16:59, p. 169.
45 Onal, Honour Killing, p. 182.
46 Husseini, Murder in the Name of Honour, pp. 41–2.
47 Onal, Honour Killing, p. 92.
48 Ibid., p. 130.
49 Wikan, In Honor of Fadime, p. 228.
50 Cited in Brandon and Hafez, Crimes of the Community, p. 118.
51 Cited in Ghada Karmi, ‘Women, Islam, and Patriarchalism’, in Yamani, Feminism and Islam, p. 70.
52 David Gilmore, ed., Honour and Shame and the Unity of the Mediterranean (Arlington VA: American Anthropological Association, 1987), p. 3, cited in Abu-Odeh, ‘Crimes of Honour’, p. 154.
53 Husseini, Murder in the Name of Honour, p. 153.
54 Aslam, Maps for Lost Lovers, p. 342.
55 Elif Shafak in conversation with Şebnem Şenyener, Upper Wimpole Literary Salon, 8 November 2012.
56 Elif Shafak, Honour (London: Viking, 2012), p. 331.
57 Ibid.
58 Maggie Gee, discussion following Shafak in conversation with Şebnem Şenyener.
59 Ibid.
60 Shafak’s cover is also a bid for freedom. In a Turkish survey in July 2011, 84% of those questioned cited ‘homosexuals’ as those they would least like as neighbours. Homosexuality is rarely openly discussed and even less accepted – ‘even’, Shafak wrote in an article on homophobia in Turkey in 2012, ‘in the gargantuan, cosmopolitan city that is Istanbul’. Attitudes are improving, notably in the media – the occasion for her article was a lawyer issuing a public apology for a homophobic statement about a famous transsexual singer, Bulent Ersoy, the high court ordering a newspaper to pay a fine for sl
andering gays, and an award-winning indie movie about a gay man, a nightclub dancer who dresses as a woman, and who was gunned down by his own father for being homosexual (the film had just gone on general release). Shafak, ‘From homophobia to a moving apology in Turkey’, Guardian, 18 January 2012.
61 William Shakespeare, Much Ado about Nothing (New York: New American Library, 1964), Act 3, scene ii, line 110.
62 Ibid., 4, i, 122–6.
63 Ibid., 4, i, 184–90.
64 John Webster, The Duchess of Malfi (Oxford: Oxford’s World Classics, 1996), Act 2, scene v, lines 23–5, 33–6.
65 Wikan, In Honor of Fadime, p. 87.
66 Faqir, ‘Intrafamily femicide’, p. 73.
67 Husseini, Murder in the Name of Honour, pp. 36–7.
68 Ibid., p. 40.
69 Cited in Jane Connors, ‘United Nations Approaches to “Crimes of Honour”’, in Lynn Welchman and Sara Hossain, ‘Honour’: Crimes, Paradigms, and Violence Against Women (London: Zed, 2005), p. 34.
70 Purna Sen, ‘“Crimes of Honour”, value and meaning’, in Welchman and Hossain, ‘Honour’, p. 57.
71 The Qur’an, 24:33, p. 223.
72 Ibid., 2:229, p. 26.
73 Cited in Husseini, Murder in the Name of Honour, p. 148.
74 Ibid., p. 10.
75 Faqir, ‘Intrafamily femicide’, p. 74.
76 Ibid.
77 Leila Ahmed, Women and Gender in Islam (New Haven: Yale, 1992), p. 91.
78 Karmi, ‘Women, Islam and Patriarchalism’, in Yamani, Feminism and Islam, p. 82.
79 Faqir, ‘Intrafamily femicide’, pp. 74–5.
80 Wikan, In Honor of Fadime, p. 67.
81 Ibid., pp. 124, 125, 134.
82 ‘Shafilea Ahmed’s sister denies making up “wicked” murder evidence’, Daily Telegraph, 30 May 2012.
83 Aslam, Maps for Lost Lovers, p. 137.
84 Alison Dundes Renteln, The Cultural Defense (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 15.
Women in Dark Times Page 32