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Washington Page 131

by Douglas Southall Freeman


  Amity, commerce and navigation, treaty of, 661–62

  Ammunition, supplies of, 210–11, 217–18, 229, 232, 239, 241, 247, 254, 288, 335, 483

  Amory, Jonathan, 259

  Amory, Thomas, 259

  Amson, Dr. John, 118

  Anderson, James, 722, 745, 749, 753

  Anderson, John, 441

  Anderson, Richard, 320

  André, Maj. John, espionage activities of, 443, 445, 447, 449

  Anglo-American relationships, 645, 647, 693, 699

  Annapolis, 6, 184, 187, 189, 510, 524;

  Congress at, 506, 508

  Annapolis Convention, 533, 535

  Annual addresses, of Adams, 707–8, 716, 733;

  of Washington, 642, 658, 688

  Anti-Federalists, 552–54, 556–57

  Appleby School, 2, 7

  Arbuthnot, Admiral Marriott, 425–26, 438, 462, 466, 470

  Armstrong, Gen. John, 133, 168–69, 334, 357, 389, 463, 555

  Arnold, Gen. Benedict, 237, 263, 276, 299, 314, 334, 337–38, 394, 404, 429, 440, 442, 458, 461, 463, 468, 511;

  Canadian expedition of, 244–46, 248–49, 252–53;

  in Philadelphia, 407;

  treason of, 444, 446–47;

  troops of, 239, 463–64, in Virginia, 458

  Articles of Confederation, weakness of, 369, 404, 462, 528, 537, 539–40, 545, 556, 567

  Artillery, American, 248, 325, 339;

  British, 123, 300, 400, 486;

  effectiveness of, 126, 133, 230, 239, 244–45, 255, 256–58, 261, 280, 288, 317, 321, 327, 363, 425, 451, 487;

  French, 472, 479, 484, 487;

  on the frontier, 110, 114;

  siege, 257, 473, 481;

  supplies for, 305, 478

  Ashby, Capt. John, 102

  Ashby’s Bent, 19

  Asia, 273

  Association and Associators, 163, 177, 181–83, 186, 201–2, 207–9

  Augusta, Fort, 131

  Augusta, 363

  Aurora (Philadelphia), Republican newspaper, 656, 669, 686, 690, 703, 708

  Austin, Samuel, 147, 259, 261

  Bache, Benjamin Franklin, editor of the Aurora, 656, 666, 686, 690, 705, 732

  Baker, Surgeon-Dentist, treats Washington, 188–89

  Baldwin, Loammi, 234

  Ball, Lt. Col. Burgess, 423

  Ball, George, 738

  Ball, John, 180

  Ball, Joseph, 16–17

  Baltimore, 215, 314

  Baltimore Horse troop, 733

  Bank of the United States, establishment of, 588, 591, 611–12

  Barbados, Washington visits, 28–31

  Barbary States, piracy of, 581, 609, 634, 642–44, 663, 691

  Barber, Lt. Col. Francis, 456

  Bard, Dr. Samuel, treats Washington, 571, 582

  Barlow, Joel, 737

  Barnes, Richard, 24

  Barney, Capt. Joshua, 501

  Barras, Admiral de, 466, 468, 471, 474–75, 478, 489–90

  Barre, Col. Isaac, 163

  Bassett, Burwell, 178, 185, 495

  Bassett, Frances. See Washington, Frances Bassett

  Bassett, Maj. Henry, 259

  Batavian Republic, 663

  Baylor, George, 235, 333, 412, 426

  Beckley, John, 686

  Beckwith, Maj. George, 583–84

  Bedford, Duke of, 25

  Belvoir, Fairfax family plantation, 9, 16, 18, 21, 23, 27, 31, 47, 68, 70, 142, 172, 191, 205, 504, 722

  Bennington, battle of, 347

  Berkeley, Norborne. See Botetourt, Baron de

  Bermuda Island, 30–31

  Bishop, Thomas, 97

  Blackburn, Thomas, 524

  Blaine, Ephraim, 439

  Blair, John, president of William and Mary College, 121, 171, 548

  Blanchard, Claude, 441

  Bland, Richard, 140, 166, 175, 204, 208

  Bland, Col. Theodorick, 351

  Blaney, David, 661

  Blount, Thomas, 693–94

  Blount, William, 628, 635, 663, 714–15

  Bloxham, James, 530, 600

  Blue Ridge mountains, 1, 13, 19, 27, 50, 101

  Board of War, convening of, 354, 370, 375, 379, 382, 388, 407, 414, 424, 450, 471

  Bonetta, 490

  Borre, Prudhomme de, 364

  Boston, 181, 199–200, 202, 206–7, 218–19, 227–28, 230, 236, 239, 248, 250–52, 255, 258, 264;

  attack on, 242, 279;

  evacuation of, 260–62;

  liberation of, 403;

  occupation of, 209–10, 213–14;

  refugees in, 243–45, 260;

  selectmen of, 259–60, 263;

  Washington visits, 97

  Boston Committee of Correspondence, 207

  Boston Harbor, 197, 200, 233

  Boston Massacre, 181

  Boston Neck, 221

  Boston Port Act, 201, 203–4, 209

  Boston Tea Party, 198–99

  Botetourt, Baron de, Governor of Virginia, 172–73, 175–76, 178, 183–84, 187

  Boucher, Rev. Jonathan, 172, 177, 180, 183–84, 186, 192

  Boudinot, Elias, 386, 503, 562, 683

  Bounty, military, 280, 295–96, 308, 324, 331–32, 373, 415;

  land, 179–81, 185, 190–93, 196, 272, 277

  Bouquet, Col. Henry, and Braddock’s campaign, 122–23, 125–28, 133, 152, 155

  Bowdoin, James, Governor of Massachusetts, 309

  Braam, Capt. Jacob van, interpreter, 37, 40, 42, 48–49, 61–64, 66

  Brackenridge, Hugh H., 651, 653, 669

  Braddock, Gen. Edward, and Ohio campaign, 72–84, 87, 92, 94, 98, 111, 152–53, 215, 286;

  defeat of, 120, 123, 130, 132–34

  Braddock’s Road, 125

  Bradford, David, 651–53, 672, 674, 677, 679

  Bradford, William, 642, 649

  Bradstreet, Col. John, 155

  Brandy wine, battle of the, 349–53, 355, 359, 361, 366, 380

  Brant, Joseph, Indian leader, 658

  Brewer, Jonathan, 237

  Bridges Creek farm, 8

  Broadwater, Charles, 211

  Bronx River, 300

  Brooklyn, campaign in, 285–87

  Brown, Dr. Gustavus Richard, 751

  Buchanan, William, 345

  Bullett, Capt. Thomas, 129–30

  Bull’s Ferry, 439

  Bullskin Creek, 27, 30–31

  Bullskin Plantation, 162

  Bunker Hill, battle of, 226, 228–29, 231–33, 241, 245, 248–49, 261

  Burd, James, 128

  Burgoyne, Gen. John, New England campaign, 277–78, 307, 336, 342, 344, 347, 358, 361;

  surrender of, 365–66

  Burke, Judge Ædanus, 520

  Burke, Edmund, 200

  Burr, Aaron, 647–48, 665, 704

  Burton, Lt. Col. Ralph, 78, 82–85

  Burwell, Robert, 151

  Bushrod, Hannah, 106, 177

  Butler, Gen. Richard, 601

  Byrd, Col. William, 121–23, 126–27

  Byrd family, 11

  Byron, Vice Admiral John, 409

  Cabinet, the, functions of, 619, 621–22, 624–42, 646, 648–52, 659, 664, 667, 669–72, 674–75, 687, 692, 699, 701, 708, 713, 718, 747

  Cabot, George, 666, 681, 730, 739

  Cacapon River, 100

  Cadwalader, Gen. John, 319, 321–26, 328–29, 334, 394, 403

  Cadwalader, Thomas, 727

  Calvert, Benedict, 193

  Calvert, Charles, 193–94

  Calvert, Nelly. See Custis, Eleanor Parke (Nelly)

  Cambridge, military activity at, 228, 230, 233, 239, 242, 245–46, 249, 254–55, 257, 261, 279

  Camden, battle of, 440, 450, 467, 596

  Campbell, Daniel, 32

  Campbell’s Virginia Coffee House, 161

  Canada, 51, 87, 94, 145, 217, 233, 236, 267, 270, 274, 276–77, 281, 379, 412–15, 417, 583, 646–48;

  British in, 271;

  French in, 25, 33–34;
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  frontier of, 614;

  invasion of, 236, 244–46, 248–49, 253–254, 268, 442;

  officials in, 640;

  supplies for, 273

  Capitol, design for, 614, 632, 634, 638, 687, 707. See also Federal City

  Carleton, Sir Guy, 237, 245, 248, 267, 336, 342, 497–98, 505–6, 583

  Carlisle, Earl of, 412

  Carlisle, 123, 127, 152, 168

  Carlyle, John, 27, 48–50, 118, 124

  Carlyle and Adam, 155, 166–68, 180, 185

  Carmichael, William, 602, 616, 631

  Carondolet, Baron Hector de, 616, 623, 628, 631

  Carpenters’ Hall, 205

  Carr, Dabney, 193

  Carrington, Edward, 553, 593, 597, 683, 748

  Carroll, Charles, 267, 273, 383, 663, 697, 727, 739

  Carroll, Daniel, 547, 592

  Cartegena expedition, 6–8, 10, 15

  Carter, Charles, 116–17, 140, 175, 215, 742

  Carter, George, 173

  Carter, Dr. James, 119

  Carter, Landon, 140, 155, 182, 200, 702

  Carter, Robert (“King”), 12

  Carter family, 3, 12

  Cary, Archibald, 155, 175

  Cary, James, 714–15

  Cary, Sally, 31

  Cary, Sarah, 23

  Cary and Company, 153–54, 156, 167, 172, 197

  Cary family, 31

  Casey, Peter, 22

  Casualties, American, 286, 352, 470;

  at Bennington, 348;

  Braddock’s campaign, 86;

  British, 236, 332, 337;

  at Bunker Hill, 226;

  at Fort Necessity, 61–62;

  frontier, 105, 113;

  at Germantown, 360;

  Hessian, 363;

  and Indian raids, 92;

  at Monmouth, 400;

  New York, 105, 286;

  at Princeton, 322;

  at Quebec, 267;

  St. Clair’s troops, 601;

  at Staten Island, 348;

  at Stony Point, 421;

  Sullivan’s troops, 425;

  at Yorktown, 489

  Cates Marsh, 19–20

  Catlett, Capt. Thomas, 423

  Cattle. See Livestock

  “Caunotaucarius,” Indian name for Washington, 45

  Cavalry, American, 340, 355, 384, 389;

  Baylor’s, 426;

  British, 392, 400;

  Regiments of, 332, 374–76, 414, 429, 494, 628

  Census of 1790, 602

  Centurion, 71

  Chad’s Ford, 349–52

  Chambly, Fort, 244

  Champlain, Lake, 73, 237, 278, 299, 336, 614

  Chapman, Maj. Nathaniel, 72, 77

  Charleston, siege of, 206, 214, 228–29, 231–32, 248, 261, 281, 298, 347, 422, 433, 435–36, 494, 496–97, 499, 624, 626–28

  Charon, 484

  Chase, Samuel, 266–67, 273, 689

  Chasseurs, French, 461

  Chastellux, Marquis de, 466, 473, 475, 499

  Chatterton’s Hill, 300–2

  Cheat River, 522

  Chehaw Neck, 498

  Chesapeake Bay, 13, 335, 347–48, 404, 458–59, 462, 466, 471, 474, 476–77, 494, 498, 522

  Chew House, 134, 358, 544

  Chiswell, Fort, 175

  Choisy, Marquis de, 481, 483, 486, 492

  Chotank Farm, 3, 8, 21–22

  Christ Church, 518, 746

  Church, Dr. Benjamin, 227–28, 240–41

  Cincinnati, Society of the, 404, 520, 528, 535, 538–39, 542, 571, 706

  Circulars to the States, 502–3

  Citoyen Genet, 629

  City Gazette (Charleston), 595

  Claiborne, William, 116–17

  Clark, Abraham, 333, 643–44, 646–47

  Clark, Maj. George Rogers, 641

  Clark, Maj. Jonathan, 423

  Clarkson, Matthew, Mayor of Philadelphia, 638

  Chaudière River, 244

  Claypoole, David C., editor, 701, 704

  Clayton, Joshua, Governor of Delaware, 630

  Clinton, George, Governor of New York, 299, 317, 335, 342, 362, 437, 446, 497, 505–6, 531, 557, 563, 565, 570, 585, 611–12, 630, 639, 677, 686

  Clinton, Sir Henry, British military commander, 281–82, 361, 387, 391, 393, 395, 419–20, 426, 450, 454, 458, 470, 492, 497;

  and André, 447–48;

  appointment of, 389;

  tactical plans of, 412–13;

  troops of, 284, 403, 467–68

  Clinton, Capt. John, 330

  Clinton, Fort, 361, 407, 731

  Clothier General, functions of, 345, 373, 385, 426–27, 464, 512

  Clothing, military necessity of, 92, 135–36, 210, 296, 332, 371–73, 407, 414, 510

  Clymer, George, 666

  College of William and Mary. See William and Mary, College of

  Colonial troops, 130, 134–35, 210, 214;

  and Braddock’s campaign, 77, 87;

  and frontier defense, 113;

  and Ohio campaign, 72, 74

  Columbia College, 568. See also King’s College

  Comfort Sands and Company, 496–97

  Commerce, treaties of, 164, 200, 584, 627

  Commissary, inadequacy of, 280, 322–23, 343, 345, 353, 363, 372, 374–75, 385, 396, 427, 431, 434, 439, 510, 512

  Committee of Correspondence, 193, 201, 207

  Committee of Safety, 253, 268

  Communications, channels of, 36, 426–27, 432, 513, 567

  Concord, skirmish at, 213–17, 269, 294, 502

  Concorde, 466

  Congress, U.S., authority of, 541, 575, 577, 604, 621, 630, 636, 645–49, 656, 686–88, 690, 715, 730;

  and French affairs, 702–3, 733–35;

  legislation of, 579, 582, 585, 590;

  and XYZ affair, 721

  Connecticut, 215, 219, 225, 233, 268–69, 277, 282, 289, 299;

  legislature of, 466;

  troops of, 229, 241–43, 246–52, 285, 310, 334, 361, 434

  Connecticut Farms, 435

  Connolly, John, 199

  Conscription, military, 121

  Constitution, 158, 565, 567, 569, 573, 575–76, 580–81, 585, 589, 613, 632, 658, 662, 665, 692–93, 695–97, 701;

  Convention for, 537–39, 543, 545–50, 733;

  ratification of, 532, 550, 555, 557, 579, 583

  Constitution, Fort, 291, 298

  Continental Army, 252, 256, 272, 278, 282, 286, 296, 308, 312, 318–22, 347, 491, 511

  Continental Congress, 206–8, 215, 217–18, 222, 226, 231, 233, 237–38, 253–54, 279, 304, 318, 366, 384, 528, 541;

  decisions by, 220–21, 250–51;

  delegates to, 201, 364–65, 367;

  policies of, 330, 338;

  at Princeton, 503, 508;

  revolt against, 510;

  treaties ratified by, 502

  Continental currency, 431

  Contraband, 648, 662, 667

  Contrecoeur, Claude Pierre Pécaudy, Sieur de, 54

  Convention “troops,” 413

  Conway, Gen. Thomas, 138, 338, 357, 367, 369–70, 376, 378–83, 391, 402, 413, 417, 509

  Cooke, Nicholas, Governor of Rhode Island, 233, 251, 262, 266

  Cooper, Rev. Myles, 194, 196

  Corbin, Richard, 49, 116–17, 216

  Corn crop, 147–48, 167

  Cornwallis, Gen. Charles, 307, 310–11, 313, 315–16, 341, 368, 440, 458, 460–63, 467, 470, 472, 475, 477–79, 483–84, 487–90, 511, 596–97, 698

  Counterfeiters and counterfeiting, 191–92, 276

  Cowpens, battle of, 459

  Coxe, Tench, 552, 625

  Craik, Dr. James, 183, 185, 521, 555, 631, 716–17, 727, 740, 742, 748, 750–52

  Crawford, Capt. William, 168–69, 173, 175, 181, 183–85, 189, 199, 212

  Creek Indian Nation, problems with, 573, 578, 585, 601, 606, 610–11, 616, 623, 628, 630, 635, 649–50, 663–64, 666, 682, 714

  Cresap, Col. Thomas, 20–21, 77, 521

 
; Croghan, George, 57–58, 63, 184

  Croton River, 299

  Crown Point, 217, 237, 276, 278, 282

  Cumberland, Fort, 72, 74–77, 80, 86–87, 90, 92–99, 103, 105, 108–10, 114–15, 123–27, 130, 532, 654–55

  Currin, Barnaby, 37

  Cushing, William, 576, 614, 735

  Custis, Daniel Parke, 118–19

  Custis, Eleanor Parke (Nelly), 193–94, 196, 199, 709, 711, 734–36, 741, 743, 745–46, 748–49

  Custis, Elizabeth Parke, 495, 693

  Custis, George Washington Parke, 683, 711, 717–18, 734, 743–44, 748

  Custis, John Parke (Jack), 119, 140, 143, 148, 153, 167, 172, 177–78, 180, 183–84, 186–88, 196, 199, 224, 249, 331, 495, 510, 525, 531, 592, 711

  Custis, Martha Dandridge. See Washington, Martha Dandridge Custis

  Custis, Martha Parke (Patsy), 140, 148, 172–73, 177–78, 180, 182, 184–85, 188, 520, 531;

  death of, 196–97;

  illness of, 188, 195

  Custis estate, 143, 167, 197

  Custis family, 119, 139, 149

  Custis plantations, 144, 155, 167–68, 172, 180, 183, 186, 188, 190, 194

  Dagworthy, Capt. John, 41, 92–98, 113–15

  Daily Advertiser (New York), 586, 686

  Dallas, Alexander J., 632, 671, 673

  Dalton, John, 202

  Danbury, attack on, 202, 337, 343, 411, 414

  Dandridge, Bartholomew, 525, 531, 631, 653, 709, 742

  Dandridge, Frances, 525

  Dandridge, Martha. See Washington, Martha Parke Custis

  Dandridge, William, 525

  Dandridge family, 119

  Dartmouth, Earl of, 193

  Dayton, Col. Jonathan, 435, 646

  d’Estaing, Vice Admiral of French fleet, 404–5, 409–10, 413, 416, 425–26, 596

  De Barth, John Joseph, 591

  De Borre, Prudhomme. See Bone, Prudhomme de

  De Bienville, Céleron, 34, 40

  De Bourgogne, Due, 462

  De Gardoqui, Don Diego, 616

  De Grasse, Admiral of French fleet, 460, 466–67, 469–71, 474, 477–78, 481, 484, 487–89

  DeHaas, Gen. John P., 334

  De Kalb, Baron Johann de. See Kalb, Johann, Baron de

  De Lancey’s refugee corps, 458

  De Marin, Pierre Paul, 38–39, 41–42

  De Miralles, Don Juan, 416, 432

  De Noailles, Count, 486

  De Tilly, Arnaud le Gardeur, 459–61, 465

  De Windt, John, 447

  Dead River, 237, 244

  Deane, Silas, 217, 338–39, 346, 364

  Deas, William A., 668

  Declaration of Independence, 279, 281, 403, 503

  Declaratory Act, 165, 170

  Deep Run Farm, 8, 33, 187

  Definitive Treaty of Peace, 640

  Delaware, 272, 311;

  and Constitution, 551;

  troops of, 133, 431

  Delaware River, 14, 312–15, 318–19, 322, 340, 344, 354, 356, 360, 393

 

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