specific fuel consumption (SFC) of, 151
environmental chambers, 119–20
environmental control systems, 196–197, 206
Erhart, Ron, 73, 79–80, 82–83, 96, 124, 157–59, 188–89, 200–202
FADEC engine regulators, 243
Faibisoff, Sara, 379, 381, 386
Fairchild VZ-5 “deflected slipstream” aircraft, 33–34
Farnborough International Airshow, 46–47, 377
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 159–60, 188, 257, 338, 366
First Convertible Aircraft Congress (1949), 25, 31
First to Fight (Krulak), 53
Fitch, William F., 102–3, 138–40, 142
flight control system, 58, 201–2, 235, 236, 262, 294–97, 311, 322–24, 325, 341
inadequate testing of, 322, 323–24
of JVX design, 105, 113, 118, 132–133, 148, 166, 195, 206
see also Thrust Control Lever
flight envelope, 247, 250, 261, 282–83, 288, 354, 357
flight testing, 147, 161, 193, 194–99, 200–202, 257–85, 329, 334–36, 342, 352–60
autorotation in, 335–36
at Bell Helicopter, 27, 28, 36–38, 41, 42, 395
compressed schedule of, 248–249, 250–51, 261, 282–83
in computerized flight simulators, 355
developmental, 216–17, 226, 248–51, 261, 283, 288, 335–36
of downwash effects, 364
of flight envelope, 250, 282–83, 288
HROD tests in, 353, 355–59, 369
mock missions in, 2–3, 244, 251–252, 262–74, 366–67, 372
operational, 216–17, 226, 248, 249–52; see also OPEVAL
test cards in, 354–55
vortex ring state in, 325, 339, 340, 343, 350, 351, 353, 355–59, 360
Focke-Wulf 61 (Fw 61), 18, 19, 23, 30–31
FOD (foreign object debris), 197, 201–2, 292
Franklin Institute, 18–21
Freisner, Lynn, 196–99, 200–202
FRP (Full Rate Production), 244, 248, 250, 251, 252, 257, 258, 277, 278, 280, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289–90, 300, 304–5, 307, 313, 314, 330, 364–65, 369
FSD (Full Scale Development), 146–50, 154, 157, 164–65, 177, 183, 184, 192, 193–94, 204, 208, 237–38, 247, 333
Fulton Pickup System, 39–41, 142
fuselage, 117, 118, 119, 125, 126, 129, 130, 131, 161–62, 164, 206
frames and formers of, 132, 245–46
Gaffey, Troy, 29, 48, 109–10, 124–25
Gaffney, Frank, 315
Gaillard, Lee, 375–76
Gallagher, Paul, 304, 309
Gard, Gerald, 104
Geiger, Roy S., 54
General Electric engine design, 150–52
General Motors-Allison engine design, 150–52
Geren, Preston M., Jr., 185, 187, 190, 203, 204, 231–32
Ghormley, Timothy, 310
Glenn, John, 54, 63, 176
Glosson, Buster, 179–80
Goldwater, Barry, 85–86, 94
XV-15 piloted by, 95–96, 327
Gore, Al, 237
Gorenstein, Nathan, 236
Gray, Alfred M., Jr., 163–64, 178–79, 190, 193, 196, 203–4, 205
Great Britain, 1–3, 33, 34, 59, 142–43, 182, 253–54, 377
Farnborough International Airshow of, 46–47, 377
Harrier jet fighter of, 34, 59, 89, 153, 156
Griffith, Thomas W., 118, 127, 130
Grina, Kenneth, 124–25, 128–29, 130–31, 206
Grohsmeyer, Steve, 353–54, 356–58
Gruber, Brooks S. “Chucky,” 260, 265–74, 279, 280–83, 284–85, 308–9, 313–14
Gruber, Connie, 284, 308–9, 313, 314, 324–25
Grumman F-14 Tomcat, 90, 173, 182–83
Gulf War, 194–95, 242, 259
gyroplane, 19, 25
Hagee, Michael, 375–76
Harkin, Tom, 209–10
Harmon, E. N., 17–18
Harrier “jump jet” fighter plane, 34, 59, 89, 153, 156
Harris, Jennifer, 374
Hart, Derek, 131
helicopters, 9, 10, 18–25, 26–32, 38, 55, 56–65, 73, 85, 123, 154, 184, 256, 339, 382, 384
of Army, 20, 27–28, 29, 41, 78, 111, 173
autorotation landing by, 11, 325, 328, 334, 335–36
basic configurations of, 117
in cartoons, 32
compound, 35, 36, 98
disk loading of, 114
German, 18, 19, 23, 30–31
hovering by, 11, 112
hydraulic system of, 133, 290
in Iran hostage rescue mission, 59–68
in Korean War, 32, 57
limited airspeed of, 8, 24, 32, 41, 56, 58, 59, 66, 76, 82, 181
of Marine Corps, 55, 56–65, 69, 71–72, 109, 241
Model 47, 27
noise of, 41–42, 59
Platt-LePage, 30–31
power lever (collective) of, 157–59, 200, 246
presidential use of, 27
Sikorsky, 22, 23, 396
slow public acceptance of, 32
speed records of, 56
stabilizer bar of, 21
tail rotor of, 22, 117
takeoff of, 221
on television, 27
torque problem of, 21–22
vibration damage to, 60
vibration of, 221
in Vietnam War, 56, 57, 58, 60, 63, 78, 109, 113, 276, 327, 335, 393
vortex ring state avoidance by, 282–83, 336–37, 338, 357
in World War II, 23–24
Young’s models of, 21, 23, 31
Herrick, Gerardus Post “Gerard,” 10, 11–13, 19, 20, 24, 25, 31, 107–8
Higgins boats, 54
Hirschberg, Michael J., 34
Hoffmann, Ted, 43, 45
Honey Badger, Operation, 68
honeycomb, 129–31, 132
Horner, Leonard M. “Jack,” 94–95, 96, 101–2, 105, 144, 145–46, 148–149, 157, 169, 182, 190–91, 254
Hough, Michael A., 361–64, 365
House of Representatives, U.S., 92, 94, 101, 102, 160, 193, 205–8, 231–32
Armed Services Committee of, 99, 152–53, 176, 183, 211, 234, 330–31, 375
Committee on Military Affairs of, 9, 17, 19
Defense Appropriations Subcommittee of, 207–8, 328
Ethics Committee of, 176
hover efficiency, 114
Howell, Mary, 205, 207, 210
HROD (High Rate of Descent) flight tests, 353, 355–59, 369
Hughes AH-64 Apache, 78, 173
Hussein, Saddam, 195, 232, 373
hydraulic system, 133, 341, 385
failures of, 290, 294–96, 311, 321
redesign of, 350, 359
wire chafing of, 322–23, 342, 363
infrared suppressors, 113, 118
Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA), 191–93, 203, 334, 337, 338, 358
Internet, 319–20, 326, 332, 374
Iran, 47–48, 77–78
Iran hostage rescue mission, 59–69, 78, 89, 90, 263, 366
Desert One debacle in, 64–65, 67–68, 76, 94, 181, 325
fatalities of, 64–65, 68
haboobs in, 62
Newsweek analysis of, 68
plan of, 61
Iraq War, 4–5, 365, 370–87, 392
aeroscout missions in, 379
Anbar Province in, 373–74, 380–81
see also VMM-263 squadron
Iron Triangle, 94, 205, 321
Isaacs, John, 312
James, Brian, 217–33, 235
Jarman, Chris, 297, 298
Jarman, Stevie and Sue, 294, 297, 298
Joiner, Webb, 165, 248, 254, 256–57
Jolly Green Association, 328–29
Jones, James L., Jr., 240–43, 280, 286, 287, 301, 302, 303, 318, 314–15, 316, 318, 342, 361, 378, 388
Jones, Warren, 27, 36
JORD (Joint Operational Requirements Document), 91–9
2, 98, 116, 250
Journal of the American Helicopter Society, 56–57
Joyce, Sean, 214–15, 218–33
Joyce, Yvonne, 215, 233
Judge Advocate General Manual (JAGMAN) investigations, 321–24
JVX (Joint Services, Vertical Lift and Experimental), 7–8, 14, 88–106, 136–67
Army’s withdrawal from, 137–42, 144–45, 161, 177
Bell-Boeing contract bid for, 7–8, 14, 20, 103–4, 116, 117, 119, 137, 146
Blot as program manager of, 154, 155–59, 161
Congressional funding of, 92–95, 99, 101, 102–3, 137, 138
cost of, 98, 129, 132
design competition for, 98, 101–4
financing of, 97, 99, 101, 104
long lead items in, 183–84
new engine design for, 150–52
JVX operational requirements, 98, 102, 105–6, 107–116, 131–35, 140, 149, 206–8, 248, 325, 333, 366, 389
airspeed in, 98, 105, 108
altitude in, 98, 112
amphibious assault ship compatibility in, 108, 111, 112–13, 118, 126, 127, 129, 194–95, 327–28
autorotation in, 325, 335
defensive weapons in, 113, 153, 378
electronic gear in, 105, 108, 113
escape clause in, 116
infrared suppressors in, 113, 118
range in, 105, 108, 112, 135, 151, 206, 248
rotor size in, 108, 114, 119, 135
size in, 101, 105, 108, 110–12, 118, 124
survivability in, 113, 132–33, 201, 235–36, 246, 295
weight in, 113, 131–33
wing stow mechanism in, 127
JVX preliminary design, 107–35, 146, 147, 148–49, 164–65, 380
appearance of, 134–35
Composite Flex Ring in, 128–29
composite structures of, 119–22, 125, 126–31, 132, 148, 206, 236, 245–46
configuration of, 117–18
design gross weight in, 113, 114
disk loading of, 114, 166, 195, 327–28
engines of, 114, 118, 132, 133, 135, 150–52, 206, 215, 246
flight controls of, 105, 113, 118, 132–33, 148, 166, 195, 206
fuselage frames and formers of, 132, 245–46
fuselage of, 117, 118, 119, 125, 126, 129, 130, 131, 132, 161–62, 164, 206
honeycomb in, 129–31, 132
H-shaped tail of, 129, 135
hydraulic system of, 133
nacelles of, 118, 126, 133, 135, 151
power lever of, 157–59, 200
proprotor blades of, 108, 112, 113, 117–18, 119, 120, 130, 133, 135, 141
risk reduction studies in, 119, 132
rotor grips of, 120–22, 206
skin of, 119, 125, 130–31, 132
sponsons of, 135
testing of, 104, 119–22, 128, 132
unrealistic requirements for, 107–16, 133–35
weight problem in, 108, 113–15, 118, 119, 120, 126, 129–34, 151, 166, 206, 246
wing of, 135, 246
wing stow mechanism of, 118, 126–29, 132, 138, 206, 246
Kalista, Cliff, 43
Karem, Abraham, 396
Keith, Kelly, 261, 274
Kelley, Bartram, 28–29, 30, 42, 48
Kelley, P. X., 86–88, 91, 99, 138, 141, 154, 156, 160, 163
Kevlar composite, 131
Khomeini, Ayatollah, 60
Khosrowdad, Manuchehr, 47
Kisor, Ronald, 352–53
Klemin, Alexander, 9, 12, 18, 19, 20, 30, 34, 105
Knight Ridder Newspapers, 316
Knott, Sandy, 218, 233
Korean War, 32, 56, 57, 58
Krulak, Charles, 53, 244
Krulak, Victor H., 53
Krupp, Dennis, 305–6
Kurtz, Howard, 303
Lambert, Merrill, 12–13
Lawrence, William S., 73–76, 85–86
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 192
Leader, Gary, 214–15, 218–33
Leberman, Odin “Fred,” 306, 307, 310, 312, 314, 343, 344
LeCloux, Marty, 164, 216, 219, 220
Lehman, John Francis, Jr., 83–85, 87–88, 97, 130, 136–61, 173, 229
appearance of, 84
Army’s threatened withdrawal stopped by, 140–42
background of, 83, 84
Blot appointed by, 155–59
fixed-price FSD contract demanded by, 146–50, 164–65, 238, 333
managerial style of, 84–85
new engine design chosen by, 150–52
“Osprey” name picked by, 136–37
tiltrotor advocated by, 85, 88, 91, 94, 99, 103, 137, 204–5, 377
as XV-15 guest pilot, 83, 100–101
“Young Winston” nickname acquired by, 83–84
Leishman, J. Gordon, 337, 338–39
Leonard, Bill, 350, 356
LePage, W. Laurence, 30–31
Lichten, Robert L., 29–31, 48, 109, 134
Lockheed, 15
Fulton Pickup System design of, 39–41, 142
Marietta factory of, 28, 39–40
Lockheed XFV-1 Pogo, 33
Lombardo, Joe, 162
LRIP (Low Rate Initial Production), 241–43, 247–48, 251, 252–53, 258, 261, 287, 288–89, 292–99, 311, 335
Lundberg, Darwin, 97
Lunn, Ken, 230
Lynn, Bob, 111, 115, 116, 125
McArtor, Allan, 160
McCorkle, Fred, 257, 276–78, 279–83, 299–301, 302–6, 311–12, 315
McCrary, Dan, 149, 165
McCutcheon, Keith, 57, 58, 59
McDonald, Henry, 333, 340
Macdonald, Tom, 218–21, 223, 224, 229–30, 350, 352–54, 356–59, 375
McDonnell Aircraft Company, 15, 34, 36
McDonnell Douglas Corporation, 156
McIntyre, Jamie, 284
McKinley Climatic Laboratory, 213–17, 236–37
McKinney, Justin “Moon,” 378
Magnus, Robert, 70–72, 138, 139, 140, 141, 255–56, 376, 378
JVX and, 91, 96, 97, 98, 99–100, 106
Mahler, Doris, 219–20, 230
maintenance scandal, VMMT-204, 4, 304–16, 317, 320–21, 343–44, 361
Carlson’s tape recordings in, 307–8, 309–10, 311, 314, 344
maintenance scandal (cont.)
60 Minutes in, 308, 309–11, 312–14, 315
Mallen, Joseph P., 101, 122, 124, 125, 136, 148–49
Marana crash, 1–3, 4, 262–85, 298, 299, 300, 308, 309, 310, 311, 313–14, 325, 386, 391
crash investigation of, 275–76, 277–78, 280–83, 287
funerals after, 279, 287
impact speed of, 275–76
Marine ground troop passengers in, 262, 263, 265, 266, 272, 273–74, 278, 287
media coverage of, 274–75, 277–85, 287, 288
in mock missions practice, 2–3, 262–74
pilots’ disaffection caused by, 277, 279–80, 287, 293
vortex ring state as cause of, 281–83, 285, 287, 288, 319, 334, 336, 337
Marine Corps, U.S., 1–5, 15, 32, 52–76, 83, 84, 86–91, 110–13, 125, 152–55, 163, 231, 234, 240–43, 248, 251–52, 255, 259, 278–79, 286–316, 317, 320–21, 325, 329, 333, 342, 347–48, 376, 386, 387, 388–89, 393–94, 395
airspeed sought by, 56–59, 66
amphibious warfare specialty of, 32, 46, 54–56, 57, 58–59, 86–87, 112–13, 140, 154, 177, 192–93, 195, 204–5, 258, 319
atomic bomb tests and, 54–55
Bell tiltrotors and, 72, 73, 76, 87
budget allotment of, 50, 53, 66–67, 69, 71, 76, 87, 88, 99, 138–39
cake-cutting ritual of, 52–53
Cheney cancellation opposed by, 176–81, 184, 185, 186–87, 193, 194, 202–8
CH-46 Sea Knights replacement sought by, 57–58, 69, 71–72, 86–88, 89, 90–91, 97, 98, 113, 173, 204–5, 241, 244, 259, 277, 332, 377 392
combined air-ground task force of, 63, 252
Congress influenc
ed by, 178, 203–4, 213, 244–45, 303, 321, 328
dual-sling operation of, 192–93
envisioned missions of, 154–55
ground troops of, 262, 263, 265, 266, 272, 273–74, 278, 287
Harrier jet fighters bought by, 34, 59, 153, 156
helicopters of, 55, 56–65, 69, 71–72, 109, 241
Higgins boats of, 54
history of, 53–56
HMX-1 helicopter squadron of, 55, 57, 100, 194, 226
in Iran hostage rescue mission, 59–69
Iwo Jima flag-raising of, 54, 155
JVX and, 88–91, 96–97, 98, 102, 105, 138–42, 143
media coverage of, 303–4
MV-22B version of, 245–46, 248, 348, 369, 370–87, 392–93
in National Security Act, 55–56
Pentagon Headquarters of, 4, 71–72, 75, 85–88, 138, 213, 257, 277, 301, 364–65
projected V-22 purchases of, 98, 141, 245, 310, 369
Quantico base of, 212–13, 216–31, 240, 249, 259, 274, 286, 313
size of, 53
Truman and, 55, 56
2001 target date of, 244, 248, 250, 258
vertical envelopment tactic of, 55, 56
VTOL aircraft desired by, 56–59
see also Iran hostage rescue mission; MOTT
Marine Corps Birthday Balls, 52–53, 136
Mark, Hans, 144–45, 160
Marsh, John O., Jr., 103, 140–41
Marshall, Greg, 120–22
Martin, Paul, 217–19, 221, 224, 225, 227
Martin, Stanley, Jr., 115, 133–34
Martin Marietta Corporation, 318, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331
Matsunaga, Hikaru, 187
MAWTS-1 (Marine Air Weapons and Tactics Squadron One), 63–64, 65–68, 71, 251–52, 259, 260, 262, 263, 265, 274, 275, 276, 279, 372
Mayan, Jerry, 219–33
Mayan, Kathi, 233, 237
Meyer, Carlton W., 319–20, 326, 332
Milestone III, 277, 278, 285, 290, 300, 301, 302, 304, 305, 306, 307, 337, 365, 369
military, U.S., 14–18, 31, 32–34
active-duty personnel of, 15
budget of, 15, 318
in Depression era, 13, 15, 16
joint programs of, 65, 89–90
“patient capital” provided by, 14, 49
military-industrial complex, 14–15, 25, 94, 202, 209, 318
Miller, Parker, 185–86, 205, 206–8
Miller, Thomas H., Jr., 54–55, 56, 57–59, 63, 73, 75
Model 50 Convert-O-Plane, 31
Moffitt, Michael, 261, 265, 266, 267, 270, 271–72, 293, 297–98
Moody, Joe, 71, 91
MOTT (Multiservice Operational Test Team), 216–17, 226, 228, 231, 241, 249–53, 257–85, 286–287, 289–90, 291, 299, 334, 345, 366, 373
Mundy, Carl E., Jr., 205–6, 226
Murphy, Michael L. “Murf,” 259, 260, 266, 272, 273, 275
in New River crash, 291–301, 314, 322–24
The Dream Machine Page 58