Madness Explained

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Madness Explained Page 79

by Richard P. Bental


  as first-rank symptoms 31, 34, 99, 100

  Frégoli 299

  grandiose 298

  incidence 98–101

  and inferences 315–22

  of jealousy 299

  and mania 276

  model of 305

  and need for closure 326–7

  paranoid see paranoia

  of parasitosis 299

  of reference 298

  relationship with hallucinations 411–13

  in schizophrenia 24

  and the self 204

  social 329

  somatic/hypochondriacal 298, 329

  themes 296–301

  dementia paranoides 14, 15

  dementia praecox 520

  and encephalitis lethargica 39–40

  Jung’s work 21

  Kraepelin’s theories 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 37, 39–40, 221, 436

  Meyer’s work 44

  renamed schizophrenia 22–3

  see also schizophrenia

  Deniker, Pierre 91, 93

  Dennett, Daniel 28n, 199, 363, 541

  depression 233–8

  adaptive nature 209

  and appraisal 239–47

  and attribution self-representation cycle 254–62

  and coping strategies 262–5

  evolution of term 213–14

  maintenance of 262–5

  and memory bias 249–50

  model 269

  and negative symptoms 222

  and paranoia 344

  post-psychotic 413

  psychotic 206, 235–6, 238

  risk of 473

  and the self 247–53

  somatic symptoms 265–8

  subclinical 279

  unipolar 16, 36, 37, 38, 535

  depressive realism hypothesis 244–5n Depue, R. A. 103, 287

  Descartes, René 175, 201

  Determinants of Outcome of Severe Mental Disorders 124–6, 128–9, 130, 308, 356

  diagnosis

  as description 68–75

  Feighner criteria 58–9, 64, 65

  and health insurance 57, 62

  international differences in 50–53, 55, 56

  and outcome 86–7

  polydiagnostic approach 65–6

  predictive value 83–9

  reliability 43, 44–56, 63–6, 68

  and treatment 89–93

  validity 67–8

  and value judgement 176–7

  vanishing consensus effect 64–6

  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders see DSM-I–V

  Diamond, Diana 427

  Dickins, William 439

  Digit Span with Distraction Test 184, 186, 187

  dimension of experience 353n DiPasquale, Tony 352

  discourse planning 363–4, 392, 394

  discriminant function analysis 71, 74, 546–7

  dismissing attachment style 520

  dismorphobia 299, 328

  dissociative disorder 351, 351–2n distraction 263, 289–90, 520

  DNA 444

  Doane, Jeri 427

  Docherty, Nancy 145, 206, 388, 392, 442–3

  Dodgson, Guy 324

  Donaldson, Margaret 191

  dopamine 92–3, 167–8, 169–74, 521, 628

  receptors 167–8, 172–3, 486, 571, 628

  dopamine beta-hydroxylase 173–4

  DOSMD 124–6, 128–9, 130, 308, 356

  double-binds 466

  downward social drift 476–7, 521

  Dozier, Mary 469–70

  dreams 12

  dreapetomania 136

  droperidol 500n drug therapy 499–503

  and diagnosis 89–93

  drug names 89n

  effects on performance in psychological tests 180–81

  drug use and relapse 433

  Drury, Val 317

  DSDT 184, 186, 187

  DSM-I 46, 47, 57–8, 69

  DSM-II 47, 55, 69

  DSM-III 59–62, 63–4, 65, 69, 95, 116, 297n

  multi-axial system 105–6

  DSM-III-R 62, 64, 65, 66, 69, 297n DSM-IV 62–3, 69, 94, 133, 140, 297n

  delusions 301

  hallucinations 350

  influence of culture 138–9

  post-traumatic stress disorder 478

  DSM-V 63

  dualism 175, 199, 521

  Dudley, Robert 324, 325

  Dunbar, Robin 190, 343

  Dunham, Warren 476

  Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale 253, 280–81, 336

  dysphoria see depression

  ECA Study 70–71, 97–8

  eccentrics, speech 102–3

  echolalia 383, 385

  Edgerton, Robert 134

  EE 423–8, 467, 471–2, 522

  EEG 154–5, 161, 164, 362–3, 453, 521

  effect size 485–6

  Egeland, Janice 448

  einheitpsychose concept 94, 141, 410

  Ekman, Paul 210

  electroconvulsive therapy 497

  electrodermal skin response 252, 360, 521

  electroencephalography 154–5, 161, 164, 362–3, 453, 521

  electromyography 198, 360, 521

  eliminative materialism 541

  Ellgring, Heiner 226

  Ellis, Haydn 142, 310–11

  Elman, Jeffrey 446

  EMG 198, 360, 521

  emotional arousal

  and hallucinations 358–60

  and high EE relatives 425

  emotional circumplexes 215–19, 521–2

  emotions 205–6

  and appraisal 207–8

  basic 210, 516

  benefits 208–9

  and culture 214–15

  descriptive language 213–14

  dimensional structure 215–18

  expression 209–10

  lack of 219–29

  nature of 207–19

  subjective 210–18

  and thought disorder 387–8

  empathy 28–9

  encephalitis lethargica 39

  encephalization 190

  Endicott, Jean 55

  endogenous disorders 47

  environmental factors in aetiology 466–93

  Epidemiological Catchment Area Study 70–71, 97–8

  epistemological impulsivity 323–7

  Erikson, Erik 490

  Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L. 455

  erotomania 299

  Escher, Sondra 138, 313, 353, 355, 356, 412

  Esquirol, Jean-Etienne 350, 481

  Esterson, Aaron 466

  eugenics 30, 30n euphoria 273–4

  euthanasia, compulsory 30n evoked potentials 161

  Ewers, Paula 473

  experience sampling 225

  experiences see symptoms expressed emotion 423–8, 467, 471–2, 522

  expressive aphasia 362

  Eysenck, Hans 555–6

  Fabrega, Horacio 120, 121n, 136

  facial expression 209–10, 226

  facial recognition 310–11

  factor analysis 72–5, 522

  factors 72, 74

  failure experience, contrived 257–8, 257n

  Falloon, Ian 506

  family relationships 421–8, 465–7, 467–74

  family studies 77, 81–2

  family therapy 506–7, 523

  Faris, Robert 476

  Farmer, Ann 83

  Fear, Chris 319, 336

  feature encoding 199

  Feighner, John 58

  Fernyhough, Charles 482

  Feyerabend, Paul 540

  Finlay-Jones, Robert 431

  first law of research 6

  Five Minute Speech Sample 619

  flat affect 219–20, 224–6, 523

  Flechsig, Paul 10, 293–4, 295

  Fliess, Joseph 55, 56

  Flor-Henry, Pierre 163

  Flynn, James 439, 439n

  Flynn effect 439n

  fMRI 162–3, 516, 523

  Fodor, Jerry 193

  foetal exposure to viral in
fection 459–60

  Fogarty, Sarah 250

  folie à deux 69

  folk psychology 28n, 540–41

  Fonagy, Peter 468

  Forel, August 20

  Forgas, Joseph 257, 258

  Frank, Ellen 288

  Franzen, Goran 165

  Freeman, Daniel 328, 331

  Freeman, Walter 497, 529

  French, Chris 282

  Freud, Sigmund 9, 19, 20, 22, 23, 116

  differences with Bleuler 21–2

  honorary doctorate 44

  introduction of theories to USA 45

  theory of psychoanalysis 21

  writings on Daniel Schreber 294–5

  Frith, Chris 315–17, 342

  Fuchs, Thomas 308

  Fulford, Bill 99, 177

  functional analysis 409, 409n functional relationships 408–14

  GABA 167

  Gallagher, Tony 358

  Gambini, Orsola 443

  gamma-aminobutyric acid 167

  Garber, Judy 473

  Garety, Philippa 300, 323–4, 325, 508

  Gaupp, Robert 438

  Geddes, John 503

  Genain quadruplets 79–81

  gene–environment interactions 439–40

  genes 445

  marker 447

  genetic code 445

  genetics 75–83, 438–52

  genius and psychosis 112–15

  genome 444, 523

  scanning 447

  genotype 445

  Gershon, Samuel 170

  ghosts 360

  Gibson, Melissa 312

  Gilbert, Daniel 342

  Gilbert, Paul 209

  Glaser, Frederick 153

  glial cells 154

  Glick, Marion 344

  gliosis 156

  global attributions 241, 243–4, 247

  glossolalia 103

  glycine 167

  Godel, Kurt 112

  Goldberg, Terry 396, 398, 399

  Goldstein, Kurt 380

  Goldstein, Michael 471

  Goodman, Linda 478–9, 480–81, 486

  Goodwin, Frederick 273–4, 275, 276

  Gottesman, I. I. 83, 441

  Gottschalk, Allan 417

  Gould, Louis 361

  Gourlay, Jane 71

  Graham, George 364, 375, 376

  Gray, Jeffrey 287

  Green, Michael Foster 180, 185, 187, 188, 489

  Green, Paul 361

  Griesinger, Wilhelm 9, 150

  Grossman, Linda 400–401

  Grove, William 389, 396

  Gruzelier, John 164–5

  Gumley, Andrew 508

  Gunderson, John 505

  Gur, Raquel 164

  Guze, Samuel 151

  Haddock, Gill 145, 388, 507, 508

  Hall, G. Stanley 489–90

  Halliday, M. A. K. 390

  hallucinations 347–9

  auditory 351–2

  and bereavement 358–60

  clustering with delusions 72

  coping with 354–6

  cross-cultural studies 130, 133–4, 137–8, 356–7

  definitions 350, 523

  drug-induced 168–9, 354

  and emotional arousal 358–60

  and external stimulation 357–8, 359

  as first-rank symptoms 31, 34, 97, 351

  history of 349

  and illness 353–4

  incidence 96–8

  inducible 357

  and inner speech 360–64

  and mania 276

  model of 375–7

  and normal mental imagery 353

  olfactory 352

  psychological mechanisms 356–60

  relationship with delusions 411–13

  in schizoaffective disorder 35

  in schizophrenia 24

  and the self 204

  and source monitoring 367–74

  tactile 352

  and trauma 481–3

  visual 352–3

  hallucinogenic substances 168–9, 354

  haloperidol 170, 500n Hammen, Constance 473

  Hammersley, Paul 482

  handedness 164

  happiness 176n

  Hardy-Bayle, Marie-Christine 395

  Harris, Tirril 307–8, 429–30, 431–2

  Harrison, Glyn 128

  Harrop, Chris 490

  Harrow, Martin 222, 227, 301, 386–7, 389, 394, 400–401

  Harvey, Phil 390, 391, 394–5

  Hasan, R. 390

  Havers, Sue 369

  health insurance and diagnosis 57, 62

  Healy, David 267–8, 287–8, 319, 336, 500n

  heart failure, drug-induced 501

  hebephrenia 14, 15

  Heider, Fritz 240

  Heilbrun, Arthur 368

  Heinrichs, Walter 485–6

  Hemple, Carl 47, 58, 527

  Hemsley, David 323, 358

  Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic 44–5

  heritability estimates 438–9, 523–4

  Herz, Marvin 206

  Hickling, Fred 127–8, 127n

  Higgins, E. T. 250–52, 332

  high-risk studies 454–7, 458, 470–71, 471–2, 524

  Highfield, Julie 282

  Hill, David 449

  Himmler, Heinrich 76

  hippocampus 160

  Hirsch, Steven 222, 431

  Hoche, Alfred 30n, 94

  Hoenig, J. 31

  Hoffer, Abram 111–12

  Hoffman, Albert 168–9, 354

  Hoffman, Ralf 363–4, 392, 394

  Hogarty, Gerry 506

  Hollis, Chris 456

  homosexuality 57, 137

  homovanillic acid 172, 484, 486, 524

  Honderich, Ted 406

  Hooley, J. M. 425, 428

  hopelessness 247

  Hounsefield, Geoffrey 156–7

  Howard, Rob 344

  Hughes, Martin 191

  human behavioural breakdowns 120–21

  human genome project 194

  Hunt, Edna 48

  Hunt, William 48

  Hunter, Richard 151

  Huxley, Julian 111–12

  HVA 172, 484, 486, 524 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid 468 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 167, 169, 468, 570

  hypertension 107, 109

  hypnosis 357

  hypofrontality hypothesis 165–6, 524

  hypomania 273, 524

  incidence 103–4

  and self-esteem 282

  hypomanic personality 524

  Iacano, William 159

  ICD-6 46–7

  ICD-8 47, 50, 64, 65

  ICD-9 64

  ICD-10 62, 65, 66

  iconic memory 185, 515

  illusions 350

  imipramine 89

  immigrants 127–8, 308, 474–6

  incidence 524

  cross-cultural differences 120–28

  symptoms 96–104

  individualist societies and the self 201

  inferences and delusions 315–22

  Ingvar, David 165

  Inouye, Tsuyoshi 361

  insight 496–8, 525

  insulin coma 497

  intentional states 540

  intermingling 387

  internal stimuli and emotions 211–13

  International Classification of Diseases see ICD-6; ICD-8; ICD-9; ICD-10

  International Follow-up Study of Schizophrenia 123–4

  International List of Causes of Death 46

  International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (IPSS) 51–3, 54, 87, 123–4, 129

  IQ 439n, 461

  Jablensky, Assen 124

  Jackson, Henry 509

  Jackson, Hughlings 73n

  Jackson, Mike 99

  James, William 211

  Jamison, Kay Redfield 114, 270–72, 273–4, 275, 276

  Janet, Pierre 351–2n Jannsen, Paul 170

  Jaspers, Karl 25–9, 30, 37, 95, 300, 350, 378, 495, 520

  Java 122

  Jaynes, Julian
137–8, 349

  jealousy, delusional 299

  jet lag 267

  John, Caroline 324

  Johns, Louise 374

  Johnson, Marcia 365, 366, 369, 375

  Johnson, Sheri 283, 287, 431

  Johnson, William 312

  Johnstone, Eve 93, 158, 221–2, 354

  Jones, Ernest 277

  Jones, Peter 457

  Juhasz, Joseph 349

  Jung, Carl Gustav 20, 21, 44, 397–8

  Just, Nancy 264

  Kahlbaum, Karl Ludwig 538–9

  Kallman, Franz 76, 76n

  Kamin, Leon 76n, 79

  Kane, John 502–3

  Kaney, Sue 29, 257–8, 302, 313, 314, 318, 320, 334, 335

  kappa 55, 55n, 56, 64

  Karlsson, John 114

  Kasanin, Jacob 35, 36

  Katsanis, Joanna 227–8

  Kelley, Harold 254

  Kelly, George 304

  Kendell, Robert 62, 71, 87, 88, 481

  Kendler, Kenneth 441, 444

  Kenya 122–3

  Kernis, Michael 249, 282, 415–16

  Kerr, Natalie 317

  Kerr, Sandra 225

  ketamine 396

  Kety, Seymour 37, 39, 75, 78, 105

  Kinderman, Peter 252, 257, 285, 321–2, 332, 333–4, 337, 343

  kindling 84

  Kingdon, David 507–8

  Kinney, Dennis 443

  Kirk, Stuart 63

  Kissinger, Henry 305

  Kitayama, Shinobu 201

  Kleinman, Arthur 121n, 124, 125–6, 129, 139–40, 151n, 236–7

  Klerman, Gerald 58, 59, 63, 95, 142, 151

  Kliest, Karl 36

  koro 130, 519

  Kraepelin, Emil 9–14, 24, 26, 30, 34, 37, 175

  and alcoholism 537

  and attention 182–3

  clinical attitude 25

  Compendium of Psychiatry 10

  cross-cultural studies 122

  and dementia praecox 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 37, 39–40, 221, 436

  differences with Bleuler 22–3

  disciples 19

  and encephalitis lethargica 39–40

  and incoherent speech 378–9, 386

  legacy 16–18

  and manic depression 35, 36, 37, 84, 85–6

  mentors 293

  and paranoia 297n

  place in history of psychiatry 42–3

  post-mortem studies 155

  Textbook of Psychiatry 12, 14, 15, 16, 18

  theories on classification of mental illness (paradigm) 12–16, 42–3, 95, 140, 141, 410–11

  Kraepelin, Karl 9

  Kramer, M. 50

  Krasner, Leonard 313

  Kretschmer, Ernst 104

  Kring, Ann 225

  Kronengold, Henry 496

  Kruglanski, Arie 326

  Kuhn, Thomas 41–2

  Kuipers, Elizabeth 423, 427, 428

  Kutchins, Herb 63

  Laborit, Henri 90–91, 169

  Laing, R. D. 116, 152, 379, 386, 421, 466

  Lam, Dominic 290

  Langdon, Robyn 317

  language 194–8, 212n

  comprehension and production 388–92

  incidence of disorders 101–3

  and psychosis 203

  see also speech Largactil (chlorpromazine) 89, 90–91, 169, 170, 499, 501, 502–3, 644

  Larkin, Philip 465–6, 474

  LaRusso, Lucrezia 312

  latah 130, 131, 519

 

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