seven eighths of the sugar: Ibid.
nearly $56 million: Ibid.
bounty cost of $8 million: Ibid.
“that the whole [tariff] system”: Ways and Means Committee minority report, read into the Congressional Record by James Allison Hayes, May 10, 1890, p. 4530.
“We place no tax or burden”: WMcK, House speech, May 7, 1890, Congressional Record, p. 4408.
“in all branches of our industries”: Roger Q. Mills, House of Representatives speech, May 7, 1890, Congressional Record, p. 4257.
4,000 separate items: Olcott, p. 1:179.
164–142 tally: Ibid., p. 177.
some 496 amendments: Ibid., p. 179.
“I think the bill is an infamy”: quoted in “Blaine’s Angry Blow,” Washington Post, April 6, 1896.
“smash it flatter than a pancake”: Ibid.
“reciprocity,” the Blaine concept: Tarbell, p. 206.
distinctive in four particulars: Morgan, William McKinley and His America, p. 114. The analytical framework was put forth by Morgan.
A pleased President Harrison: Olcott, p. 1:179.
value of U.S. imports and exports: WMcK, House floor speech, May 7, 1890, Congressional Record, p. 4408.
“prosperity and adversity”: John B. Allen, Senate speech, March 30, 1897, Congressional Record, p. 468.
Democratic Holmes County: Olcott, vol. 1, redistricting chart.
303 votes: Ibid.
eighty-five House seats: Moore, Preimesberger, and Tarr, p. 2:1569.
“It’s all over”: quoted in Olcott, p. 1:186. The rest of the exchange comes from the same source.
“Protection was never stronger”: quoted in ibid., p. 187.
“I agree with you that defeat”: WMcK to MAH, November 12, 1890, HMcCP, Box 2.
“Reason will be enthroned”: Olcott, p. 1:187.
6. FOUR YEARS IN COLUMBUS
“cheap goods from abroad”: WMcK, “A Reply to Mr. Cleveland,” address at the Lincoln Banquet of the Ohio Republican League at Toledo, Ohio, February 12, 1891, reprinted in McKinley, Speeches and Addresses of William McKinley: From His Election to the Present Time, p. 487.
“I should be quite content”: quoted in Deibel, p. 6.
He listened respectfully: Olcott, p. 1:270.
showed up unannounced: Morgan, William McKinley and His America, p. 118.
every Democrat “fears him”: quoted in Olcott, p. 1:271.
“Protection is Prosperity”: Morgan, William McKinley and His America, p. 119.
flirted with inflationist sentiments: Ibid.
Silver Purchase Act: Burton, p. 368.
“We cannot gamble”: WMcK, “The Ohio Campaign of 1891,” Opening Speech of Mr. McKinley’s Gubernatorial Campaign at Niles, Ohio, August 22, 1891, reprinted in McKinley, Speeches and Addresses of William McKinley: From His Election to the Present Time, p. 539.
“I am a thousand times obliged”: WMcK to MAH, August 30, 1891, HMcCP, Box 2.
“I have sufficient”: WMcK to MAH, September 13, 1891, HMcCP, Box 2.
“Foraker has been a very heavy load”: quoted in Walters, p. 98.
“The situation was bad”: James C. Donaldson, dictated statement to J. B. Morrow, undated, HMcCP, Box 4.
“I feel that without you”: John Sherman to MAH, January 9, 1892, HMcCP, Box 2.
by 21,511 votes: Olcott, p. 1:272.
“I am much rejoiced”: Thomas Reed to WMcK, November 4, 1891, WMcKP, Reel 1.
When the Chittenden burned down: University District History: Columbus, Ohio, http://www.univdistcol.com/htc3.html.
spacious apartment: Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 27.
serious initiatives: Deibel, p. 20.
During the evenings: Anthony, p. 56. Anthony quotes from Charles Bawsel manuscript, “New Slants on William McKinley,” WMPL.
“But a conference must be”: Ibid.
morning and afternoon ritual: described in ibid., p. 55.
to express suspicions: Anthony, p. 65.
she became quite “huffy”: quoted in ibid., p. 58.
became indignant: Ibid., p. 58.
“the greatest exhibition”: Ibid., p. 57.
182 first-ballot votes: Porter, p. 181.
thirty-eight House seats: Moore, Preimesberger, and Tarr, p. 2:1569.
Dunkirk, New York: Anthony, p. 59.
amounting to $17,000: Kohlsaat, p. 11.
might be $100,000: Mott, p. 48.
“Have courage, Robert”: quoted in ibid., p. 49.
“I will pay every note”: quoted in Anthony, p. 60.
“Do not worry”: quoted in ibid.
“Have just read”: quoted in Kohlsaat, p. 11.
“pale and wan”: Ibid., p. 12.
“in excess of anything”: quoted in Anthony, p. 61.
an estimated $75,000: Ibid.
“My husband has done everything”: quoted in ibid.
“Because McKinley has made a fool of himself”: quoted in Kohlsaat, p. 13.
session in Cleveland yielded an agreement: Morgan, William McKinley and His America, p. 131.
“shall never forget”: WMcK to Myron Herrick, reprinted in Mott, p. 50.
“The pen will not”: WMcK to H. H. Kohlsaat, reprinted in Kohlsaat, p. 17.
“I cannot for a moment entertain”: WMcK to Messrs. Kohlsaat, Herrick, Hanna, Day, and McDougal, reprinted in Mott, p. 51.
The money flowed in: contribution amounts are taken from Morgan, William McKinley and His America, p. 133; Anthony, p. 64.
by 10 percent: Kohlsaat, p. 16.
Some 5,000 donations: Ibid.
“stem the flood”: Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 60.
A $200 investment: Grant, p. 236.
“Small wonder”: quoted in ibid., p. 238.
dropped below $100 million: Lichtman and DeCell, p. 174.
81,000 votes: Deibel, p. 41.
111 legislative seats: Ibid.
“The best government”: quoted in ibid., p. 43.
“one of the greatest strikes”: quoted in ibid., p. 59.
200,000 miners: Ibid., p. 60.
3,000 in all: Ibid., p. 63.
“I do not care”: quoted in ibid., p. 68.
“Praise for the prompt action”: “Praise for the Governor,” Evening Repository, November 2, 1895, reprinted from the Cincinnati Enquirer.
forty-six set speeches: Porter, p. 219. McKinley’s campaign tours are described in Porter, pp. 217–29.
he “seemed tireless”: quoted in Porter, p. 219.
They arrived in Canton on January 24, 1896: Anthony, p. 72.
1,000 invitations: Ibid., p. 78.
“which we prize very much”: Ibid.
always set for twelve: Ibid.
“Mrs. McKinley is not getting on”: quoted in ibid., p. 75.
“a dropsical trouble”: quoted in ibid.
“The recent elections”: “Sherman Says the Recent Elections Have Cleared the Political Sky,” Evening Repository, November 14, 1895.
7. The Major versus the Bosses
“Almost a full score”: Quigg, “Thomas Platt.”
“there is little else he can not do”: quoted in Williams, p. 49.
willing “to approach the gates”: quoted in Grant, p. 287.
called his “den”: Kohlsaat, p. 30.
“as keen as a razor blade”: quoted in Mott, p. 60.
“Now, Major, it’s all over”: quoted in ibid. This conversation is constructed from the reports of the only two witnesses to the exchange to give renditions: Myron Herrick, quoted extensively in Mott, beginning on p. 60; and Kohlsaat, p. 30. I pieced together the conversation from the two sources to give the exchange as much realism as possible.
resigned his position as head of Hanna & Co.: Croly, p. 174.
“the John the Baptist”: “Clever as the Bosses,” Washington Post, March 21, 1896.
“he loved to be a leader”: Andrew Squire, dictated statement to J. B. Morrow, May 23, 1905, HMcCP, Box 4.
“Whatever he went into”: A. B. Hough, dictated statement to J. B. Morrow, May 18, 1905, HMcCP, Box 4.
knew most of them by name: George G. Mulhern, dictated statement to J. B. Morrow, May 17, 1905, HMcCP, Box 4.
“Boys,” he said: quoted in ibid.
“It looks pretty blue”: quoted in Dan F. Reynolds, dictated statement to J. B. Morrow, August 1905, HMcCP, Box 4.
“You can’t serve two masters”: quoted in David H. Kimberly, dictated statement to J. B. Morrow, May 15, 1905, HMcCP, Box 4.
“He was the biggest hearted man”: Ibid.
“He had the South”: quoted in Williams, p. 57.
“never wrinkled”: White, The Autobiography of William Allen White, p. 251.
“Whether you plunge into it”: “Prosperity’s Advance Orator,” Nation, June 18, 1896.
“unusual qualities”: quoted in ibid.
“I wish that fellow”: quoted in Leech, In the Days of McKinley, p. 25.
“angry and astounded”: “He Declined to Deal,” Washington Post, March 26, 1896.
“I am afraid we must count on”: John Hay to MAH, January 27, 1896, WMcKP, Reel 1.
Harrison, now approaching sixty-two: Treese, p. 1169.
“shocked us a good deal”: Charles Dick, dictated statement to J. B. Morrow, February 10, 1906, HMcCP, Box 4.
“Progress is the essence”: quoted in Williams, p. 11.
“The Democratic party can not”: John Logan Chipman, U.S. House floor speech, May 10, 1890, Congressional Record, p. 4509.
seventy-four railroads: “Panic of 1893,” History Central, http://www.historycentral.com.
“The farmers of the West”: Henry G. Turner, speech on the U.S. House floor, May 19, 1890, Congressional Record, p. 4932.
at Hanna’s Cleveland home: William B. Merriam, transcribed interview with J. B. Morrow, undated, HMcCP, Box 4.
“and he was anxious”: Ibid.
“The Advance Agent of Prosperity”: Williams, p. 55.
fourteen and a half delegates: Croly, p. 180. All delegate numbers come from the same passage.
“Can you come down”: Charles Dick, transcribed interview with J. B. Morrow, February 10, 1906, HMcCP, Box 4.
“No,” said Hanna: quoted in ibid.
three of the state’s five district conventions: “Yielded to M’Kinley,” Washington Post, March 25, 1896.
“If they can capture the State”: “Cullom’s Hard Fight,” Washington Post, March 16, 1896.
“He doesn’t look much”: quoted in Kohlsaat, p. 21.
“McKinley seems to be the coming man”: Dawes, p. 51.
“Cullom is furious”: Ibid., p. 65.
“It is McKinley against the field”: Ibid., p. 66.
“It is not fighting fair”: Ibid., p. 67.
“indignation meeting”: Ibid., p. 68.
“We have them beaten”: Dawes to WMcK, March 19, 1896, WMcKP, Reel 1.
“I have not withdrawn”: quoted in “Cullom Will Not Withdraw,” Washington Post, April 14, 1896.
“I do not hesitate”: Shelby Cullom to Peter Grosscup, April 4, 1896, WMcKP, Reel 1.
after April 23, when three district conventions: “Cullom Loses Eight Delegates,” Washington Post, April 24, 1896.
Swift attacked Dawes: Dawes, p. 77.
“It was a question of my life or death”: Ibid.
“in a perfect furor”: “They Prefer M’Kinley,” Washington Post, April 30, 1896.
“a tidal wave”: quoted in “Mr. Proctor Explains,” Washington Post, May 3, 1896.
“My Dear Mr. Dawes”: WMcK to Dawes, April 30, 1896, reprinted in Dawes, p. 81.
488 committed delegates: “All but the Shouting,” Washington Post, May 11, 1896.
456 convention votes: “Reed and M’Kinley,” Washington Post, April 27, 1896.
“Everybody who has knowledge”: quoted in “All but the Shouting.”
“set the tongues of statesmen”: “Quay to See M’Kinley,” Washington Post, May 20, 1896.
“Well, you see”: quoted in ibid.
“Maj. McKinley is sound on the money question”: quoted in “Capitol Chat,” Washington Post, May 27, 1896.
“that the big three of the Republican Party”: “He Declined to Deal,” Washington Post, March 26, 1896.
8. ST. LOUIS TRIUMPH
lingered for eight hours at the McKinleys’: Kohlsaat, p. 33.
“Kohlsaat is a crank”: quoted in ibid.
90 percent of his correspondence: Ibid., p. 33.
“If a gold plank is adopted”: quoted in ibid.
“There is no occasion”: quoted in ibid., p. 34.
“silverish man”: “The Week,” Nation, June 18, 1896.
“If you want to see the word ‘gold’ ”: quoted in Kohlsaat, p. 34.
“Mr. Speaker; if metallic money”: William Jennings Bryan, U.S. House floor speech, February 9, 1893, reprinted in Bryan, p. 106.
increased by 240 percent since 1860: “A Free-Coinage Catechism,” Nation, July 9, 1896.
favored sound money “unreservedly”: quoted in Croly, p. 197.
“the drift at present”: “What Will the Platform Say?,” Washington Post, June 12, 1896, reprinted from the New York Sun.
between existing and standard: Kohlsaat, p. 36.
avoiding the word was “cowardice”: Ibid., p. 35.
“dauntless intolerance”: quoted in Zimmermann, p. 187.
“Mr. Hanna, I insist”: quoted in Kohlsaat, p. 37.
“Why, that plank is all right”: quoted in ibid., p. 38.
“Hanna Yields to Lodge”: subheadline, “Gold Men Are Ahead,” Washington Post, June 16, 1896.
“The whole thing was managed”: quoted in Croly, p. 199.
“There’s no use”: quoted in “Capitol Chat,” Washington Post, June 9, 1896.
“is in a somewhat embarrassing”: “Quay Is Embarrassed,” Washington Post, June 15, 1896.
“In my judgment”: quoted in “Mr. Reed’s Battle Is Lost,” Washington Post, June 11, 1896.
“No, sir; it is not true”: quoted in “His Boom Went Awry,” Washington Post, June 13, 1896.
sixty-two in McKinley’s favor: “The Committee on Credentials,” Washington Post, June 12, 1896.
“This is a riot of excess”: quoted in “Platt Makes a Bluff,” Washington Post, June 13, 1896.
“I cannot sacrifice”: quoted in ibid.
seventeen New York delegates: “Miller versus Platt,” Washington Post, June 16, 1896.
a cost of $70,000: “Built to Hold Hosts,” Washington Post, June 7, 1896.
“honest currency laws”: “No M’Kinley Cheers,” Washington Post, June 17, 1896.
“There will be enthusiasm”: quoted in ibid.
5681/2 votes: “M’Kinley’s Vote 568,” Washington Post, June 18, 1896.
40–11 vote: “Silver Men in Tears,” Washington Post, June 18, 1896.
“Utah Maverick”: Treese, p. 777.
nearly forty minutes: “Bolted amid Hisses,” Washington Post, June 19, 1896.
“without heart burnings”: Henry Teller, speech before the Republican National Convention, June 18, 1896, reprinted in Bryan, p. 176.
1051/2 to 8181/2: “Bolted amid Hisses.”
“once the redeemer”: quoted in Morgan, William McKinley and His America, p. 165.
“Go! Go!”: quoted in ibid.
“Had it not been for the personality and prominence”: “Bolted amid Hisses.”
“Bannockburn”: Anthony, p. 84.
“pensive” element: Depew and Halstead, p. 421.
“He does, indeed, know”: quoted in ibid., p. 422.
“Are you young ladies getting anxious”: quoted in ibid., p. 424.
“veritable Niagara”: “Easy for M’Kinley,” Washington Post, June 19, 1896.
“like a storm at sea”: Depew and Halstead, p. 425.
“You seem to have heard”: quoted in “Easy for M’Kinley.”
“No, no!”: quoted in D
epew and Halstead, p. 427.
Ohio’s forty-six votes: Ibid., p. 429.
“stark, gloriously mad”: quoted in ibid., p. 430.
15,000 happy citizens: “Ovation to M’Kinley,” Washington Post, June 19, 1896.
“There is nothing more gratifying”: quoted in ibid.
final total of 6611/2: “Easy for M’Kinley.”
“Under no circumstances”: “Mr. Manley and the Reed Boom,” Washington Post, June 10, 1896.
“I knew from the first”: “Mr. Hobart Not Surprised,” Washington Post, June 24, 1896.
9. THE VICTOR
$30-a-week: Wilson, p. 195.
“It will be Dick Bland”: Timmons, p. 48.
Carlisle’s name went forward: “Carlisle a Candidate,” Washington Post, March 17, 1896.
“would be the weakest nominee”: “Carlisle’s Candidacy,” Washington Post, March 18, 1896.
Carlisle quietly departed the race: “Mr. Carlisle Declines,” Washington Post, April 6, 1896.
gone to the same church: Timmons, foreword to Dawes, p. vii.
“train robber”: quoted in Williams, p. 81.
“old Democrats . . . who have grown gray”: quoted in ibid., p. 82.
sucking on a lemon: Williams, p. 81.
“The man who is employed”: Bryan, speech before the Democratic National Convention, July 9, 1896, reprinted in Bryan, p. 199.
“Go after them, Willie!”: quoted in Williams, p. 84.
didn’t mention the currency: “Talks Only of Tariff,” Washington Post, June 21, 1896.
“McKinley’s character”: “The Republican Nominee,” Nation, June 25, 1896.
“I am a Tariff man”: quoted in Olcott, p. 1:321.
“The Chicago convention has changed everything”: quoted in Williams, p. 129.
“the free silver craze”: quoted in ibid., p. 130.
“in the saddle”: quoted in Morgan, William McKinley and His America, p. 170.
“No contract is made”: Dawes to WMcK, August 1, 1896, reprinted in Dawes, pp. 92–93.
100 million pieces: Elmer Dover, dictated statement to J. B. Morrow, September 1905 (date not given), HMcCP, Box 4.
20 million more: Croly, p. 217.
100 employees: Williams, p. 138.
275 separate messages: Croly, p. 217.
nearly 3 million people: Williams, p. 139.
close to half a million dollars: Dawes, “Statement to November 21, 1896,” reprinted in Dawes, p. 106.
“scared . . . so blue”: quoted in Leech, “The Front Porch Campaign.”
President McKinley Page 61