by Ralph Bauer
Varón Gabai, Rafael. Francisco Pizarro and His Brothers: The Illusion of Power in Sixteenth-century Peru. Trans. Javier Flores Espinoza. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997.
Veber, Hanne. “Ashánika Messianism.” Current Anthropology 44:2 (April 2003): 183–211.
Verdesio, Gustavo. “Traducción y contrato en la obra de Titu Cusi Yupanqui.” Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 72 (1995): 403–412.
Wachtel, Nathan. The Vision of the Vanquished: The Spanish Conquest of Peru through Indian Eyes, 1530–1570. Trans. Ben and Siân Reynolds. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1977.
Editions and Translations of Titu Cusi Yupanqui’s Account
Relación de la Conquista del Perú y hechos del Inca Manco II. Ed. Horacio H. Urteaga, Collección de Libros y Documentos relativos a la Historia del Perú, t. II. Lima: Imprenta y Librería San Martí y Compañía, 1916.
Relación de la Conquista del Perú. Titu Cusi Yupanqui. Edición de Francisco Carillo. Lima: Ediciones de la Biblioteca Universitaria, 1973.
“Titu Cusi’s account of Manco’s rebellion.” In New Iberian World: A Documentary History of the Discovery and Settlement of Latin America to the Early 17th Century, ed. John H. Parry and Robert G. Keith, 134–145. New York: Times Books, Hector & Rose, 1984.
“Titu Cusi’s Account of Manco’s Flight to Vitcos.” In New Iberian World: A Documentary History of the Discovery and Settlement of Latin America to the Early 17th Century, ed. John H. Parry and Robert G. Keith, 268–272. New York: Times Books, Hector & Rose, 1984.
Ynstrucción del Ynga Don Diego de Castro Titu Cusi Yupangui. Edición facsímil de Luis Millones. Lima: Ediciones El Virrey, 1985.
Instrucción al licenciado don Lope García de Castro (1570). Ed. Liliana Regalado de Hurtado. Lima: Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 1992.
Die Erschütterung der Welt: Ein Inka-König berichtet über den Kampf gegen die Spanier. Ed. and trans. Martin Lienhard. Augsburg: Bechtermünz Verlag, 1995.
Instrucción del Inca don Diego de Castro Titu Cusi Yupanqui. Ed. Alessandra Luiselli. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2001.
Glossary of Quechua and Spanish Terms
Appearing in the Text
Unless otherwise noted, terms are Quechua in origin.
Anti. Inhabitants of the Antisuyu.
Antisuyu. One of the four parts of the Inca Empire, located in a south-easterly direction from Cuzco, in the subtropical slopes of the Andes.
Apo. Lord, master.
Audiencia (Spanish). High court and colonial agency directly answerable to the Crown.
Bohío (taíno, Haiti). House, hut, or building.
Cañari. An ethnic group living in the southern part of present-day Ecuador and famous for their archery.
Chachapoya. An ethnic group living on the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern Peru
Chinchaysuyu. One of the four parts of the Inca empire, located to the northwest of Cuzco, in present-day northern Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia.
Cuntisuyu. One of the four parts of the Inca empire, located to the southwest of Cuzco, including parts of present-day Arequipa and Ayacucho.
Collasuyu. One of the four parts of the Inca empire, located to the south of Cuzco toward Lake Titicaca, including parts of present-day Bolivia, northwest Argentina, and Chile.
Corregidor (Spanish). Holder of high official imperial office with judicative and executive powers, ruling a district called a corregimiento.
Coya. Title for a female member of the Inca nobility who could claim descent from Manco Capac by her paternal line.
Huaca. Sacred thing or space in Inca culture.
Oidor (Spanish). Judge serving in the royal audiencia.
Repartimiento (Spanish). Royal grant of native tribute labor to an individual.
Supai. Supernatural being, good or evil.
Tahuantinsuyu. The Inca empire and world, made up of four parts: Cuntisuyu, Chinchaysuyu, Collasuyu, and Antisuyu.
Tecsi Viracocha. Original godhead.
Tome (tume). A ceremonial knife with a half-round blade generally made of copper.
Usnu. The Inca’s ceremonial seat and a symbol of his dignity and power.
Villca. A sacred object in Inca religion.
Viracocha. The name for an androgynous deity used in many parts of the Andes.
Yanacona. Servants dedicated to powerful person or deity.
Yunca. Ethnic group inhabiting the tropical or subtropical valleys and coastal regions.
Index
Acobamba River, 131, 132
Acostambo, 121
Almagro, Diego de, 4, 9, 10, 117, 145nn65, 67
Anaya, Atilano de, 133, 147n90
Andrien, Kenneth, 13
Anta, 37
Antallca, 29, 105
Anti (ethnic group), 106, 112, 113, 114, 117, 122, 126, 144n59
Antisuyu, 2, 29, 77, 103, 105, 144n59
Antonico, 103, 109, 112, 113
Araua Ocllo, 55n29
Atahuallpa, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 18, 19, 20, 31, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 48, 52n12, 55n29, 60; encounters Spaniards at Cajamarca, 61–62; executed by Spaniards, 69, 74, 91, 137n7, 140n12, 141n24, 144n58, 145n70, 146n85; made prisoner by Spaniards, 62, 63; pays ransom to Spaniards and has Huascar murdered, 66–68
Atoc Suyru, 124
Atun Viracocha, 89, 143n44
Augustinians, 18, 132, 133, 135, 147nn89, 91, 92
Avila, Franscisco de, 20
Aztecs, 24
Barba, Francisco, 125, 147n79
Beatriz (daughter of Saire Topa), 15, 53n18, 131, 147n90
Betanzos, Juan de, 19, 26, 37, 43, 55n29, 129, 146n85
Biblioteca del Monasterio de San Lorenzo del Escorial, 12, 48, 50
Cachicachi, 29
Cajamarca, 1, 4, 6, 9, 18, 51n4, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 74, 77, 89, 91, 107, 139n7, 140n12, 141n18, 142n40
Calancha, Antonio de, 17
Callca, 103, 104, 105
Cañari, 108
Cañizares Esguerra, Jorge, 31
Capi, 71, 72
Caribbean, 2, 42, 140n11, 142n35
Carillo, Francisco, 49
Carlos V (Charles V, King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor), 24, 73, 128
Carlos Inca, 13
Carmen Martín Rubio, María del, 49
Carmenga, 29, 104, 105
Castilian, 13; and Andeans, 13
Castro Titu Cusi Yupanqui, Diego, 1, 10, 11, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 48, 49, 50n1, 51n3, 53nn16, 18, 53–54n20, 54n26, 55n29, 57, 114, 126, 128, 135, 136, 139, 139n3, 140nn12, 13, 141n22, 142n32, 144nn56, 59, 146nn79, 82, 85, 86, 147nn89, 90, 91, 92; his account, textual history, 12; and alphabetical writing, 18–20; biography, 12–23; dress, 17; gives power of attorney to García de Castro, 136–138; his language, 12–14; his legitimacy as ruler, 37–41; makes peace with Spaniards and converts to Christianity, 128–135; negotiations with Spaniards, 16; and non-alphabetical traditions, 20–21, 28–30, 35; poetics of narrative, 17–18; relationship with the licentiate García de Castro, 15; relationship with Marcos García, 16; religious policy, 15–16; requests that his narrative be written down and appeals to García de Castro to present his narrative to Philip II, 135–136; rhetorical purpose of his account, 32, 35–36; rule of Vilcabamba, 16–17; takes charge of Vilcabamba, 10; transmission history of his account, 48–50
Chachapoya (ethnic group), 108, 118, 145n68
Challcochima, 69, 70, 89, 91, 141n31, 144n58
Chanca, 40
Chang-Rodríguez, Raquel, 32
Chinchaysuyu, 2, 29, 77, 103, 105, 139
Chuquichaca, 15, 132
Cieza de León, Pedro de, 26, 37, 49
Classen, Constance, 20, 42
Collasuyu, 2, 29, 77, 103, 105
Condorcanqui Topa Amaru II, José Gabriel, 11
Conoc, 61
Coriatao, 29, 103, 105, 124
Cortés, Hernando, 2
Count of Nieva. See López de Zuñiga, Die
go
coya, 25, 36–37
Coyllas, 103
Cuenca, González de, Gregorio. See González de Cuenca, Gregorio
Cuillas, 29, 105
Cullcomayo, 111, 114
Cuntisuyu, 2, 77, 103, 105
Cura Oclo, 40–41, 75, 118, 123
Curi Huallpa, 29, 105
Cusi Guaman, Martín, 138
Cusi Rimache Yupanqui, 123, 126, 135
Cuzco, 2, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 29, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 40, 43, 44, 53n18, 55n29, 59, 63, 63, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 77, 97, 101, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 117, 118, 123, 124, 126, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 139n7, 146nn82, 85, 86, 90, 91, 92
Dominicans, 24, 45, 128
D’Altroy, Terence, 48
Extremadura, 2
García de Castro, Lope, 14, 15, 22, 26, 35, 57, 128, 135, 136, 137, 138
García, Marcos, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 25, 26, 27, 41–43, 46, 56n33, 133, 135, 136, 138, 139, 142n37, 143n47, 144n57, 146n85, 147n92; Lascasian rhetoric of, 24–25; traces of his translation in Titu Cusi’s text, 41–43
Garcilaso de la Vega, el Inca, 26, 32, 52n18
Gasca, Pedro de la, 10
González de Cuenca, Gregorio, 130–131
González Echevarría, Roberto, 22
Guaman Poma de Ayala, Felipe de, 5, 7, 8, 19, 21, 28, 32, 33, 34, 37, 43, 44, 49, 141n22, 144n57
Guanca (ethnic group), 120, 121, 145nn70, 74
Guari Villca, 120, 121, 122
Guarnachuco, 61
Hanke, Lewis, 19, 25
Hemming, John, 10, 13, 15, 17, 40, 41
Huaipar, 113, 123
Huallpa Yupanqui, Pablo, 138
Huaman Quilcana, 29, 105
Huamanga, 134
Huarochirí Manuscript, 20
Huascar Inca, 4, 5, 6, 9, 31, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 48, 55n29, 61, 66, 68, 139nn5, 7
Huaspar, 122
Huaylas, 37
Huayna Capac, 1, 2, 4, 9, 31, 36, 37, 40, 51n2, 53n18, 55n29, 57, 59, 61, 67, 81, 114, 117, 137, 139nn1, 2, 5, 7
Hurtado de Mendoza, Andrés (Marquis de Cañete), 10, 128, 146n83
hybridity, 11–16, 20, 30, 43, 45, 46
Inca Yupanqui, 40
Incas, 1; civil war and question of succession, 3–5; empire, 1–3; kinship rules and legitimacy for rulership, 32–36; rebellion and neo-Inca state, 9; and Spanish puppet government, 6–8; traditions of history, 26–28, 30–31, 35
Jaquijaguana, 70, 91
Jauja, 114, 120, 121
Jiménez de la Espada, Marcos, 49
Julien, Catherine, 13, 33, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41
Keith, Robert, 49
Kubler, George, 15
Las Casas, Bartolomé de, 24–25
Las Salinas, 10
Lienhard, Martin, 49
Lima, 9, 14, 15, 49, 86, 97, 102, 103, 111, 114, 117, 131, 146n82; Royal Councils of, 13
Llacjapalanga, 120
Llicllic, 29, 103, 105
Lockhart, James, 21
López de Zuñiga, Diego (Count of Nieva), 14, 129, 130
Luiselli, Alessandra, 17, 49
Luque, Hernando de, 4
MacCormack, Sabine, 31
MacLeod, Murdo, 23
Maldonado, Diego, 122
Manco Capac, 31, 33, 36, 37, 55n29, 55n30, 140n13, 142n36
Manco Inca, 6, 9, 10, 12, 14, 25, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 57, 59, 63; legitimacy as ruler, 37; had word of Spanish arrival, 64–65; sends messengers to Cajamarca, 65; receives Spanish messengers at Cuzco, 65–66; 67, 68; comes to Spaniards’ aid, 69; orders the burning of Challcochima, 70; pursues Quisquis, 71; first imprisonment by Spaniards, 73–76; appeals to his subjects for collecting of ransom, 76–78; makes speech to Spaniards, 79–81, 82; addresses Francisco Pizarro, 83–84, 86; imprisoned the second time and makes second speech to Spaniards, 87–88; addresses Spaniards, 94–95; turns over Ynguill instead of coya to Spaniards, 96–97; addresses Spaniards, 99–100; kills Pascac, 100–101; addresses chiefs, 101–102; removes to Callca, 103; commands Vila Oma to hold off the attack on the Spaniards, 106; addresses his chiefs at Tambo, 108–109; gives “instructions” to his subjects before withdrawing to Antisuyu, 112–116; arrives at Vitcos, 117; defeats Spaniards at Oroncoy, 118–120; fights Guancas and desecrates Guari Villca, 121–122, 123; death, 125; dying speech to his captains, 125–127; dying speech to Titu Cusi, 127–128; 135, 136, 137, 139nn2, 7, 141n19, 142nn31, 32, 145nn67, 69, 146nn79, 82
Mannheim, Bruce, 13
Maras, 112
Matienzo, Hernando, 132
Matienzo, Juan de, 15, 132
Melo, García de, 131, 132
Méndez Gómez, Diego, 147n79
Mexico, 2, 4
Mignolo, Walter, 23
Millones, Luis, 32, 49
Moseley, Michael, 3
Moyomoyo (ethnic group), 112
New Laws, 24
Niles, Susan, 27, 30
Ninan Coyoche, 2, 139n5
Núñez de Balboa, Vasco, 2
Núñez Vela, Blasco, 10
Ocampo, Baltasar de, 16
Olvera, Luis de, 14
Oñate, Pedro de, 12, 118, 124, 145n67
Orco Varanca, 124
orejones, 33, 37, 143n48
Orgóñez, Rodrigo, 111, 117, 122, 145nn65, 76
Oroncoy, 118, 120
Ortiz, Diego, 16, 53n16, 135, 136, 138, 139
Osca, 103
Ozcollo, 124
Pachacuti Inca, 40, 61, 117
Pachar, 111
Pagden, Anthony, 25
Pallacoca, 55n29
Pampaconac, 123
panaca, 35, 36, 41
Panama, 2, 4
Pando, Martín de, 12, 16, 22, 27, 43, 45–46, 129, 132, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 140nn9, 10, 140n14, 146n85, 147n94
Parry, John, 49
Pascapampa, 111
Pascac, 100, 113
Paullu Topa, 9, 13, 17, 37, 38, 72, 122, 145n77
Pérez de Vivero, Gonzalo, 132, 133
Peru, 4, 10, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 26, 31, 32, 38, 40, 45, 52n14, 57, 59, 111, 128, 135, 136, 137, 139n7, 145nn68, 70, 146n83
Philip II (King of Spain), 12, 22, 57, 58, 136, 137
Pillcorumi, 122
Pizarro, Francisco, 2, 6, 7, 10, 19, 21, 37, 51n4, 65, 66, 70, 71, 81, 86, 97, 101, 142n40, 146nn79, 85
Pizarro, Gonzalo, 10, 24, 25, 40, 41, 75, 79, 81, 84–88, 93, 95–98, 101, 117, 122, 128
Pizarro, Hernando, 10, 75, 79, 81, 84, 85, 86, 101, 132
Pizarro, Juan, 9, 41, 75, 81, 84, 86, 88, 101, 103, 107, 143n46
Polo de Ondegardo, Juan, 43, 129, 146n85
primogeniture, 35–38, 139n3
Puma Qurco, 88
Queancalla, 107
Quechua, 12, 13, 14, 21, 42, 45, 46, 48, 49, 52n14, 55n32, 140nn9, 11, 14, 141n26, 143n45, 145n72, 146n85; and Spanish language policy, 13–14
Quicana, 103
quipu, 17, 20, 27, 28, 144n53
Quiso Yupanqui, 102, 103
Quispe Titu, Felipe, 15, 131, 132, 147n90
Quisquis, 4, 6, 31, 69, 70–73, 77, 139n7
Quito, 2, 4, 49, 73, 120
Rabanto, 118, 145n68
Rama, Angel, 21–22
Rauanto, 120
Rayangalla, 133, 134
Regalado de Hurtado, Liliana, 49
relación, 22–23
requirimiento, 19
Reyes, Melchor de los, 129
Rodríguez, Diego, 131, 132
Rodríguez de Figueroa, Diego, 17, 39–40
Romero, Carlos, 49
Ronpa Yupanqui, 29, 103, 105
Rostworowski de Diez Canseco, María, 40
Rowe, John, 31
Sacsasiray, 108, 109
Saczahuaman, 107, 109
Saire Topa, 10, 15, 30, 32, 41, 43, 52n11, 53n18, 129, 146nn82, 84, 147n90
Salomon, Frank, 18
Santacruz Pachacuti Yamqui, Juan de, 21, 49
Santiago, 43, 44, 144n57
Santos Atahuallpa, Juan, 11, 52n12
Sarmiento de Gamboa, Pedro de, 26, 31, 32, 38, 39, 53n26, 55n29
Sausa, 111
Sepúlveda, Juan Ginés de, 24
Sierra, Juan, 129
Sisa Ocllo, Angelina, 133
Someda, Hidefuji, 49
Soto, Hernando de, 70, 71, 72, 142n32
Sullca Varac, 135
Sullca Yanac, Gaspar, 138
supai, 42, 45, 75, 88, 94, 116
Surandaman, 103
Suri Uallpa, 103
Suya Yupanqui, 135
Tahuantinsuyu, 1, 3, 4, 18, 27, 29, 33, 38, 41, 43, 46, 52n14, 77, 139n4
Taipi, 29, 103, 105, 124
Tallana (ethnic group). See Yunca
Tambo, 109, 111, 112, 117, 123, 126
Tanquihualpa, 124
Taqui Onqoy, 15
Ticoc, 72, 90, 124
Titu Cusi Yupanqui. See Castro Titu Cusi Yupanqui, Diego
Tocto Coca, 55n29
Toledo, Francisco de, 11, 38
Topa Amaru, 11, 16, 38, 41
Topa Huallpa, 6, 139n7
Topa Inca Yupanqui, 36, 59, 117
Trujillo, 2
Urteaga, Horacio, 49
Urton, Gary, 27
Vaipai, 108
Valladolid, 24, 45
Valverde, Vicente de, 7, 19, 41, 140n12
Vanacauri, 117
Vayocache, 121
Vera, Antonio de, 132, 147n89
Vila Oma, 89; addresses Spaniards, 90–92, 93, 101, 103, 106, 107, 108, 124, 143n42
Vilcabamba, 1, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22, 25, 26, 37, 43, 45, 122, 124, 128, 133, 134, 135, 136, 145n67, 146nn82, 85, 147nn91, 92
Vilcacunga, 69, 70, 90
Viñaca, 122
Viracocha, 18, 42, 45, 54, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 72, 74, 75, 76, 80, 81, 84, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 94, 101, 102, 109, 110, 113, 115, 116, 117, 121, 127, 128, 140n9, 141n22, 142nn33, 37, 38, 39
Viracocha Inca, 117
Vinchu, 72
Vitcos, 9, 14, 117, 118, 122, 124, 125, 128, 145n68
Vitoria, Francisco de, 24
Vivero, Juan de, 132, 147n91
warakuq, 98, 143n50
Xaxallaga, 120
Yeñupay, 122
Ynguill (Inca woman), 41, 96, 98, 108, 143n46
Ynguill (Manco Inca’s brother), 108, 113, 122, 123