Rhode Island, 59, 120, 150
Richardson, Samuel, xiv
Rivington, James, 62
Rochambeau, Comte de, 40
Rochefoucauld d’Anville, Comtesse de la, 293
Rochefoucauld d’Anville, Louis-Alexandre, Duc de la, 293, 296
Rogers, John, 76, 77, 78, 80
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 335–36
Ross, Robert, 390, 393
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 102, 365
Royal Navy, 180–81, 273, 283, 379–80, 385, 388, 389, 390
Rules of Civility and Decent Behavior in Company, 8
Rush, Benjamin, 199
“Sage of Monticello,” 310–11
St. Asaph, Bishop of, 160
St. Croix, 209–15, 229, 249, 254
St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 65, 66
Sally Hemings, A Novel (Chase-Riboud), 412–13
Saratoga, Battle of, 138
Savage, William, 61
Scholars Commission, 341–42
School for Scandal, The (Sheridan), 46
Schuyler, Angelica, see Church, Angelica Schuyler
Schuyler, Elizabeth “Betsey,” see Hamilton, Elizabeth Schuyler “Betsey”
Schuyler, Margarita, see Van Renssalaer, Margarita Schuyler
Schuyler, Philip, 220, 221, 223, 230, 234, 252, 254
Scribner’s, 4, 66
Sedgwick, Theodore, 186
Seven Years’ War, 6, 11, 12, 17–18, 92, 261, 314
Sewall, Jonathan, 129
Shakespeare, William, 132, 178
Shaw, Elizabeth Smith, 158, 160–61, 171, 172, 202
Shaw, William, 183, 185
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 46
Shippen, Alice Lee, 153
Short, William, 296
Skelton, Bathhurst, 266
Skelton, John, 266, 269–70, 287, 429n
Skelton, Martha Wayles, see Jefferson, Martha Wayles Skelton
Skipwith, Robert, 268
slaves, 7, 21, 32, 61, 68–70, 203–4, 211, 212, 213, 214, 255, 273, 275, 282, 303, 305–6, 310–13, 314, 321, 323, 329, 331, 367, 401, 405, 406, 409–16
Smith, Abigail, see Adams, Abigail Smith
Smith, Abigail Adams “Nabby,” 134, 135, 139, 149, 155–60, 163–64, 167–70, 171, 173, 175, 179–80, 183, 188, 197–201
Smith, Caroline, 199
Smith, Elizabeth, see Shaw, Elizabeth Smith
Smith, Jim, 393
Smith, Margaret Bayard, 375, 382, 383
Smith, Mary, see Cranch, Mary Smith
Smith, Nancy, 200
Smith, Robert, 380
Smith, Samuel Harrison, 375
Smith, William (father), 129, 131
Smith, William (son), 160
Smith, William Stephens, 159–60, 163–64, 167–68, 170, 173–75, 179–80, 183–84, 188, 197–200
Smith, William Steuben, 160, 163, 167, 168
Social History of the American Family, A (Calhoun), 409
“Songs of Selma, The” (MacPherson), 276–77
Sons of Liberty, 216–17
South Carolina, 151, 211, 218, 283, 327, 401–2
Spain, 148, 149, 150–51, 153–54, 177, 198, 312, 314, 377
Spring, Samuel, 359
Stamp Act (1765), 92–93, 186, 274
Stanton, Lucia C., 340
Stanwix, John, 14
Sterne, Laurence, 266–67, 269, 276
Steuben, Friedrich von, 160, 227
Stevens, Edward, 212
Stevens, Thomas, 212
Stevenson, Margaret, 86, 87, 88, 91–98, 110–11, 120
Stevenson, Polly, 86, 88, 89, 91, 95–96, 98, 110–11, 120
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 331
Strahan, William, 86–87, 98
Stuart, David, 43
Stuart, Gilbert, 49–50, 384, 392, 395
Stuyvesant, Peter, 217
“Summary View of the Rights of British America, A” (Jefferson), 277, 278
Supreme Court, U.S., 191, 331, 383
Talleyrand, Charles Maurice de, 182, 183, 185
Tarleton, Banastre, 284–85
Taylor, Zachary, 407
Thaxter, John, 137
Thomas Jefferson, An Intimate History (Brodie), 411–12
Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings (Gordon-Reed), 415, 437n
Thomas Jefferson Foundation, 339–42, 349
Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society (TJHS), 341–42
Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, 335, 339–40, 413
Thornton, Anna Maria, 375
Thornton, William, 375
Tilghman, Tench, 220, 222
Todd, Dolley Payne, see Madison, Dolley Payne Todd
Todd, Payne, 366, 368, 372, 399, 400–401, 404–5
Trist, Cornelia Randolph, 320, 401
Trist, Eliza, 356, 357
Trist, Nicholas, 324, 401
Trist, Virginia Randolph, 324
Tristram Shandy (Sterne), 266–67, 276, 288–89
Trollope, Frances, 329
Troup, Robert, 216–17, 231, 238, 244, 246, 247
Truman, Harry S., 352
Trumbull, John, 154, 297, 298
Turgot, Anne-Robert, 109
Turreau, Louis Marie, 376–77, 383
Turreau, Marie-Angelique de, 376–77
Tyler, Royall, 155–56, 159, 197
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 331
University of Virginia, 322, 326, 335, 405
Valley Forge, 37, 62
Van Buren, Martin, 405–6
Van Ness, John Peter, 376
Van Ness, Marcia Burns, 375–76
Van Renssalaer, Margarita Schuyler, 220, 221–22
Van Renssalaer, Stephen, 221
Venable, Abraham, 235, 236, 240
Vergennes, Comte de, 102, 151, 152, 153, 154
Virginia, xiv, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 22, 24, 26, 32–33, 38, 40, 97, 125–26, 231, 267, 271, 273–74, 277, 283–89, 292, 297, 305–6, 312, 323, 327, 358, 361, 363, 364–65, 381, 401–2
“Virginia Plan,” 364–65
Volney, Comte de, 348–49, 351
Walker, Betsey Moore, 265, 311, 313
Walker, John, 265, 311, 313
Wallenborn, White McKenzie, 339, 340, 342, 349
War for Independence:
armed conflict in, 40–43, 96, 98, 102, 112, 150, 154, 159, 217–18, 224, 281, 282, 283–86, 356, 363
British defeat in, 41, 42, 43, 112, 154, 224, 286, 356
finances of, xv–xvi, 102–3, 106–7, 152–53, 161, 229–30
French alliance in, 102–3, 139–45, 218, 281, 283
loyalists in, 60–61, 77, 98–100, 112–14, 118, 216–17
monarchy overthrown by, 162, 165–66, 180, 181, 195, 215–16, 267
naval warfare in, 103, 286
peace treaty for, 111, 114–15, 149–52, 158–61, 195, 292
War of 1812, 385–98
Warren, James, 37, 148, 168, 194
Warren, John Collins, 199
Warren, Mercy Otis, 37, 47, 134, 147, 168, 194–97, 199
Washington, Anne Fairfax, 7, 9–10
Washington, Augustine, 7–8, 260
Washington, Bushrod, 68, 70
Washington, Charles, 44
Washington, Corbin, 70
Washington, D.C., 46, 170, 192–93, 203–4, 230, 254–55, 312–15, 334, 336, 347, 355, 372–99, 405–7
Washington, George, 3–70
account books of, 65, 69
assassination and kidnapping plot against, 60–61
background of, 7–10, 63–67
biographies of, 4–5, 66–67
birth of, 126, 181–82, 358, 370
British slander against, 58–63
cabinet of, 52, 168, 177–78, 239, 307, 309
as childless, 25
as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, 34–37, 41–43, 57, 63, 64, 107, 108, 112, 125–26, 132–33, 138, 154, 159, 160, 217–18, 220, 222–23, 283, 286, 364
at Constitutional Convention (1787), xvi, 118–19
in Contin
ental Congress, 33, 34, 355
correspondence of, xvi, 3–5, 11, 12–13, 16–18, 24–25, 28, 30–31, 34–35, 38, 39, 43, 50–52, 57, 58–63, 64, 65, 67, 217–18
dancing as pastime of, 15, 22–23
death of, 55–57, 70, 189, 245
education as viewed by, 26–27, 31, 44, 65, 67
fame of, xvi, 29, 36–38, 52–53, 56, 70, 114, 179
family background of, 7–8, 43–44
farewell address of, 48
finances of, 9–10, 19–20, 65, 69, 261
forged letters ascribed to, 58–63
as founding father, xvi, 3–5, 181–82, 352, 370
as grandfather, 43–44, 47–48, 51
Hamilton’s relationship with, 48, 164, 183–84, 189, 217–18, 220, 222–23, 224, 231, 233, 235–36, 238–39, 241–42, 244, 245, 253
health of, 9, 11, 12–13, 15, 25, 45, 46–47, 48, 54–56
at House of Burgesses, 22, 24, 27, 33
James Madison’s relationship with, 48, 364–65, 366, 370–71
land owned by, 19–20, 23–24, 30, 54, 63, 68
lifestyle of, 22–24, 169
love letter of (1758), 3–5, 16–18
love life of, xiii, 3–5, 10–18, 58–63, 66–70, 310
marriage of, xvi, 18, 19–20, 22–25, 30, 34–37, 41–43, 55–57, 58, 61, 245, 261
military career of, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17–18, 22, 52, 54, 63, 64, 179, 183–84, 244, 278
monument to, 255, 336, 406
moral values of, 13–14, 50–51, 58–63, 66–70, 132
Mount Vernon estate of, 7, 9–10, 11, 12–13, 17, 27–30, 32, 34, 39, 40–44, 47–48, 51–56, 63, 64, 65, 68, 69–70, 174, 179, 261
neutrality policy of, 48–49, 62, 172, 240, 309–10, 366
personality of, xiv, 13–14, 16, 17–18, 27, 42–43, 47–50, 62–63, 67, 222–23, 238–39
in Philadelphia, 47–51, 59, 231, 233
physical appearance of, 16, 18, 46, 49–50, 54, 65–66, 67
political career of, xvi, 22, 24, 27, 33, 44–51, 61
popular support for, 45, 46–47, 49
portraits of, 38, 49–50, 65–66, 384, 392, 395
as president, 19, 44–51, 62, 119, 164, 165, 166, 168, 169–70, 173, 181, 224, 235–36, 238–39, 241–42, 255, 304, 307, 308, 309–10, 371, 374, 386
press coverage of, 3–5, 16, 46, 49, 58, 63–64, 310, 347
religious views of, 238
reputation of, xvi, 3–5, 13–14, 15, 29, 36–38, 44–45, 52–53, 56, 58–63, 70, 114, 179, 181–82, 222–23, 278, 295, 309–10, 365, 370–71
retirement of, 51–56
as revolutionary leader, 32–43, 58–60, 63, 64, 107, 108, 114
second term of, 19, 48–51, 62–63
smallpox contracted by, 9, 25
social life of, 22–24, 31, 39, 45, 69, 107, 169–70, 374, 386
social position of, 8, 9, 15, 19–20
spectacles of, 43
staff of, 63, 64, 159, 190
as stepfather, 15–16, 24, 25, 26–32, 39, 41–42
third term rejected by, 52–53
Thomas Posey’s relationship to, 63–67, 347
at Valley Forge, 37, 62
verse written by, 8–9, 10
West Ford’s relationship to, 68–70, 420n–21n
in Williamsburg, Va., 14–15, 22, 24–25, 27, 31, 41
at Yorktown siege, 41, 42, 43, 286
Washington, George Steptoe, 367, 368
Washington, Hannah, 29, 68, 69–70
Washington, Harriot, 44
Washington, John Augustine “Jack,” 12, 13, 43, 44, 66, 68–69, 70
Washington, Lawrence, 7, 9, 12, 13, 15, 19
Washington, Lucy Payne, 367, 373–74, 384, 391–92
Washington, Lund, 40
Washington, Martha Dandridge Custis:
Abigail Adams’s views on, 37, 45, 169–70
apparel of, 20, 23–24
background of, 21–22
biographies of, 16–17, 20
children lost by, xv, 25, 29–30, 31, 41–42
correspondence of, xvi, 24–25, 29, 34–35, 41, 51–54, 57, 61–62
death of, 57, 68
Dolley Madison’s relationship with, 367, 370–71, 434n
education of, 22
as First Lady, 19, 44–51, 169–70, 237, 241, 255
furniture owned by, 23, 34
George Washington’s courtship of, 4–5, 15–16
George Washington’s engagement to, 16, 19
George Washington’s marriage to, xvi, 18, 19–20, 22–25, 30, 34–37, 41–43, 55–57, 58, 61, 245, 261
as grandmother, 43–44, 47–48, 51
health of, 42, 57
land owned by, 15–16, 19–20, 31
lifestyle of, 22–24
as mother, xv, 15–16, 22, 24, 25, 26–32, 41–42
at Mount Vernon, 20, 22–23, 29–30, 32, 44, 47–48, 51–57, 62, 68
personality of, 15–16, 19–22, 24, 37, 42, 45
physical appearance of, 20–21, 22
portraits of, 20
reputation of, 15, 19–22, 36–37
social life of, 15, 22–24
wealth of, 15, 19–20
White House home of, 15–16
as widow, 4–5, 15, 18, 21–22, 56–57
Washington, Mary Ball, 7, 8, 9, 14, 24, 40, 43, 49, 260
Washington, Richard, 24
Washington, Samuel, 43–44
Washington, William Augustine, 70, 420n–21n
Washington Monument, 255, 336, 406
Washington Post, 328
Waverly Watchman, 333, 412
Wayles, John, 267–68, 271, 274–75, 278–79, 347, 349, 429n
Wayles, Tabitha, 268
Webster, Daniel, 402, 406
West, Benjamin, 92, 224
Wetmore, Josiah, 348
Wetmore, Samuel F., 331–35, 336, 345–48, 351, 415
Whig Party, 132, 163–64, 168
White House, 192, 254, 255, 313, 372, 377, 382–85, 386
White Over Black (Jordan), 410, 415
Wilkins, William, 369
Will, George, 413
Williamsburg, Va., 6, 14–15, 16, 19, 21, 22–25, 27, 31, 38–39, 41, 263, 271
“William Tell,” 226–27
Wills, Garry, 411
Wilson, George, 65–66
Winder, William, 390–91, 392
Witherspoon, John, 99, 215, 359
Wolcott, Oliver, Jr., 183, 235, 238–39
Wollaston, John, 20
Woodson, Thomas, 337, 338, 339, 341, 342–43, 349
Wythe, George, 281, 336
XYZ Affair, 182–83, 185
“Yankee Doodle,” 310–11
Yates, Betsey, 264
Yorktown, Battle of, 41, 42, 43, 112, 154, 224, 286, 356
Yrujo, Carlos Fernando Martinez de, 376, 377
About the Author
THOMAS FLEMING is the author of more than forty books of fiction and nonfiction, most recently, The Perils of Peace. He has been the president of the Society of American Historians and of PEN American Center. Mr. Fleming is a frequent guest on C-SPAN, PBS, A&E, and the History Channel. He lives in New York City.
Visit www.AuthorTracker.com for exclusive information on your favorite HarperCollins author.
Also by Thomas Fleming
THE PERILS OF PEACE: AMERICA’S STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL AFTER YORKTOWN
WASHINGTON’S SECRET WAR: THE HIDDEN HISTORY OF VALLEY FORGE
DUEL: ALEXANDER HAMILTON, AARON BURR & THE FUTURE OF AMERICA
THE ILLUSION OF VICTORY: AMERICA IN WORLD WAR I
THE NEW DEALERS’ WAR: FDR AND THE WAR WITHIN WORLD WAR II
LIBERTY! THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
CONQUERORS OF THE SKY
TIME AND TIDE
THE OFFICERS’ WIVES
Credits
Jacket design by the Designworks Group
Jacket artwork Courtesy of the Granger Collection, New York
Copyright
&nb
sp; THE INTIMATE LIVES OF THE FOUNDING FATHERS. Copyright © 2009 by Thomas Fleming. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.
Adobe Digital Edition September 2009 ISBN 978-0-06-195963-9
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
About the Publisher
Australia
HarperCollins Publishers (Australia) Pty. Ltd.
25 Ryde Road (PO Box 321)
Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia
http://www.harpercollinsebooks.com.au
Canada
HarperCollins Publishers Ltd.
55 Avenue Road, Suite 2900
Toronto, ON, M5R, 3L2, Canada
http://www.harpercollinsebooks.ca
The Intimate Lives of the Founding Fathers Page 55