Prozac
Prusiner, Stanley
psychiatric disorders; bipolar disorder; creativity and; depression; genetics and; narrowing divide between neurological disorders and; schizophrenia; in twins
psychiatry; divide between neurology and; history of; origins of modern
psychoanalysis; new biology of mind and
psychology
psychopathic behavior, biology of
psychopharmacology
psychotherapy; for anxiety disorders; for bipolar disorder; for depression; drug therapy with; history of; for schizophrenia
psychotic art; impact on modern art
puberty; blockers
qualitative feeling
rabbits
race
Raichle, Marcus
rare variations
RbAp48 gene
readiness potential
realism
reality
reality principle
reflexes
refrigerator mother
relapse
Renaissance
repression
reptiles
reserpine
reticular activating system
reward; addiction and; animal models of; biology of; dopamine and
Richards, Ruth
Riegl, Alois
right anterior insula
risperidone
RNA
Robins, Lee
Rockefeller University
Rodrigues, Sarina
Roeske, Thomas
Romanticism
Roose, Steven
Rosenthal, Stephen
Rothbaum, Barbara
Rousseau, Henri; The Sleeping Gypsy
Rowland, Lewis
Royal Academy of Arts
Rudacille, Deborah, The Riddle of Gender
Rush, Benjamin
Sacks, Oliver
sadness
St. Clair, David
Saks, Elyn; The Center Cannot Hold
Saks Institute for Mental Health Law, Policy, and Ethics
Salpêtrière hospital, Paris
Salzman, Daniel
savants
Schall, Jeffrey
Schildkraut, Joseph
schizophrenia; anatomical abnormalities and; animal models of; biological treatments for; creativity and; decision making and; deleted genes and; dendritic spines and; dopamine and; drugs for; early intervention in; environment and; excessive synaptic pruning and; genetics and; history of; memory and; modeling cognitive symptoms of; onset of; psychotherapy for; symptoms of; terminology; treatment for; in twins
Schooler, Jonathan
Schultz, Wolfram
Scoville, William
Searle, John
Sea View Hospital, Staten Island
secondary motor cortex
seizures
Sekar, Aswin
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
self; bipolar disorder and; brain disorders and; consciousness and; dementia and; depression and; emotions and; sexual differentiation and gender identity
senses; consciousness and; neurons
sensory feedback neurons
serotonin
sex; abuse; addiction; aggression and; anatomical; animal models; chromosomal; differentiation of the brain and gender identity; dimorphisms in human brain; gonadal; hormones; promiscuity; transgender
sex changes operation
sexual dimorphisms
Shadlen, Michael
Shakespeare, William, Hamlet
shame
Sherrington, Charles
Shohamy, Daphna
shoplifting
shopping addiction
simple genetic illness
Simpson, Eleanor
Singer, Alison
single-nucleotide variations
single-photo emission computed tomography (SPECT)
skull
sleep; bipolar disorder and; depression and; lack of
Small, Scott
smell
smoking
snails
SNCA gene
Snyder, Allan
social brain; in animals; autism and; neural circuitry of; terminology; theory of mind and
social withdrawal
Socrates
sodium ion channels
Sokoloff, Louis
Solomon, Andrew
Soranus
Spack, Norman
spending, excessive
sperm, in older fathers
spinal cord; injuries
spinocerebellar ataxia
Squire, Larry
SRY
Stanford University
State, Matthew
Stefánsson, Kári
Stevens, Beth
Stice, Eric
stimuli, responses to
stomach, contraction of
stress; addiction and; bipolar disorder and; depression and; hormones; PTSD
striate cortex
striatum
stroke
structural imaging
Styron, William, Darkness Visible
subjectivity
subliminal perception
substance abuse
substantia nigra
subthalamic nucleus
suicide; depression and; gender and
Sultzer, David
superego
superior temporal sulcus
Supreme Court, U.S.
surprise
Surrealism
“Surrealism and Madness” (exhibition)
Swaab, Dick
sweating
switch dilemma
synapses; dysfunction of; memory and
synaptic cleft
synaptic pruning; excessive; insufficient
syphilis
System 1 mode of thinking
System 2 mode of thinking
target cells
taste
tau protein
Temkin, Ann
Temple of Apollo, Delphi
temporal lobe; memory and; removal; stimulation points on
temporal-parietal junction
terrorism
testes
testosterone
thalamus
Thanatos
theory of mind
Thorazine
thymine
touch
transference
transgender people; children and adolescents
transgenes
Treffert, Darold
Tretiakoff, Konstantin
trolley problem
Tversky, Amos
twelve-step programs
22q11 deletion syndrome
twins; autism in; bipolar disorder in; fraternal; identical; psychiatric disorders in; schizophrenia in
UCLA
unconscious; adaptive; biology of; boundaries between consciousness and; decision making; emotion; fear; Freudian view of; moral decisions and; mystery of; perception and; preconscious; psychotic art and
unemployment
unipolar depression
unity of experience
University College London
University of California, Berkeley
University of California, Davis
University of California, San Diego
University of California, San Francisco
University of Cambridge
University of East Anglia
University of Edinburgh
University of Göteborg
University of Heidelberg
University of Iowa
University of Manchester
University of Munich
University of New Mexico
University of Pennsylvania
University of Pittsburgh
University of Prague
University of Southern California
University of Sydney
University of Texas
University of Toronto
University of Vienna
Univers
ity of Washington
University of Wisconsin
van Gogh, Vincent
vasopressin
ventral tegmental area
ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Vienna
Vienna School of Art History
Vienna School of Medicine
Vietnam War
violence
virtual reality exposure therapy
vision; autism and; consciousness and
visual cortex
voles
Volkow, Nora
von Economo, Constantin
Wain, Louis; drawings of cats
wakefulness, biology of
walking
war veterans; addiction and; PTSD in
Washington University in St. Louis
Weill Cornell Medical Center
Weldon, L. D.
Wernicke, Carl
Wernicke’s area
Wexler, Milton
Wigström, Holger
will
Williams syndrome
Wilmanns, Karl
Wilson, Brian
Wilson, E. O.
Wilson, Timothy
Wiltshire, Stephen
Wimmer, Elliott
wisdom
Woodruff, Guy
Woolf, Virginia
working memory
World War I
World War II
worms
worthlessness
Wundt, Wilhelm
X-rays
Yale University
Zurich
PERMISSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Grateful acknowledgment is made for permission to reprint the following material:
Excerpts from Madness and Memory, copyright © 2014 by Stanley B. Prusiner, M.D. Reprinted by permission of Yale University Press.
Excerpts from The Riddle of Gender: Science, Activism, and Transgender Rights, copyright © 2005, 2006 by Deborah Rudacille. Used by permission of Pantheon Books, an imprint of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC. All rights reserved.
Excerpts from “The Best Way I Can Describe What It’s Like to Have Autism,” reprinted by permission of Eric McKinney.
Excerpts from Depression, Too, Is a Thing with Feathers, copyright © 2008 by Andrew Solomon; reprinted by permission of Routledge Publishing, a division of Taylor & Francis Group.
ILLUSTRATION CREDITS
Unless otherwise indicated, most illustrations were created or adapted by Sarah Mack or are in the public domain.
Brain illustrations were created by Terese Winslow.
Photograph of Golgi stain. Picture by Bob Jacobs.
Photograph of Uta Frith. Used with permission.
Diagram of eye movement patterns. Used with permission from Springer; courtesy of Kevin A. Pelphrey.
Diagram of theory of mind. Used with permission from Elsevier Books.
Diagram of single-nucleotide variation and diagram of copy number variations. Courtesy of Chris Willcox.
Photograph of child with Williams syndrome. Courtesy of Terry Monkaba.
Photograph of child with autism. Courtesy of Ursa Hoogle.
Photograph of Andrew Solomon. Used with permission from Andrew Solomon; courtesy of Timothy Greenfield-Sanders.
Photograph of Kay Redfield Jamison. Used with permission.
Photograph of Elyn Saks. Courtesy of USC Gould School of Law.
Photograph of H.M.’s brain and an intact brain. Courtesy of Press et al.
Photograph of an amyloid plaque and a neurofibrillary tangle in the brain. Picture by Nigel Cairns.
Diagram of amyloid plaque creation. Courtesy of Chris Willcox.
Diagram of tau protein misfolding. Courtesy of Chris Willcox.
Big Self-Portrait © Chuck Close; courtesy of Pace Gallery.
Roy II © Chuck Close; courtesy of Pace Gallery.
Detail of Roy II © Chuck Close; courtesy of Pace Gallery.
The Flamingoes by Henri Rousseau. Used with permission from Dennis Hallinan / Alamy Stock Photo.
Remorse, or Sphinx Embedded in the Sand by Salvador Dalí. Used with permission from Gala-Salvador Dalí Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS).
The brain of the fruit fly. Used with permission from Columbia University; courtesy of Pavan K. Auluck, H. Y. Edwin Chan, John Q. Trojanowski, Virginia M. Y. Lee, and Nancy M. Bonini.
Diagram of the valence of emotion. Courtesy of Paul Ekman.
Photograph of marine. Courtesy of the U.S. National Archives.
Diagram reconstructing the iron bar’s pathway through Gage’s brain. Adapted, with permission, from H. Damasio et al. 1994.
Diagram of the trolley problem. Courtesy of Luigi Corvaglia.
Diagram of the brain’s normal reward circuitry disrupted by addiction. Courtesy of Eric Nestler.
Photograph of Ben Barres. Used with permission.
ALSO BY ERIC R. KANDEL
Reductionism in Art and Brain Science: Bridging the Two Cultures
The Age of Insight: The Quest to Understand the Unconscious in Art, Mind, and Brain, from Vienna 1900 to the Present
In Search of Memory: The Emergence of a New Science of Mind
Principles of Neural Science (coauthor)
A NOTE ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Eric R. Kandel is a University Professor and the Fred Kavli Professor at Columbia University and a Senior Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his studies of learning and memory, he is the author of In Search of Memory: The Emergence of a New Science of Mind, a memoir that won a Los Angeles Times Book Prize; The Age of Insight: The Quest to Understand the Unconscious in Art, Mind, and Brain, from Vienna 1900 to the Present, which won the Bruno Kreisky Award in Literature, Austria’s highest literary prize; and Reductionism in Art and Brain Science: Bridging the Two Cultures, a book about the New York School of abstract art. He is also the coauthor of Principles of Neural Science, the standard textbook in the field. You can sign up for email updates here.
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CONTENTS
Title Page
Copyright Notice
Dedication
Epigraph
Introduction
1. What Brain Disorders Can Tell Us About Ourselves
2. Our Intensely Social Nature: The Autism Spectrum
3. Emotions and the Integrity of the Self: Depression and Bipolar Disorder
4. The Ability to Think and to Make and Carry Out Decisions: Schizophrenia
5. Memory, the Storehouse of the Self: Dementia
6. Our Innate Creativity: Brain Disorders and Art
7. Movement: Parkinson’s and Huntington’s Diseases
8. The Interplay of Conscious and Unconscious Emotion: Anxiety, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Faulty Decision Making
9. The Pleasure Principle and Freedom of Choice: Addictions
10. Sexual Differentiation of the Brain and Gender Identity
11. Consciousness: The Great Remaining Mystery of the Brain
Conclusion: Coming Full Circle
Notes
Acknowledgments
Index
Permissions Acknowledgments
Illustration Credits
Also by Eric R. Kandel
A Note About the Author
Copyright
Farrar, Straus and Giroux
175 Varick Street, New York 10014
Copyright © 2018 by Eric R. Kandel
All rights reserved
First edition, 2
018
Owing to limitations of space, all acknowledgments for permission to reprint previously published material and illustrations appear at the back of the book.
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The Disordered Mind Page 29