by Rachel May
Women’s Diaries in the Manuscript Collection of the Rhode Island Historical Society, Providence, RI.
Papers of the American Slave Trade, Rhode Island Historical Society.
South County History Center (formerly Pettaquamscutt Historical Society), Kingston, RI.
South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston, SC.
South Carolina History Room, Charleston County Public Library, Charleston, SC.
South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia, SC.
The Avery Research Center, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC.
The Smithsonian Anacostia Community Museum, “How the Civil War Changed Washington” exhibit, Feb. 2, 2015–Nov. 15, 2015.
New Bedford Whaling Museum, New Bedford, MA.
The Charleston Museum, Charleston, SC.
The Gibbes Museum of Art, Charleston, SC.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY.
The Museum of Fine Art, Boston, MA.
Historic Sites
American Textile History Museum, Lowell, MA (now permanently closed).
The Robbins House & The Old North Bridge, Concord, MA.
Walden Pond State Reservation, Concord, MA.
Royall House and Slave Quarters, Medford, MA.
Abiel Smith School & African Meeting House, Museum of African American History, Boston, MA.
The Nathan and Mary (Polly) Johnson House, New Bedford, MA.
The African Burying Ground Memorial Park, Portsmouth, NH. Slater Mill Museum, Providence, RI.
Tavern Hall / Elisha Reynold’s House, Great Swamp, and Potter family burial plot, Kingston, RI.
God’s Little Acre, Common Burying Ground and Island Cemetery, Newport, RI.
DeWolf Mansion, Bristol, RI.
Historic Indian Agency House at Fort Winnebago, WI.
Clermont Farm, Berryville, VA.
The Old Exchange & Provost Dungeon, Charleston, SC.
Fort Moultrie, Sullivan’s Island, Charleston, SC.
Middleton Place, Charleston, SC.
Magnolia Plantation and Gardens, Charleston, SC.
Aiken-Rhett House, Charleston, SC.
Nathaniel Russell Middleton House, Charleston, SC.
Old Slave Mart Museum, Charleston, SC.
Saint Helena Island, Beaufort County, SC.
Manaca Iznaga & San Isidro de Los Destiladeros, Valle de los Ingenios, Cuba.
Primary Sources on the Crouch-Williams-Cushman families and enslaved people, in addition to the collections listed above
Admission to Zion: Zion (later Westminster) Presbyterian Church (Charleston, South Carolina, United States), Communicants’ Roll Book, 1852-1861, p. 57-58, Jane Thorn, servant of Mrs. E. H. Williams, admitted on profession of faith, 6 March 1859; Historical Foundation of the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches microfilm MFPOS 1552, item 2, Presbyterian Historical Society, Philadelphia.
Admission as member of Rev. Jonathan C. Gibbes Organization: Zion (later Westminster) Presbyterian Church (Charleston, South Carolina, United States), Sessional records 23 April 1858-1 April 1866, p. 59-60, Members of Rev. Jonathan C. Gibbes Organization received as members, list includes Jane Jones (formerly Thorn); Historical Foundation of the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches microfilm MFPOS 1552, item 1, Presbyterian Historical Society, Philadelphia.
“At Private Sale,” Charleston Courier, May 8, 1837, p. 3, col. 4; digital images, GenealogyBank (http://www.genealogybank.com : accessed May 22, 2017).
Birch, Charlotte Amelia to E. Hilton Williams, Trustee of Rosamond J. Walker and Children, Bill of Sale for a slave named Beckey or Rebecca, 12/13/1864, Series S213050, vol. 006F: 00040.
Chandler, George. The Chandler Family: The Descendants of William and Annis Chandler Who Settled in Roxbury, Mass. (Worcester, Ma: Press of Charles Hamilton, 1883).
Charleston County, South Carolina Directories, 1806, 1807, 1809, 1813, Abraham Crouch; Hasell W Crouch 1836 Supplement; Charles Crouch 1835–36, 1837, 1838 Directories, South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston, SC.
Charleston, South Carolina, death certificate no. 139 (1874), Juba Simons; digital image, “South Carolina, Death Records, 1821–1965,” Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed June 6, 2017).
Charleston, South Carolina, Probate Books, Returns, Vol. A, p. 14, Bundle 64, no. 2403, Dr. Hasell W. Crouch estate; digital images, FamilySearch (http://www.familysearch.org : accessed June 3, 2017).
Charleston County, South Carolina, Deed Book A10, pp. 64–67, William T. Thorne and wife to Martin E. Munro trustee, settlement deed, May 24, 1830.
Charleston County, SC Registry of Mesnes and Conveyances, Deed Book A12, pp. 177–178, John B. Irving, Esq. Sheriff to Jas. W. Gray, trustee for Eliza J. Crouch and children, conveyance.
Charleston, South Carolina, Deed Records, E14: 107–109, John Francis Walker and Rosamond Imogene Thorne to E. Hilton Williams, marriage settlement, Nov. 7, 1857; Charleston County Register of Mesnes Conveyances, Charleston.
Cohen, Hennig. “Preface” and “Historical and Descriptive Sketch,” The South Carolina Gazette, University of South Carolina Press (1953): vii–9.
Crouch, Abraham, 1820, 1821, 1825 Federal Census, Charleston, SC, Ancestry.com.
Crouch, Charles, Nov. 29, 1880, South Carolina, Death Records, 1821–1955, Ancestry.com.
Crouch, Charles W., United States Federal Census, Charleston, SC, Roll M653_1216, Ancestry.com.
Crouch, Charles W. to William Rice, Bill of Sale for Mustee Slave Named Jane and her Son William, Purchased from John A. Fripp, 4/5/1834, Series S213003, Vol. 0050: 00438, South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia, SC.
Crouch, C.W. to Thomas N. Gadsden, Bill of Sale for a Slave Named Phelix or Felix, 1/10/1837, Series S213003, Vol. 005T:00066, South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia, SC.
Crouch, Charles W. to Court of Appeals, Petition to Practice Law, 2/24/1835, S137004, Box 0001, Item 00133, South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia, SC.
Crouch, Emily H., Rhode Island Deaths, 1630–1930, February 23, 1926, Ancestry.com.
Crouch, Hasell C., South Carolina Death Records, 1821–1955, May 22, 1836, Charleston, SC Ancestry.com.
Crouch, Hasell W., Estate, Account of Sales “South Carolina Estate Inventories and Bills of Sale, 1732–1872,” database and images, Fold3 (http://www.fold3.com : accessed May 22, 2017) Sale account for Dr. H. W. Crouch; citing Charleston District, South Carolina, Inventories of Estates Book A 1839–1844, pp. 58.
Crouch, Susan McPherson, Rhode Island Deaths 1630–1930, 1 December 1902, Ancestry.com.
Cushman-Crouch files, MSS 9001-C, Box 15, Rhode Island Historical Society, Providence, RI. November 17, 2014.
Cushman Franklin R. Textile: Furniture Cloth Checks, Accession No. 19520278, Colonial Williamsburg, Williamsburg, VA.
Ibid, Bed Valance, blue and white, G52-13
Ibid, Fabric–Copper plate printed (blue and white), 1951-364, 1–2
Ibid, Quilt, woodblock print, 1951-01-01
“Commencement [Brown University],” Rhode Island American, September 3, 1830, p. 2, co. 1: digital images, GenealogyBank (http://www.genealogybank.com; accessed May 22, 2017).
Direct Deeds, 1898–1930, Direct Index to Conveyances and Miscellaneous Deeds, Charleston, SC.
Distillery Excise Tax Records, United States Treasury Department, Tax Accounts 1791–1802, MSS 232, sg3, Rhode Island Historical Society, Providence, RI.
Elijah Williams Papers, Rhode Island Historical Society, Providence, RI.
“Estate Sale,” Charleston Courier, May 22, 1837, p. 3, col. 6; digital images, GenealogyBank (http://www.genealogybank.com : accessed May 22, 2017).
“Estate Sale,” Charleston Courier, January 29, 1838, p. 3, col. 6; digital images, GenealogyBank (http://www.genealogybank.com : accessed May 22, 2017).
“Estate Sale,” Charleston Courier, May 15, 1850, p. 3, col. 7; digital images, GenealogyBank (http://www.genealogybank.com : accessed M
ay 22, 2017).
“Estate Sale of Furniture,” Charleston Courier, May 2, 1837, p. 3, col. 6, digital images, Genealogy Bank (http://www.genealogybank.com: accessed May 22, 2017).
Grace Episcopal Church (Charleston, SC), Register 1847–1898, Deaths, April 10, 1862, Mrs. Harriet Williams’ South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston, microfilm SCHS 50-336-1.
Grimke, John Paul VS Charles Crouch, Judgment Roll, 1768, Series S136002, Box 076B, Item 0080A, South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston, SC.
Harth, William to EH. Williams, Bill of slave for a slave named Boston, 2/17/1835, Series S213003, Vol. 0050: 00648, South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia, SC.
“[In a notice . . .],” Charleston City Gazette and Commercial Daily Advertiser, September 13, 1830, p. 2, col. 2; digital images, GenealogyBank (http://www.genealogybank.com: accessed May 22, 2017).
Historical Catalogue of Brown University, 1764–1914 (Providence, RI: Brown University, 1914), 156.
James W. Hagy, Directories for the City of Charleston, South Carolina For the Years 1830–1831, 1835–36, 1836, 1837–8, and 1840–41 (Baltimore: Clearfield Company, 1997), 130.
Keith, C.C., Admix of Dr. Matthew Irvine to C.B. Moses, Bill of Sale for the Slaves Abby, Jupiter, John, and Betsey, 12/15/1834, Series 213003, Vol. 0050: 00595, South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia, SC.
King, Wiliiam L., The Newspaper Press of Charleston, S.C.: A Chronological and Biographical History, Embracing a Period of One Hundred and Forty Years, Charleston, S.C., 1872, Chapter III: 21–23.
Limehouse.020.10, 20 Limehouse Street (Harriet Crouch House), Historic Charleston, www.historiccharleston.org.
“[Lumber Yard . . .],” Charleston Courier, May 4, 1832, p. 3, col. 5; digital images, GenealogyBank (http://www.genealogybank.com : accessed June 4, 2017).
Marriage contract Thomas Amers Walker and Mary Ancrum Withers, March 15, 1794. New Hanover, North Carolina, Deeds, 1734–1939, Book L1 1794–1797: 70–74, marriage contract, Thomas Walker and Mary Ancrum Withers, March 15, 1794; digital images, FamilySearch (http://familysearch.org : accessed 22 May 2017).
Marriage and Death Notices from Charleston Courier, 1806 (Continued), The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, Vol. 30, 1 (January 1929): 60–68.
Marriage settlement, E. Hilton Williams and Harriet H. Thorne, May 16, 1837South Carolina Secretary of State, Marriage Settlements, 1785–1902, Marriage settlements Book 13, pp. 364–5, E. Hilton Williams and Harriet H. Thorne; FHL microfilm 22, 518.
Marriage Settlement Abraham Crouch and Jane Sophia Withers, July 15, 1806 South Carolina Secretary of State, Marriage Settlements, 1785–1902, Marriage Settlements Book 5, pp. 225–228, Abraham Crouch and Sophia Jane Withers; FHL microfilm 22, 515.
McCrady, Edward, Exor. Of Elizabeth Vale to E.H. Williams, Bill of sale for a slave named Bishroom, 2/17/1835, Series S213003, Vol. 0050: 00650, South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia, SC.
Meeting .008.01, 8 Meeting Street, Historic Charleston Foundation, Property File, http://charleston.pastperfectonline.com/archive/A902D2AC-0826-4E00-970F-273654812631 & image owned by GIbbes Museum, Charleston, SC.
Moses, Charles B. to C. W. Crouch, Bill of Sale for the Slaves Abby, Jupiter, John, and Betsey. 12/13/1834, Series S213003, Vol. 0050: 00594, South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia, SC.
Marriage and Death Notices from the Christian Neighbor, South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research, Vol. XXVII (1999): 170, 534–535.
Meeting Street (1−42), Charleston County Public Library, www.ccpl.org/content.asp?id=15675&action=detail&catid=6025&parentid=5747.
Peyre, Catherine. Transactions of the Hugeuenot Society, No. 79, Charleston, SC: Published by the Order of the Society (1974): 174–176.
Providence Gazette, June 21, 1799.
The Providence House Directory and Family Address Book was viewed for 1903, 1905, 1907, 1909, 1911, 1913, 1915, 1917, and 1920, 1921−1922; available at: cdn.providenceri.com. The house number had changed to 102 George Street, but no longer existed in 1921−1922.
“Providence, September 8,” State Gazette of South Carolina, 10-18-1787, Vol. XLVI, Issue 3554: 2, Charleston, SC, American Antiquarian Soceity, 2004, http://infoweb.newsbank.com.
Return of Deaths within the City of Charleston, Sept. 22, 1832–June 10, 1854 and June 11, 1854–Sept. 18, 1870 and 1850–1912. Microfilm 45/326, South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston, SC.
“Return of Deaths within the City of Charleston from the 24 September to the 1st October 1843,” deaths of George Logan, Dr. E. A. Benjamin, and [Francis] [servant of] H Williams; database and images,” South Carolina Death Records, 1821–1965, Ancestry.com (http: //www.ancestry.com: accessed May 30, 2017).
Reuben Aldridge Guild, History of Brown University, With Illustrative Documents (Providence, RI: 1867).
Sale “A Young Sound Negro Woman Named Jenny,” April 15, 1814, State of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
Snowden, Yates, LL.D., “History of The New England Society of Charleston, S.C., 1819–1919, by William Way,” reprint from “The News and Courier,” Charleston, S.C. May 2, 1920.
Some Original Charleston Probate Records, South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research, Vol. 40, Folder p-180 (2012): 159.
South Carolina (1850 U.S. census, Charleston), slave schedule, St. Michael and St. Philip Parish, A. C. Smith; digital images, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com: accessed May 20, 2017); citing National Archives and Records Administration microfilm M432, roll 862.
South Carolina (1850 U.S. census, Charleston), slave schedule, St. Michael and St. Philip Parish, the Honl. Judge Rice; digital images, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed May 20, 2017); citing National Archives and Records Administration microfilm M432, roll 862.
South Carolina (1850 U.S. census, Charleston), slave schedule, St. Michael and St. Philip Parish, John M. Greer; digital images, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed May 20, 2017); citing National Archives and Records Administration microfilm M432, roll 862. The pages appear to be numbered using only odd numbers; this page is numbered 897.
South Carolina (1850 U.S. census, Charleston), slave schedule, St. Michael and St. Philip Parish, William Greer; digital images, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com: accessed May 20, 2017); citing National Archives and Records Administration microfilm M432, roll 862.
South Carolina (1860 U.S. census, Barnwell), slave schedule, p. 14, col. 2, lines 2–3, W. S. Walker; digital images, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com: accessed May 20, 2017); citing National Archives and Records Administration microfilm M635, roll 1229.
South Carolina (Charleston), Probate Books, Returns, Vol. D [E] 1849–1851, pp. 306–307, Box 58, no. 7, James S. Burges estate; digital images, FamilySearch (http://www.familysearch.org: accessed 23 June 2017).
South Carolina (Charleston), Probate Books, Returns, Vol. A, pp. 13–17, Bundle 64, no. 2403, Dr. Hasell W. Crouch estate; digital images, FamilySearch (http://www.familysearch.org : accessed June 3, 2017).
South Carolina Death Records, 1821–1960, databse and images, Ancestry.com (http: www.ancestry .com: accessed May 20, 2017); death of Boston [slave of] EH Williams, 1838; citing “Return of Deaths within the City of Charleston, from the 25th February to the 4th March 1838,” line 8.
South Carolina Death Records, 1821–1960, databse and images, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com: accessed May 20, 2017); death of Hagar [servant of] Mrs. Williams, 1858; citing “Return of Deaths within the City of Charleston, from the 4th to the 10th of April, 1858,” line 6.
South Carolina, Death Records, 1821–1960, database and images, Ancestry.com (http://www .ancestry.com : accessed May 20, 2017); death of Minerva [slave of] W Greer, 1851; citing “Return of Deaths within the City of Charleston, from the 26th of October to the 1st of November, 1851,” line 24; below the entries for October 26–November 1, 1851 are the entries for November 16–22, 1851.
> South Carolina Directory, 1813, 1809, 1807, 1806, 1835–6, 1836 supplement, 1837, 1838, South Carolina Historical Society, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC.
“South Carolina Estate Inventories and Bills of Sale, 1732–1872,” database and images, Fold3 (http://www.fold3.com : accessed May 22, 2017); Inventory of estate of H. W. Crouch, physician, April 10, 1837; citing Charleston District, South Carolina, Inventories of Estates Book H 1834–1846, pp. 256–7.
“South Carolina Estate Inventories and Bills of Sale, 1732–1872,” database and images, Fold3 (http://www.fold3.com : accessed May 22, 2017); Inventory of James S. Burges, 1850; citing Charleston District, South Carolina, Inventories of Estates Book C 1850–1854, p. 25.
South Carolina Estate Inventories and Bills of Sale, 1732–1872,” database and images, Fold3 (http: ///www/fold3.com: accessed May 22, 2017); Bill of sale, John G. Schoolbred trustee of Joseph S and Amelia Sarah Gibbes to Messrs. Gibbes and Williams, citing South Carolina Secretary of State Miscellaneous Records Book 50 (1832–1836).
South Carolina Secretary of State, Mortgages (Charleston series), 1736–1869, Book 3X, p. 130, mortgage, Charles W. Crouch to John A. Fripp, May 10, 1833; SCDAH microfilm ST 0438.
St. Philip’s Protestant Episcopal Church (Charleston, South Carolina, United States), Register, 1807–1810, p. 75, baptism of Charles Withers and Hasell Wilkinson Crouch and burial of Sophia Jane Crouch, 1809; SCHS microfiche no. 50-135A-7, South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston, SC.
St. Peter’s Episcopal Church (Charleston, SC), Register of Baptisms 1834–1861, baptism of Francis, Letter F, line 9, September 22, 1843; South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston, SC.
St. Peter’s Episcopal Church (Charleston, SC), “Register of Marriages 1834–1853,” Williams-Banks Marriage (line 4) and Williams_Taylor (line 10); South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston. (“Winthrop B. Williams to Catherine Banks,” November 15, 1842, and “Winthrop B. Williams to Carolina Taylor, March 16, 1848).
St. Peter’s Episcopal Church (Charleston, SC), Register of Funerals 1834–1859, baptism of Winthrop Williams, September 8, 1843 (line 10) and Henry Taylor Williams, March 6, 1849 (line 17), South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston.