American Heiress: The Wild Saga of the Kidnapping, Crimes and Trial of Patty Hearst

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American Heiress: The Wild Saga of the Kidnapping, Crimes and Trial of Patty Hearst Page 42

by Jeffrey Toobin

“I was gung-ho”: Bryan, This Soldier Still at War, 25.

  “They go through an area”: Ibid., 34.

  “The revolution don’t have nothin’ ”: Ibid., 7.

  “revolution is horrible”: Ibid., 6.

  Marcus Foster’s life: For background on Foster, see John Spencer, In the Crossfire: Marcus Foster and the Troubled History of American School Reform (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012), 18–25.

  “Above all, Foster wanted”: Ibid., 86–88, 157.

  “Hey, what are you doing?”: Ibid., 172–73. See also Jon S. Birger, “Race, Reaction, and Reform: The Three Rs of Philadelphia School Politics, 1965–1971,” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, July 1996, 163–216.

  Republicans denounced him: Spencer, In the Crossfire, 216–18.

  “We were sitting around”: McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 111.

  November 6, 1973: Spencer, In the Crossfire, 218–19. On the details of the shooting, see also McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 127–29.

  CHAPTER 4: THE POINT OF NO RETURN

  In the course of their brief heyday: Jennifer S. Holmes, Terrorism and Democratic Stability (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001), 56–57.

  For some putative victims: Payne, Findley, and Craven, Life and Death of the SLA, 186–89; McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 152–54.

  “America suffered more wounds”: Perlstein, Invisible Bridge, xiii.

  In the early morning hours: For description of this encounter, see Bryan, This Soldier Still at War, 197–203; McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 159–64.

  Keep your hand gun: McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 165.

  “as kids and neighbors”: Baker, Exclusive!, 47–51.

  “The house was furnished”: McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 168. For another description of what was found in the safe house, see Bryan, This Soldier Still at War, 205–7.

  Emily and Mizmoon found: Cumming, “End of an Era,” 83–84.

  The full SLA reassembled: Kinney, American Journey, 229.

  CHAPTER 5: PRISONER OF WAR

  Finally, around 9:00 p.m.: Cumming, “End of an Era,” 86–88; McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 194–96.

  The second-youngest daughter: McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 194–95.

  “that the FBI’s reputation”: Weiner, Enemies, 311.

  Her name meant Angel of the Angels: For background on Angela Atwood, see McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 80–85; Bryan, This Soldier Still at War, 128–31.

  The two aspiring actresses: Hendry, Soliah, 61.

  “All men must die”: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 68.

  CHAPTER 6: NOT JUST A BUNCH OF NUTS

  a former astronaut: Lester, Girl in a Box, 70.

  Swami Number 2: Weed, My Search for Patty Hearst, 118–21, 165.

  “God sent me”: Spieler, Taking Aim at the President, 80–82.

  CHAPTER 7: THREE HUNDRED BALD MEN

  Mizmoon was white: Soltysik, In Search of a Sister, 3, 11, 16.

  In the joyful first days: Ibid., 35–36; Hanel, “Camilla Hall’s Place in the Symbionese Liberation Army,” 59.

  “Revolution has to be social”: Hanel, “Camilla Hall’s Place in the Symbionese Liberation Army,” 60.

  “But, much as I want”: Ibid., 61.

  Nancy Ling Perry: For background on Perry, see McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 174–78; Kinney, American Journey, 173–77; Bryan, This Soldier Still at War, 118–21.

  When Ling was hitchhiking: Bryan, This Soldier Still at War, 119.

  Bey also earned a reputation: Chris Thompson, “The Sinister Side of Yusuf Bey’s Empire,” East Bay Express, Nov. 13, 2002.

  On the morning of February 22: Payne, Findley, and Craven, Life and Death of the SLA, 223–25; McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 242–44.

  “What ever happened”: Baker, Exclusive!, 21–23; Weed, My Search for Patty Hearst, 175–77.

  “egocentric pain in the ass”: Lester, Girl in a Box, 73.

  CHAPTER 8: “I’M A STRONG WOMAN”

  “Your Mommy and Daddy”: Kohn and Weir, “Tania’s World.”

  “Ajax”: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 83.

  “gesticulating, rolling her eyes”: Ibid., 88.

  “Oh, I wish you could see”: Ibid.

  “I wasn’t much of a climber”: Kinney, American Journey, 176.

  “I don’t like to see”: Ibid., 143.

  CHAPTER 9: THE BIRTH OF TANIA

  “We do not comprehend”: Burrough, Days of Rage, 288–89.

  “It’s just too bad”: McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 242–43.

  Patricia’s version of her relationship: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 88–90.

  “Reagan’s a jackass”: Lester, Girl in a Box, 68.

  “Tiny, you remember”: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 96–100.

  CHAPTER 10: STAY AND FIGHT

  Camilla Hall, the one: McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 219.

  The car sat outside: Cumming, “End of an Era,” 115–16.

  She was not impressed: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 105.

  “They can hide her”: Lester, Girl in a Box, 66.

  When Hearst hosted: Talbot, Season of the Witch, 186.

  The next day, however: Lester, Girl in a Box, 79.

  “I think they killed”: Ibid., 85.

  “This is a holdup!”: Description of the bank robbery comes from trial testimony, Cumming, “End of an Era,” 166–69; Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 146–49; McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 322–40.

  CHAPTER 11: COMMON CRIMINALS

  “This is for you, Tania”: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 153.

  “The city seemed to crackle”: Talbot, Season of the Witch, 218.

  “We need a goddamn South American”: Weed, My Search for Patty Hearst, 238–39.

  young woman of the house: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 163–65.

  They rented a two-bedroom place: McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 339–40.

  CHAPTER 12: SHOWDOWN AT MEL’S

  Even by the modest standards: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 195.

  On one occasion: Ibid., 194.

  “Gelina would be much better”: Ibid., 203.

  Even through the windshield: The secondary sources consulted for the incident at Mel’s include ibid., 203–6; McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 341–45. The most detailed account comes from Symbionese Liberation Army in Los Angeles.

  First, they bought: Cumming, “End of an Era,” 190.

  “What did you take?”: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 207.

  CHAPTER 13: LIVE ON TELEVISION

  The team included: Domanick, To Protect and to Serve, 207.

  “Tell Bill I understand”: Gates, Chief, 132.

  “I saw your lights”: The exchange with the women in the house comes from McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 349–50.

  At one point: Ibid., 354–55.

  CHAPTER 14: APOCALYPSE ON FIFTY-FOURTH STREET

  To Patricia Hearst, Disneyland: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 222–24.

  “What the hell is it”: Weed, My Search for Patty Hearst, 304, 309.

  On the afternoon of May 16: Lester, Girl in a Box.

  At that moment, Daryl Gates: Gates, Chief, 135.

  “Don’t leave my dogs behind!”: McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 359.

  “Look!” said Bill Harris: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 222–26.

  “I was a soldier”: Ibid., 226.

  “Tania’s found”: Weed, My Search for Patty Hearst, 321.

  “I should go down there”: Lester, Girl in a Box, 171.

  CHAPTER 15: “THE GENTLEST, MOST BEAUTIFUL MAN”

  Then, with their finances: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 233–36.

  “I was being left alone”: Ibid., 240–41.

  Rejected sexually by Emily: Ibid., 240.

  The front of the small: Hendry, Soliah, 113–17.

  Emily still had Kathy Soliah’s address: Hearst, Every Secret
Thing, 243–45.

  CHAPTER 16: JACK SCOTT MAKES AN OFFER

  All three were in full battle dress: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 262–66.

  CHAPTER 17: ROAD TRIP

  Among other topics: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 271.

  “Within a few minutes”: Ibid., 272–73.

  “For the first time in months”: Ibid., 276.

  On March 30, 1972: McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 389–90.

  When Bill arrived, he disrupted: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 278–79.

  “She was calm and friendly”: Ibid., 275.

  “I hope you’ll have a chance”: Quoted in McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 399.

  “I went out for a jog”: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 288.

  CHAPTER 18: THE STREETS OF SACRAMENTO

  “I had to do everything”: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 298.

  “an easygoing young man”: Ibid., 325.

  The Harrises drew up: McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 431–32.

  CHAPTER 19: DEATH OF A “BOURGEOIS PIG”

  Family and church dominated: Hendry, Soliah, 140.

  On that Monday: McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 444–45.

  “We had developed our own”: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 339.

  “Our position on equality”: Ibid., 340–41.

  CHAPTER 20: FEMINIST BOMB-MAKING

  “The components were easily purchased”: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 345.

  She envisioned simple pipe bombs: Ibid., 345–46.

  According to Patricia: Ibid., 346.

  Indeed, as Patricia heard the story: Ibid., 353.

  “We began to destroy”: Quoted in McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 455, 456.

  Between bombings: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 344–45.

  CHAPTER 21: FREEZE!

  In the middle of the search: Alexander, Anyone’s Daughter, 341.

  In any event, at around two: McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 435–37.

  “I was a pretty fair athlete”: Kohn and Weir, “Tania’s World.”

  Still, he cooperated: McLellan and Avery, Voices of Guns, 469–70.

  “Daddy! How could you”: Ibid., 476.

  The agents decided: Ibid., 487–90.

  When Patricia stood up: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 359–61.

  CHAPTER 22: “THERE WILL BE A REVOLUTION IN AMERIKKKA AND WE’LL BE HELPING TO MAKE IT”

  “Never sign anything”: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 362.

  CHAPTER 24: MORE EXCITED THAN SCARED

  A former newspaperman: Tim Weiner, “Remembering Brainwashing,” New York Times, July 6, 2008.

  “Right now we are brainwashing”: Alexander, Anyone’s Daughter, 211.

  He was smoking at least two packs: Ibid., 170.

  CHAPTER 25: THE SEARCH FOR OLD MCMONKEY

  “It’s fun to be a superman”: Alexander, Anyone’s Daughter, 321.

  Stockholm syndrome: The most extensive modern description of Stockholm syndrome can be found in Nicola Tufton and Elizabeth L. Sampson, “ ‘Stockholm Syndrome’: Psychiatric Diagnosis or Urban Myth?,” Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Feb. 2008. For an account of the underlying bank robbery, see Daniel Lang, “A Reporter at Large: The Bank Drama,” The New Yorker, Nov. 25, 1974, 56.

  “The defense psychiatrists offered up”: Perlstein, Invisible Bridge, 618.

  CHAPTER 26: THE VERDICT

  a green-enamel shamrock pin: Alexander, Anyone’s Daughter, 447.

  “I’ll always remember”: Jimenez and Berkman, My Prisoner, 190.

  “What kind of drink”: Ibid., 84.

  Patricia thought she had: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 414–17.

  CHAPTER 27: “FAVORING THE RICH OVER THE POOR”

  Later, she observed ruefully: Hearst, Every Secret Thing, 433–34.

  AFTERMATH

  Afterward, the show received: Hendry, Soliah, 227–29.

  In 1987, Randy married Veronica: Vicky Ward, “The Mansion Trap,” Vanity Fair, Nov. 2008.

  “The form asks why”: Nancy Faber, “Patty Hearst Has Found Sanctuary in Her Year-Old Marriage to Bernard Shaw,” People, March 31, 1980.

  SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

  Alexander, Shana. Anyone’s Daughter: The Times and Trials of Patty Hearst. New York: Viking Press, 1979.

  Anspacher, Carolyn, and Jack Lucey. The Trial of Patty Hearst. San Francisco: Great Fidelity Press, 1976.

  Austin, Curtis J. Up Against the Wall: Violence in the Making and Unmaking of the Black Panther Party. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2006.

  Bailey, F. Lee. For the Defense. With John Greenya. New York: New American Library, 1976.

  Baker, Marilyn. Exclusive! The Inside Story of Patricia Hearst and the SLA. With Sally Brompton. New York: Macmillan, 1974.

  Belcher, Jerry, and Don West. Patty/Tania. New York: Pyramid Books, 1975.

  Berger, Dan. Captive Nation: Black Prison Organizing in the Civil Rights Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014.

  ———. Outlaws of America: The Weather Underground and the Politics of Solidarity. Oakland, Calif.: AK Press, 2006.

  Boulton, David. The Making of Tania Hearst. New York: W. W. Norton, 1974.

  Bryan, John. This Soldier Still at War. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975.

  Burrough, Bryan. Days of Rage: America’s Radical Underground, the FBI, and the Forgotten Age of Revolutionary Violence. New York: Penguin Press, 2015.

  Castiglia, Christopher. Bound and Determined: Captivity, Culture-Crossing, and White Womanhood from Mary Rowlandson to Patty Hearst. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

  Choi, Susan. American Woman. New York: Perennial, 2003.

  Collier, Peter, and David Horowitz. Destructive Generation: Second Thoughts About the ’60s. New York: Summit Books, 1989.

  Coyote, Peter. Sleeping Where I Fall: A Chronicle. Berkeley, Calif.: Counterpoint, 1998.

  Cumming, Gregory Garth. “The End of an Era: The Rise of the Symbionese Liberation Army and the Fall of the New Left.” Ph.D. diss., University of California, Riverside, 2010. http://escholarship.​org/​uc/​item/​8tw2935x.

  Cummins, Eric. The Rise and Fall of California’s Radical Prison Movement. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1994.

  Daugherty, Tracy. The Last Love Song: A Biography of Joan Didion. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2015.

  Davis, Brian Joseph. I, Tania. Toronto: ECW Press, 2007.

  Debray, Régis. Revolution in the Revolution? New York: Grove Press, 1967.

  Dershowitz, Alan M. The Best Defense. New York: Vintage Books, 1983.

  Didion, Joan. After Henry. New York: Vintage International, 1992.

  Domanick, Joe. To Protect and to Serve: The LAPD’s Century of War in the City of Dreams. New York: Pocket Books, 1995.

  Durden-Smith, Jo. Who Killed George Jackson? New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976.

  Echols, Alice. Daring to Be Bad: Radical Feminism in America, 1967–1975. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989.

  Ellis, Richard J. The Dark Side of the Left: Illegal Egalitarianism in America. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1998.

  Franklin, H. Bruce. Back Where You Came From: One Life in the Death of the Empire. New York: Harper’s Magazine Press, 1975.

  Gates, Daryl F. Chief: My Life in the LAPD. With Diane K. Shah. New York: Bantam Books, 1992.

  Gitlin, Todd. The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage. New York: Bantam Books, 1993.

  ———. The Whole World Is Watching: Mass Media and the Unmaking of the New Left. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.

  Graebner, William. Patty’s Got a Gun: Patricia Hearst in 1970s America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.

  Grobel, Lawrence. “The Playboy Interview: Patricia Hearst.” Playboy, Aug. 1982, 69.

  Hanel, Rachael. “Camilla Hall’s Place in the Symbionese Liberation Army.” Master’s thesis, Minnesota State University, Mankato, 2004.

  Hayden, Tom. Reu
nion: A Memoir. New York: Random House, 1988.

  Hearst, Patricia Campbell. Every Secret Thing. With Alvin Moscow. New York: Doubleday, 1982.

  Hendry, Sharon Darby. Soliah: The Sara Jane Story. Bloomington, Minn.: Cable, 2002.

  Herman, Judith. Trauma and Recovery. New York: Basic Books, 1997.

  Horowitz, David. Radical Son: A Generational Odyssey. New York: Touchstone, 1997.

  Howard, Clark. Zebra: The True Account of the 179 Days of Terror in San Francisco. New York: Richard Marek, 1979.

  Isenberg, Nancy. “Not Anyone’s Daughter: Patty Hearst and the Postmodern Legal Subject.” American Quarterly 52 (Dec. 2000): 639–81.

  Jackson, George L. Blood in My Eye. Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1990.

  ———. Soledad Brother: The Prison Letters of George Jackson. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books, 1994.

  Jacobs, Ron. The Way the Wind Blew: A History of the Weather Underground. New York: Verso, 1997.

  Jenkins, Philip. Decade of Nightmares: The End of the Sixties and the Making of Eighties America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

  Jimenez, Janey, and Ted Berkman. My Prisoner. Kansas City, Kans.: Sheed Andrews and McMeel, 1977.

  Joseph, Peniel E. Waiting ’til the Midnight Hour: A Narrative History of Black Power in America. New York: Henry Holt, 2006.

  ———, ed. The Black Power Movement: Rethinking the Civil Rights–Black Power Era. New York: Routledge, 2006.

  Kilgore, James. Understanding Mass Incarceration. New York: New Press, 2015.

  Kinney, Jean. An American Journey: The Short Life of Willy Wolfe. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979.

  Koerner, Brendan I. The Skies Belong to Us: Love and Terror in the Golden Age of Hijacking. New York: Broadway Books, 2013.

  Kohn, Howard, and David Weir. “Tania’s World: The Inside Story of the Patty Hearst Kidnapping, Part Two: People in Need.” Rolling Stone, Oct. 23, 1975.

  Lester, John A. Girl in a Box: The Untold Story of the Patricia Hearst Kidnap. San Jose, Calif.: Shoestring, 2004.

  Lunde, Donald T. Hearst to Hughes: Memoir of a Forensic Psychiatrist. Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, 2007.

  Lyne, Susan, and Robert Scheer. “The Story of the SLA: How and Why the Group Kidnapped Patty Hearst and Came to Be Urban Guerrillas.” New Times, April 16, 1976, 26–36.

 

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