by John Browne
Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, 33, 55, 136
Angola, 44, 62-4, 66, 225
Anne of Austria, Queen, 164
Apple, 186
Arab Spring, xiii, 187, 200
Aral, 6
Archimedes, 172
Arévalo, Juan de, 89
Argentina, 59
Aristotle, 157, 171
Arizona, 173
asphalt, 220
Atahualpa, Emperor, 88, 106, 108
Athens, 110-11
Atlantic Empress, 49
Atlantic LNG, 67
atomic bombs, xiv, 109, 124, 126, 128, 130-5, 137-40, 144-6, 198, 237-8, 249
see also nuclear weapons
atomic forces, 237-8
atomic structure, 210
atoms, splitting, 128-9
Atoms for Peace programme, 145
Attlee, Clement, 137
Auschwitz, 117, 126
Australia, 68, 76
Azerbaijan, x-xi, 45-6
Aztecs, 88
Bahamas, 88
Bailey, Elizabeth, 15, 214
Bakhtiari women, 91
Baku, x, 45
Bank of England, 98-9
Banks, Sir Joseph, 172
Bardeen, John, 179, 181, 183, 250
barter, beginnings of, xii
Beaton, Cecil, 117
Becquerel, Alexandre-Edmond, 174
Becquerel, Henri, 127, 174, 234
Beijing, 38, 42, 219
Beijing Olympics, 39-40
Belarus, 240
Bell Laboratories, 174-6, 178-9, 181
Benjamin, Walter, 201
Berezovsky, Boris, 223
Berners-Lee, Tim, 184-5
Beroviero, Angelo, 245
Bessemer, Henry, 9-13, 15, 167, 173-4, 213-14, 246
Bessemer Gold Medal, 12
Bevin, Ernest, 137
Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali, 145
bicycles, 42
Bilbao, Guggenheim Museum, 155
Bingham Canyon, Utah, 103-4
biofuel, 81, 132
Biringuccio, Vannoccio, 161, 163, 173, 244
Bismarck, Otto von, 3
bitumen, 42
Black, Harry, 20
Blair, Tony, 53, 63-4, 77
Blake, Robert, 40
Blake, William, 218
blast furnaces, 216
Bloody Island Massacre, 230
Boeing, 242
Bogotá, 85-7, 90
Bohemia, 108-10, 126, 232-3
Bolivia, 59, 107
Bontemps, Georges, 166, 168, 246
Bonzi, Pierre de, 164-5
Bouazizi, Mohamed, 187
boxes, silver, 118
Brady, Mathew, 117
Bragg, Sir William and Lawrence, ix-x, 210, 213
Brahe, Tycho, 247
Brattain, Walter, 179, 181, 250
Brazil, 44, 89
gold production, 101-2
Bretton Woods Agreement, 101
bronze, 11
Brooks Range Mountains, 33
Brustolon, Giovanni Battista, 96
Bryan, William Jennings, 100
Buckminsterfullerene, 191, 193
Buffett, Warren, 16, 198
Burj Khalifa, 23
Burnham, Daniel, 20
Bush, George, 154
business sustainability, 27
cabinets aux miroirs, 164-5
Cadbury, George and Richard, 216
Cajamarca, 88
Calder Hall, 136-8, 239
Caldera, Rafael, 59
California, 77, 108, 173, 184
California gold rush, 91-4, 99, 102, 230
calotypes, 114, 167, 234
camera lucida, 113
camera obscura, 112, 114
Campbell, Richard, 87
Canada, 47, 73, 78, 145, 222
Canaletto, 96
cancer, 134, 136, 140, 160, 240
Capa, Robert, 117
Cape of Good Hope, 8
Capoche, Luis, 106, 232
carbon capture and storage, 80-2, 196, 228
carbon-carbon bonds, 217
carbon dioxide, xiv, 37, 73, 75, 78-9, 81, 192, 196, 199, 226, 228
carbon-hydrogen bonds, 218
carbon monoxide, 219
carbon nanotubes, 191, 193
carbon taxes, 196
carbonization, 217
Carnegie, Andrew, 12-17, 19, 22, 25-8, 197-8, 214-15
Carnegie Corporation, 17, 197
Carnegie Hall, 18, 197
Carnegie Mellon University, 15, 17
Carroll, Lewis, 169
cars, 32, 41-2, 64, 188, 199
Cartier-Bresson, Henri, 117
Caspian Sea, 45-6
cast iron, 9, 13
buildings of, 18-19
Cauca River, 87
cave art, xii
Cavendish Laboratory, 128
CERN, 184-5, 252
Cerro de Potosí, 105-8, 232
Chadwick, James, 128, 237
Chagai Hills, 145
Chance Brothers, 166, 168, 246
Chapin, Daryl, 174-5
charcoal, 214
Chatsworth House, 168
Chávez, Hugo, 59-60, 187
Chernobyl disaster, 140-2, 240
Chernogorneft, 54
Cherwell, Lord, 136
Chicago, 121
Great Fire, 18-19
Chicago Pile-1, 130
China
air pollution, 37-40, 219-20
car use, 42
censorship, 187
and climate change, 76, 78-9, 81-3, 199
coal mining, 38-9
dependence on coal, 33-5, 37-40, 218, 220
economic reforms, 37
energy imports, 70, 73
and fireworks, 30
iron industry, 23-4, 34, 213, 216
and nuclear energy, 138
and nuclear weapons, 146
solar cell production, 176
urban population, 36
China Central Television building, 23
Chinese Communist Party, 118
Chíya, 228
Christiandorf, 232
Church Peace Union, 17
Churchill, Winston, 55
CIA, 144, 151
Cleveland, Ohio, 51-2
climate change, xiv, 40, 69, 74-84, 135, 192, 199, 226-7
technological solutions, 80-3
Clinton, Bill, 76
Clinton Engineer Works, 130-2
clothes, self-cleaning, 159
Club of Rome, 74
coal, xii, 4-6, 32-40, 136, 174, 188
competition with gas, 71, 81
cost of extraction, 221
coal mining, 36-9, 219, 221
coins
clipping, 97, 231
gold, 95-100, 111, 229
non-metallic, 230
one-pound, 231
silver, 95-8, 108, 110-11
see also ducats; florins; gold sovereigns; Owls of Athens
coke, 3, 5, 35, 214
Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 164-5
Cole, Henry, 168
Coleman, William, 13-14
Colombia, xi, 33, 85-9
colour, 157-8, 248
Columbus, Christopher, 88
Commodities Futures Trading
Commission (CFTC), 121-2
compass, invention of, 34
computers, 177-8, 189, 200
Concorde, 155
conquistadors, 87-9, 93, 102-3, 105-7
Copenhagen climate conference, 80
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 171, 247
copper, viii, 103, 155, 173, 192
copper wires, 190, 252
corporate social responsibility, 26
Cort, Henry, 214
Cota, 89
Coyle, Bud, 181
Croesus, King, 95, 100, 111, 230
Cruel Mountains, 126-7
Crystal Palace, 167-8, 246-7
CSS Virginia, 1-3
Curie, Marie and Pierre, 127, 237
Currier & Ives, 1-2, 211
Cusiana oilfield, 87
cutlery, titanium, 160, 244
Cuzco, 88, 229
Cyrenaica, 119
Cyrus the Great, 95
Daguerre, Louis-Jacques-Mandé, 114, 234
daguerreotypes, 114, 167, 234
Dalton, John, x, 210
Dandolo, Doge Giovanni, 97
Darcy, Henry, 46, 221
Davy, Humphry, 219
Davy lamp, 37
De Beers, 63, 224
Deepwater Horizon, 50
Delian League, 233
Delicola, 229
de’ Medici, Catherine, 164
Detroit, 41
Devonshire, Duke of, 168
diamonds, 31, 62-3, 224-5
Dickens, Charles, 166
Dirks, Gary, 38
DNA, 31, 83
Dr. Strangelove, 241
Dodd-Frank Act, 225
Drake, Colonel Edwin L., 12, 43, 51
ducats, 97, 99, 110, 230-1
Dudley, Dud, 214
Durban climate conference, 77, 80
Eagle, 135
Earth
and Copernican model, 170-1
core and magnetic field, 2
Eastman, George, 115-16, 199, 235
Edgar Thomson Steel Works, 14, 25
Edison, Thomas, 12
Edkins, Joseph, 218
Egypt, 56, 173, 187
Egypt, ancient, 90-1, 94, 161
Einstein, Albert, 130
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 133
‘Atoms for Peace’ speech, 134, 144
El Dorado, 85-6, 88-9, 103-5, 107, 228
El Dorado, Texas, 119
electrum, 94-5
Elizabeth II, Queen, 115, 117, 136, 138
emissions trading, 83, 228
Eneas, Aubrey, 173-4
energy conservation, 80
Engels, Friedrich, 36, 219
enhanced oil recovery (EOR), 46-7, 221, 228
ENI, 56
Epstein, Jacob, 90
Ericsson, John, 173-4
Essen, 3, 5-6
Euphrates, River, 95
European Coal and Steel Community, 6
European Union, 6, 213, 225
eurozone crisis, 77
exothermic reactions, 218
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), 64, 196, 224
Exxon, 58, 222-3
Exxon Valdez, xi, 49, 205
Facebook, 187
Fairchild, Sherman, 181
Fairchild Semiconductor, 182-4, 251
Fenton, Roger, 117
Ferdinand, King of Spain, 88
Fermi, Enrico, 129
Feynman, Richard, xv, 211
Fiji, 229
fireworks, 29-30, 217
First World War, 3, 5, 25, 100
Flagler, Henry, 51
Flatiron Building, 19-22
Florence, 48, 97, 108, 117
florins, 97
Ford, Clara, 41
Ford, Henry, 40-1, 115, 199, 247
Ford Model T, 42, 115
Fortune magazine, 180
Four Great Inventions, 34, 218
Fox, Gustavus, 2
Fox Talbot, William Henry, 113-15, 167, 234-5
fracking, 71-2
Franco-Prussian war, 4, 99
Freiberg, 109, 232
French glass industry, 165-6
French Revolution, 166
Freyle, Juan Rodriguez, 228
Frick, Henry Clay, 14, 17, 214
Frick Collection, 18, 215
Fridman, Mikhail, 54
Friedman, Milton, 26, 217
Friedman, Thomas, 224
Frisch, Otto, 128-9, 238
Fuentes de Andalucía, 174
Fukushima disaster, 138-44, 239
Fuller, Buckminster, 252
Fuller, Calvin, 174-5, 249-50
Fuller, George, 20
Fuller, Larry, 58
Galileo Galilei, 170-1, 247
Gandhi, Indira, 145
Gang of Four, 37, 219
Gartner hype cycle, 253
gas, xii, 7, 32-3, 37, 65-74
and climate change, 73-4, 81
compared with oil, 71-2, 225
competition with coal, 71, 81
cost of extraction, 221
disposal, 69
pipelines, 69-70
prices, 225
Gates, Bill, 16, 198
Gehry, Frank, 155
Geim, Andre, 191-2
Genoa, 108
German Empire, 3, 5
germanium, 180, 250
Germany, 3-6, 25, 99, 110, 130-1, 138, 141, 199
Giddens, Anthony, 77, 227
Giddens Paradox, 227
Gini coefficients, 215
Giuliani, Rudy, 22
Giusti, Luis, 59-60
glass
architectural uses, 168-9
cristallo, 164, 245
float glass, 169
lead crystal, 245-6
machine-blown, 247
ribbon glass, 247
see also mirrors
glassmaking, 161-9, 245-7
Gleneagles summit, 77
Global Witness, 63, 224-5
Gokoku shrine, 143
gold
ban on hoarding, 236
incorruptibility, 90-1
malleability, 91
prices, 101, 103
reserves, 102-3
use in electronics, 91
value relative to silver, 98-9, 111-12, 120-1, 233
see also coins, gold
gold souks, 91
gold sovereigns, 99
gold standard, 99-102, 112
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 240
Gore, Al, 76
Gould, Jay, 16
Gradengio, Leonardo, 231
graphene, 31, 192-3, 253
graphite, 31, 191-2
Grätzel cells, 244
Great Bullion Famine, 233
Great Divergence, 34, 37
Great Exhibition, 167
Greece, ancient, 18
greed, 195
Green, Commander William, 154
Green Revolution, 74, 226
greenhouses, 168
Greenspan, Alan, 62
Greenwich Village, 19
Gregor, William, 149
Gresham’s law, 98
Grove, Andy, 184-5, 200
Groves, Major General Leslie, 130-1, 134, 198, 239
Gulf of Mexico, 7-8, 44, 50
gunpowder, 30-1, 34, 47, 217
Hachiya, Michihiko, 139
Hahn, Otto, 128, 237
Hale telescope, 172
Hamilton, Lord, 25
Hampton Roads, Battle of, 1-3
Haydon, Benjamin, 243
Hayward, Tony, 7-8
hearing aids, 180
hearts, artificial, 242
Henry, Prince, 220-1
Hermitage Museum, 91, 229
Herschel, William, 171-2, 242, 248
Hill, Peter, 59
Hiroshima, xiv, 124-6, 128-9, 132, 135, 137, 139, 143-4, 148, 160, 237, 249
Hitler, Adolf, 5, 212
Hoerni, Jean, 251
Homestead Steel Works strike, 14, 16-18, 197, 214
Hooker telescope, 172
Houghton, John, 75-6
Huaneng Gaobeidian power plant, 81-2
Huayna Capac, Emperor, 105
Hunt, Bunker, 119-23, 235-6
Hunt, H. L., 119
Hunt, William Herbert, 120-3, 235-6
Hunter, Matthew Albert, 149
Hurricane Dennis, 8, 178
Hussein, Saddam, 58
hydraulic fracturing, 47
hydrogen, vii
IBM 1130 computer, 177-8
Idris, King of Libya, 119
ilmenite, 149, 156, 243
Incas, 88-90, 106-7
India
and climate change, 76, 78
nuclear weapons, 144-6
steel industry, 24-7
&nbs
p; Indonesia, 175
Industrial Revolution, xiv, 3, 32, 35-6, 38, 43, 74, 167, 173, 186, 188
integrated circuits, 182, 190, 251
Intel, vii, 184-5, 189-90, 200
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 75-6, 226, 228
International Atomic Energy Authority, 144
International Space Station, 185
internet, 184-5, 187
Iran, x, 43, 56, 58, 69, 91, 99, 118, 120, 136, 146
Iran-Iraq war, 58
Iraq, 58
Iranian Revolution, 57
Iron and Steel Institute, 12
Iron Lion of Cangzhou, 23
iron ore, 3-5, 174
irrigation, 173, 175
isotopes, 129, 238
Israel, 56-7, 144, 152-3, 161
Ive, Sir Jony, 186
Jamshedpur, 25-6
Japanese nuclear industry, 138-43, 240
jeans, 93
jet, 34
Jevons, William Stanley, 227
Ji Ruiqi, 24
Joachimsthal, 108-9, 232
Jobs, Steve, 199-200
Johnson, Kelly, 150, 152
Joule, James Prescott, 225
Joule-Thomson effect, 67
Jupiter, 170
Kan, Naoto, 141
Keats, John, 243
Keller, Millet, 177-8
Kelly, William, 213
Kennedy, Julian, 25
Kepler, Johannes, 247
Keynes, John Maynard, 101, 103
Khan, Abdul Qadeer, 144-6, 241
Khe Sanh military base, 152
Kibeho refugee camp, 118
Kilby, Jack, 182, 190, 200, 251
Kimberley Process, 224
King Hubbert, Marion, 48, 74
Kircher, Fr Athanasius, 172
Kirchhoff’s law, 242
Klaproth, Martin, 149, 242
Kobe earthquake, 141
Kodak, 115-16, 123, 235
Komsomolets submarine, 153-4
Kovykta gas field, 70
Kroll, William, 155, 243
Kroto, Harry, 191
Krupp, Alfred, 3-6, 11-12, 89, 167, 212
Krupp, Arndt, 3
Krupp, Gustav, 212
Kurzweil, Ray, 189
Kuwait, 58, 223
Kyoto climate conference, 76, 79, 227
La Brea tar pits, 43
La Sierra de la Plata, 105
Lake Allard, 156-7, 243
Lake Como, 113
Lake Guatavita, 85
Lamb, Charles, 243
Lancet, The, 166
language, complex, xii
Laurium, 111, 233
Law of Rent, 60
Leonardo da Vinci, 173, 248
Levi, Primo, 217
Library of Congress, 190
Libya, 61, 119-20, 146, 187
Life magazine, 20
Lincoln, Abraham, 1
Lippershey, Hans, 247
liquefied natural gas (LNG), 67-8, 70-2, 225
lithium ion batteries, 192
llamas, 106, 108
Llanos Mountains, xi
Lockheed Blackbird, 150-4
Lockheed U-2, 150-1