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Index
A Mathematician’s Apology 266
A Programming Language 217
A-2 compiler 203
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 74, 91, 92, 93, 104
absolute proof 45, 46
abstract artifact 4, 8, 29, 50, 56, 87, 113, 117, 127, 134, 136, 162, 190, 196, 202, 219, 242, 245, 253, 270, 281
abstract machine 87, 164, 202, 272, 273
abstract process 268
abstract world 50
abstraction 111, 135, 194, 243
Academic Press 280
academic respectability of computing 149, 151
Académie des Sciences (Paris) 128
accounting machine 69
accumulator 97, 98, 99, 100, 123, 243
ACM-GAMM meeting 205
acoustic delay line memory 110, 117, 119, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 129, 179, 184, 187n
adaptive behavior 40, 41
adaptive system 40
Addison-Wesley 281
Administrative Behavior 72, 226, 227
administrative theory 227
Advances in Computers 150, 281
aesthetics 181, 200, 266, 267, 272
agency 135
Aho, A.V. 263n
Aiken Computation Laboratory (Harvard) 129
Aiken, H.H. 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 80n, 81n, 85, 90, 121, 141, 203, 217, 287
al-Khowârazmi 252
Alexander, C. 27n
Alfonso XIII (King of Spain) 39
algebraic language 196
algebraic laws 36
Algol Bulletin 207
Algol family of languages 208, 215, 218, 236, 237, 255, 266, 281
Algol movement 205–216
Algol W programming language 215
Algol 58 programming language 206, 209, 210, 235
Algol 60 compiler 216
Algol 60 programming language 207–216, 219, 246
Algol 60 programming style 208
Algol 68 programming language 215, 216
Algorism 252
algorithm 4, 25, 47, 55, 101, 167, 191, 192, 193, 194, 197, 201, 202, 204, 218, 225, 230, 235, 242, 252–254, 259, 281
algorithmic language 212
Allen, F.E. 262n
alphabet 135, 213
Alt, F.L. 80n, 129, 155n, 176n
Amdahl, G.M. 250, 262n, 287
American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) 280
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 204
American Sociological Review 227
An Investigation of the Laws of Thought 65
analog computer 92, 95, 123, 158
analog technology 100
analogical thinking 19, 20, 21, 65, 159, 183, 225
analysis of algorithms 253–254
Analytical Engine 15, 17, 18, 21, 22, 24, 25, 28, 29, 35, 36, 38, 41, 49, 55, 56, 64, 71, 87, 125, 158, 173, 190
analytical machine (Ludgate) 35–38, 56
Andrade, E.N. da C. 16n
Annual Review of Automatic Programming 194
antiaircraft gun 62
anticipated carriage 18
APL programming language 217–219, 224n, 238
APL terminal 219
APL360 programming language 219
Application of an Electronic Digital Computer to Problems in Mathematics and Physics 149
application program 146
applied mathematics 108, 109, 120
Apt, K.R. 275n
Arbib, M.A. 131n, 245, 261n
Aristotle 99
arithmetic 61, 71, 76, 92, 103, 123, 138
arithmetic expressions 202
Arithmetic Operations in Digital Computers 280
arithmetic unit 18, 21, 63, 66, 75, 76, 85, 86, 95, 98, 100, 123, 179, 180, 183, 187n
array data structure 198
array language 218
Art of Computer Programming 252–254, 281
artifact 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 13, 50, 60, 61, 73, 86, 88, 97, 99, 100, 116, 134, 163, 206, 234, 284
artificial intelligence 25, 77, 79, 166–169, 171, 234–235, 281
artificial language 190, 201, 235
artificial life 164
artificial scientist 116
artificial world 39, 116, 158, 163
Artz, F.B. 41n
Ashton, T.S. 15n
assembler 145, 170, 191, 194, 203, 255
assembly 145, 151, 153
assembly language 145, 150, 169, 191, 194, 196, 202, 203, 253
assertion 138–139, 270–271, 274, 275
assignment operator 192, 199
assignment statement 138, 192, 202, 208, 270, 273–274
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) 70, 129, 171, 205, 280
astronomical table 11
Atanasoff, J.V. 94–96, 100, 102, 103, 104, 105n, 106n, 287
Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) 94–96, 97, 103, 104, 134
atom bomb 86, 113
AUTOCODE 195
automata theory 40, 56, 162, 163, 164, 244, 245, 246, 281
automatic computation and computing 1, 2, 10, 25, 28, 29, 31, 34, 36, 38, 40, 60, 67, 68, 71, 74, 75, 85, 94, 102, 103, 104, 109, 112, 120, 121, 126, 129, 138, 150, 153, 154, 217, 241, 277, 278, 279, 283
Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) 79, 118–119, 123, 129, 171
Automatic Computing with the EDSAC 149
Automatic Data Processing 218, 219, 280
Automatic Digital Computers 280
Automatic Information Organization and Retrieval 281
automatic programming system 194–197
automatic punch 35
Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC)/Harvard Mark I 69, 73
automatic translation 169–171, 201
automatic weaving 20
automaton 39, 40, 41, 56, 94, 134, 158, 162, 163, 164, 214, 228, 247
axiom 44, 45, 162, 163, 229, 230, 270, 271, 273, 279
axiom of assignment 273–274
axiomatic approach 44, 162, 163, 270–271, 273–275
axiomatic semantics 273–275
axiomatic system 47, 162, 163, 229
axioms of arithmetic 44, 47
B-line 125
Babbage, C. 1, 10, 12, 13, 16n, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 26n, 28, 29, 30, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 48, 49, 54, 56, 64, 67, 85, 87, 90, 124, 125, 134, 194, 217, 252, 277, 278, 287
Backus Normal (Naur) Form (BNF) 209–211, 215, 223n, 249, 272
Backus, J.W. 195–198, 200, 205, 209–210, 220n, 221n, 222n, 223n, 235, 261n, 287
backward chaining 23o
ballistic computation 91, 92, 93, 103, 110
Ballistics Research Laboratory (BRL) 63, 91, 93, 97, 108, 110, 128
Bar-Hillel, Y. 176n
Bardeen, J. 243
Barnard, C.I. 227, 238n
Barr, A. 176n
Barron, D.W. 148n
Bartlett, F.C. 114, 131n
Bartley, W.W. III 79n
Basalla, G. 16n, 79n, 80n, 106n
basic block 201
batch processing 256
Bates, M. 41n
Bauer, F. 191, 205, 219n, 220n, 222n, 287
beauty 266
Beeber, R.W. 221n
behaviorism 162
Bell Telephone Laboratories 60, 61, 68, 87, 89, 165, 243, 244
Bell Telephone Laboratories computer series 61, 62, 63, 71, 73, 89, 129, 134
Bell Telephone Laboratories Model I/Complex Computer 60, 61, 62, 64, 70
, 89
Bell Telephone Laboratories Model II/Relay Interpolator 62, 70
Bell Telephone Laboratories Model III/Ballistic Computer 62, 74
Bell Telephone Laboratories Model IV 62
Bell Telephone Laboratories Model V 62, 63
Bell Telephone Laboratories Model VI 62
Bell, C.G. 133n, 262n
Bennett, J.M. 156n
Berkeley, E.C. 171, 176n, 227
Bernal, J.D. 170
Bernoulli’s numbers 18, 25, 190
Berry, C. 94, 96, 104, 287
Bessel function 69
Best, S. 221n
Big O notation 253–254
Big Science 57, 196, 197, 220n
Bigelow, J. 179, 287
Bijker, W.E. 264n
Billings, J.S. 30
Binary arithmetic 66, 70, 75, 78, 85, 95
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) representation 73, 85
binary circuit 66
binary computer 74, 75, 77, 95, 123
binary counter 77
binary digit (bit) 165, 179, 192
binary system 70, 76, 78, 86, 94, 95, 118, 153, 161, 193
Binomial Theorem 37
biogenetic law 99
biological evolution 60, 61
biology 29
Birbeck College, London 170
Birman, A. 276n
Bisociation 181, 196
bistable device 64, 66, 78
BIT 280
bit-parallel processing 184, 187n
bit-serial processing 179, 184, 187n
Blaauw, G. 250, 262n, 287
Bletchley Park 57, 76, 77, 78, 87, 89, 112, 121
Block (Algol) 209, 272
Boden, M.A. 174n, 177n
Böhm, C. 194, 195, 196, 288
Bollée, L. 37, 101, 288
Bonner, J.T. 224n
Boole, G. 64, 65, 266, 288
Boolean algebra 25, 65, 66, 67, 78, 86, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 165, 193, 243
Boolean machine 78, 85, 90
Boolean operation 66, 125
Booth, A.D. 170, 288
Bottenbruch, H. 222n
bottom-up design 268
bounded rationality 72, 73, 109, 110, 227–228, 230, 233, 266
Bowden, B.V. 227
Boyer, C. 26n, 58n, 80n
Boys, C.V. 38, 42n
Brainerd, J. 93, 94, 99, 100, 106n, 288
Braithwaite, R.B. 48
Bramah, J. 13
branching facility 104, 123, 137
Brattain, W. 243
British Computer Society 254, 280
British Tabulating Machines (BTM) 33
Bromley, A. 22, 23, 26n, 27n, 28, 36, 41n
Brooke, R. 49
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