by Loren Glass
Summerfield, Arthur, 107–8
Suzuki, Daisetz T., 50–51
Szogyi, Alex, 45, 137–38
Tallmer, Jerry, 82–83
Tebbel, John, 15, 17, 207, 219n21, 222n65
temporality, and literature, 12, 83–84
Les temps modernes (journal), 19, 132
theater, as avantgarde, 6, 20–21, 66–69, 97. See also experimental theater; plays as printed text and playwrights; and specific playwrights
theater of the absurd, 65–66, 68, 70, 74, 78, 90–91, 94, 97
Thomas, François, 180
Topkis, Jay, 106–7
translators or translations: Beckett as selftranslator and, 39, 43–44, 62, 74; forewords or prefaces and, 58–59; Grove and, 33–34, 36–38, 44, 49–50, 58–59; poetry and, 58–60; writer/translator roles and, 198. See also world literature; and specific translators
Traveler’s Companion series, 16–17, 20, 39, 131, 142. See also Olympia Press
trials and obscenity law. See obscenity law trials; underground literature; vulgar modernism
Trilling, Lionel, 29, 106, 114, 120, 210
Trocchi, Alexander, 18–20, 69
Truffaut, François, The 400 Blows, 175, 185
Tutuola, Amos, 53–54, 54, 64
typographic styles: film books and, 177, 178; Kuhlman’s covers and, 43, 76, 76, 149, 150, 151, 157, 158; plays as printed text and, 71, 72, 73; radical literature and, 170, 170
underground literature: copyright protection and, 139–40; cover designs and, 10, 11, 124, 125, 142, 142; democratization of access to, 196, 200–201, 240n24; designs of books and, 136, 136; Edwardian era publications and, 131, 141; erotica and, 131, 139, 141–42; Evergreen and, 1; experts on literary value and, 138–39; fetishization of writing and, 136; Grove and, 25–26, 29, 39–40, 116, 126; homosocial networks and, 127–28; marketing in context of, 128–29, 234n83; Mishkin v. State of New York (1966) and, 128; modernism and, 132, 135–36; paratextual material and, 78, 80, 109, 134, 143; parodies of experts and, 143; pirated literature and, 102, 116, 123, 124, 128–29; plays as printed text and, 90; postwar liberalism crisis and, 137–38; power of writing and, 136; readers’ access to publications and, 144; Sade publications and, 10, 11, 132–38, 136; sexually explicit literature distribution and, 106, 128–32, 234n89; United States v. Ginzberg (1964) and, 128–29, 234n83; Victorian era publications and, 131, 138–42, 142, 144. See also obscenity law trials; vulgar modernism
UNESCO, 17, 34–38, 50, 55, 62
unions, and publishing, 194–96, 198, 203–5, 207, 208, 240n34
United Kingdom, 83, 230n5. See also specific playwrights
United States, 6, 10–11, 12, 88. See also specific publishers and writers
Venuti, Lawrence, 36
Victorian era publications, 131, 138–42, 142, 144. See also underground literature
Vietnam War, and radical literature, 145, 146, 166–68
Vogel, Amos, 173, 174, 189
vulgar modernism: counterculture representations and, 126–27; criminality and, 46, 78–79, 123–24, 127–28, 233n72; erotica and, 123; Evergreen and, 121, 122, 123, 127; homosexuality in literature and, 123–28, 125; literary value in context of, 21, 123–24; summary of, 123, 233n71. See also modernism; obscenity law trials; underground literature
Wainhouse, Austryn (pseud. Pieralessandro Casavini), 18–19, 133, 135–37
Waley, Arthur, 48, 50
Warren, Earl, 107, 129
Watts, Alan, 50
Weber, Max, 7
Weidenfeld, George, 215
Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 56–57
Weisman, Ann, 157, 158, 159
West Coast network, 10, 23–26, 26, 27
White, Edmund, 127
“White Negro,” 81–82, 212. See also African Americans
white people, 79–83, 147–49, 151–52, 156–57, 159. See also African Americans
Wilder, Thornton, 33, 34, 112
Williams, Martin, 63, 64
Wilson, Edmund, 104–5, 111, 127, 132
Wilson, Jason, 58
women: as employees at Grove, 195, 196, 201, 207, 208; erotica by, 196, 239n13; homosocial literary networks and, 125, 196. See also feminism; feminist takeover of Grove; gender politics; men
Woolsey, John, 102–3, 107
world literature: abstract expressionism and, 41, 224n32; aesthetic, sexual, and political convergence in career of, 45–46; African literature and, 53–55, 54; Asian literature and, 47–52, 49; collegestudent circuit and, 37; colophonic branding and, 37; cultural exchanges and, 34–36, 38, 54–56, 59–60, 62, 226n97; European male modernists and, 39–41, 42, 43–47, 62–63; European modernism and, 34–35, 37, 44, 46, 49, 55, 58; geopolitics and, 52, 55, 60; Japanese literature and, 47–51, 47–52; Latin American literature and, 55–62, 63; literary prestige and, 36, 38, 56–57, 225n85; Mexico in context of, 55–56, 59, 61–62; New Left and, 51; Nobel Prize winners and, 36, 40, 43, 52, 57, 59; paratextextual politics and, 58–59; Parisian network and, 38–39; poetry of Latin America and, 58–60; poetry of U.S. and, 62–64; political and literary alliances and, 61–62; primitivism and, 53, 54; summary of, 17, 33–39, 223n15, 230n5. See also Grove Press; translators or translations
Worthen, W. B., 65, 84, 98–99
Xirau, Ramón, 61
Zen Buddhism, 50
LOREN GLASS is professor of English at the University of Iowa, specializing in twentieth-and twenty-first-century literature and culture. His first book, Authors Inc.: Literary Celebrity in the Modern United States, 1880–1980, was published by New York University Press in 2004. In 2013, Stanford University Press published the first edition of Rebel Publisher, under the title Counterculture Colophon: Grove Press, the Evergreen Review, and the Incorporation of the AvantGarde. Glass’s writing and teaching focuses on the literature and culture of the sixties, obscenity and censorship, drugs and literature, and the rock album era. He is a member of the Post45 collective and coedits their book series.