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Lords of Finance Page 60

by Liaquat Ahamed


  ROBBINS, LIONEL. The Great Depression. London: Macmillan and Co., 1934.

  ROBERTS, PRISCILLA. “ ‘Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes’: The Federal Reserve’s System’s Founding Fathers and Allied Finances in the First World War.” Business History Review 72 (1998): 585-620.

  _____________ “Benjamin Strong, the Federal Reserve, and the Limits to Interwar American Nationalism.” Economic Quarterly Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, 86 (2000): 61-98.

  ROBERTS, STEPHEN. The House That Hitler Built. London: Methuen, 1937.

  ROGERS, WILLIAM. The Writings of Will Rogers. Edited by James M. Smallwood, et. al. Stillwater, OK.: Oklahoma State University Press, 1973-1983.

  ROLPH, C.H. Kingsley: The Life Letters and Diaries of Kinsley Martin. London: Victor Gollancz. 1973.

  Romer, CHRISTINA D. “The Great Crash and the Onset of the Great Depression.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 105 (1990): 597-624.

  _____________”The Nation in Depression,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 7 (1993): 19-39.

  ______________ “What Ended the Great Depression?” The Journal of Economic History, 52 (1992): 757-784.

  ROTHBARD, MURRAY. A History of Money and Banking in the United States. Alabama: Ludwig Von Mises Institute, 2002.

  Russell, BERTRAND. Autobiography. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1967.

  SAHL, HANS. Memoiren eines Moralisten. Frankfurt:Luchterland,1985.

  SAINT-AULAIRE, COMTE De. Confessions d’un Vieux Diplomate. Paris, 1953.

  SARGENT, THOMAS. “Stopping Moderate Inflation: The Methods of Poincaré and Thatcher.” in Inflation, Debts and Indexation. Eds. Rudiger Dornbusch, Mario H. Simonsen, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1983.

  SARGENT, THOMAS. Stopping Moderate Inflation: The Methods of Poincare and Thatcher” in Rational Expectations and Inflation, New York: Harper Collins, 1993.

  SAUVY, A. Histoire Economique de la France entre les Deux Guerres. Paris: Fayard, 1965.

  SAYERS, R.S.. The Bank of England 1891-1944. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

  SCHACHT, HJALMAR. The Stabilization of the Mark. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1927.

  _____________ The End of Reparations. New York: Jonathan Cape, 1931.

  ______________ Account Settled. London: George Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1949.

  ______________ My First Seventy-six Years. London: Allan Wingate, 1955.

  SCHEELE, GODFREY. The Weimar Republic: Overture to the Third Reich. London: Faber and Faber, 1946.

  SCHLESINGER, ARTHUR M. Jr.: The Age of Roosevelt: The Crisis of the Old Order, 1919-1933. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1957.

  _______________ The Age of Roosevelt: The Coming of The New Deal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin and Co. 1988.

  SCHMITZ, DAVID F. Henry Stimson : The First Wise Man. Wilmington, Delaware: SR Books. 2001.

  SCHUBERT, Aurel. The Credit Anstalt Crisis of 1931. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

  SCHUKER, STEPHEN. The End of French Predominance in Europe. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1976.

  SCHWARTZ, ANNA J. A Retrospective on the Classical Gold Standard. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.

  SCHWARZ, JORDAN. 1933: Roosevelt’s Decision, The United States Leaves the Gold Standard. New York: Chelsea Publishing House, 1969.

  SEDILLOT, RENÉ. Histoire du Franc. Paris: Recueil Sirey, 1939.

  ____________ Les Deux Cents Familles. Paris: Librarie Academique Perrin, 1988.

  SELDES, GILBERT. The Years of the Locust: America 1929-1932. Boston: Little Brown, 1933.

  SHAPIRO, FRED. (ed.) The Yale Book of Quotations. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

  SHIRER, WILLIAM L. The Collapse of the Third Republic. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1969.

  ____________ The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990.

  Sicsic, Pierre. “Was the Poincaré Franc Deliberately Undervalued?” Explorations in Economic History 29 (1992): 71-74.

  SILBER, WILLIAM L., “Why Did FDR’s Bank Holiday Succeed?” (August 2007). New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business Working Paper.

  SIMONDS, FRANK H. How Europe Made Peace Without America. Garden City, NJ: Doubleday Page, 1927.

  SIMPSON, Amos E.. Hjalmar Schacht in Perspective. New York: Humanities Press, 1969.

  SKIDELSKY, ROBERT, DONALD WINCH and D. D. RAPHAEL. Three Great Economists: Smith. Malthus, Keynes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

  SKIDELSKY, ROBERT. John Maynard Keynes: Hopes Betrayed 1883-1920. London: Macmillan and Co., 1983.

  ______________ John Maynard Keynes: The Economist as Saviour 1920-1937. London: Macmillan and Co., 1992.

  ______________ John Maynard Keynes: Fighting for Britain 1937-1946 . London: Macmillan and Co., 2000.

  SKOUSEN, MARK. “Keynes as a Speculator: A Critique of Keynesian Investment Theory” Dissent on Keynes. Edited by Mark Skousen. New York: Praeger, 1992

  SNOWDEN, PHILIP. An Autobiography. London: Ivor Nicholson and Watson, 1934.

  Sobel, ROBERT. Panic on Wall Street. New York: E.P.Dutton, 1988. ___________ The Great Bull Market. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1968.

  SOMARY, Felix. The Raven of Zurich: The Memoirs of Felix Somary. New York: St Martins Press. 1986.

  Soule, George. Prosperity Decade: From War to Depression: 1917-1929. New York: Rinehart, 1947.

  SPARLING, EARL. Mystery Men of Wall Street: The Powers Behind the Market. New York: Greenberg, 1930.

  STEFFENS, LINCOLN. The Autobiography of Lincoln Steffens. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1931.

  STEINER, ZARA. The Lights That Failed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.

  STEPHENSON, NATHANIEL W. Nelson Aldrich: A Leader in American Politics. New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1930.

  STIMSON HENRY L. and McGeorge Bundy. On Active Service In Peace and War. New York: Harper and Brothers. 1948.

  STONE, NORMAN. World War One: A Short History. London: Allen Lane, 2007.

  STRACHAN, HEW. The First World War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

  STRESEMANN, GUSTAV. Gustav Stresemann: His Diaries, Letters and Papers. ed Eric Sutton, New York: Macmillan and Company, 1935.

  STROUSE, JEAN. Morgan: An American Financier. New York: Random House, 1999.

  TAYLOR, A.J.P. English History 1914-1945. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965.

  __________ Beaverbrook. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972.

  TEMIN, PETER. “The beginnings of the Depression in Germany.” Economic History Review 24 (1971): 240-48.

  __________ “Transmission of the Great Depression.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 7 (1991): 87-102.

  __________ Lessons from the Great Depression. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1989.

  TEMIN, PETER and BARRIE A. Wigmore. “The end of one big deflation.” Explorations in Economic History, 27 (1990): 483-502.

  Temperley, HAROLD AND G.P GOOCH. British Documents on the Origins of the War Vol 11. London: HMSO, 1926.

  TEMPLEWOOD, VISCOUNT. Nine Troubled Years. London: Collins, 1954.

  THOMAS, DANA. The Plungers and the Peacocks. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1967.

  THOMAS, GORDON and MAX MORGAN-WITTS. The Day the Bubble Burst. New York: Doubleday, 1979.

  Tooze, ADAM. The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy. New York: Viking Penguin, 2006.

  Toye, RICHARD. Lloyd George and Churchill: Rivals for Greatness. London: Pan Books, 2007.

  TOYNBEE, ARNOLD. Survey of International Affairs 1931. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1932.

  TRACHTENBERG, MARC. Reparation in World Politics: France and European Economic Diplomacy, 1916- 1923 . New York: Columbia University Press, 1980.

  TRESCOTT, PAUL. “The Failure of the Bank of United States, 1930.” Journal of Money Credit and Banking 24 (1992): 384-399.

  TRIFFIN, ROBERT. The Evolution of the International Monetary System: Historical Reappraisal and Future Perspectives. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1
964.

  ___________ Our International Monetary System: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow. New York: Random House, 1968.

  TUCHMAN, BARBARA. The Guns of August. New York: Random House, 1962. _______________ The Proud Tower. New York: Macmillan and Co. 1966.

  U.S. GOVERNMENT. Trial of Major War Criminals Before The International Military Tribunal. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1949.

  VALANCE, Georges. La Legende du Franc. Paris: Flammarion, 1996.

  VANDERLIP, FRANK A. From Farm Boy to Financier. New York: Appleton-Century Co., 1935.

  VANSITTART, ROBERT. The Mist Procession: The Autobiography of Lord Vansittart. London: Hutchinson and Co., 1958.

  Virgil. The Aeneid. Translated by Robert Fagles. New York: Viking, 2006.

  VOTH, HANS-JOACHIM. “Did high wages or high interest rates bring down the Weimar Republic?” Journal of Economic History 55 (1995): 801-821.

  _______________ “With a Bang, not a Whimper: Pricking Germany’s Stock Market Bubble in 1927 and the Slide into Depression.” Journal of Economic History 63 (2005): 65-99

  WALWORTH, ARTHUR. Woodrow Wilson. New York: W.W. Norton and Co. 1978.

  WARBURG, JAMES. The Long Road Home. Garden City: Doubleday and Co., 1964.

  WARBURG, PAUL. The Federal Reserve System: Its Origins and Growth. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1930.

  Webb, BEATRICE. Diary of Beatrice Webb: The Wheel of Life, 1924-1943, Vol. 4. Edited by Norman and Jeanne Mackenzie, Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1985.

  Webb, STEVEN B. Hyperinflation and Stabilization in Weimar Germany. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

  WEITZ, JOHN. Hitler’s Banker. New York: Little Brown, 1997.

  Wells, H.G.. The Work, Wealth and Happiness of Mankind. New York: Doubleday Doran and Company, 1931.

  _________ Experiment in Autobiography. New York. Macmillan, 1934.

  WERNER, M.R. Little Napoleons and Dummy Directors: The Narrative of the Bank of United States. New York: Harper and Brothers. 1933.

  WEST, REBECCA. A Train of Powder. New York: Viking. 1955.

  WesT, ROBERT C. Banking Reform and the Federal Reserve 1863-1923. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1977.

  WHEELOCK, DAVID. “Monetary Policy in the Great Depression: What the Fed Did and Why.” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, March 1992, 3-28.

  WHITE, EUGENE N. “The Stock Market Boom and Crash of 1929 Revisited.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 4 (1990): 67-83.

  WHITE, WILLIAM ALLEN. The Autobiography of William Allen White. New York: Macmillan, 1946.

  Wicker, Elmus. The Banking Panics of The Great Depression. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

  ___________ “Roosevelt’s 1933 Monetary Experiment.” The Journal of American History, 57 (1971): 864-879.

  Wigmore, BARRIE A. “Was the Bank Holiday of 1933 Caused by a Run on the Dollar?” The Journal of Economic History, 47 (1987): 739-755.

  WILLIAMS, DAVID. “London and the 1931 Financial Crisis.” The Economic History Review, 15 (1963): 513-528.

  WILLIAMS, FRANCIS. A Pattern of Rulers. London: Longmans , 1965.

  WILSON, A. N.. The Victorians. London: Hutchinson and Co., 2002. _________ After the Victorians. London: Hutchinson and Co., 2005.

  WINKELMAN, BARNIE F. Ten Years of Wall Street. Philadelphia, PA: John C. Winston and Co., 1932.

  WOLFF, THEODORE. The Eve of 1914. New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1936.

  _____________ Through Two Decades. London: William Heinemann Ltd, 1936.

  WOOLF, VIRGINIA. The Diary of Virginia Woolf: Vol. 4. Edited by Anne Olivier Bell, London: Hogarth, 1982.

  WORSTHORNE, PEREGRINE. Democracy Needs Aristocracy. London: HarperCollins, 2004.

  WUESCHNER, SILVANO. Charting Twentieth-Century Monetary Policy: Herbert Hoover and Benjamin Strong 1917-1927. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 1999.

  YEAGER, LEYLAND B. International Monetary Relations. New York: Harper and Row, 1976.

  ZELDIN, THEODORE. A History of French Passions; Volume One: Ambition and Love. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980.

  _____________ A History of French Passions: Volume Three: Intellect and Price. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980.

  ZWEIG, STEFAN. The World of Yesterday. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1964.

  ZIEGLER, PHILIP. The Sixth Great Power: Barings, 1762-1929. London: Collins, 1988.

  INDEX

  Page numbers in boldface indicate photographs.

  Abernon, Edgar Vincent d’

  Acheson, Dean

  Agadir crisis (1911)

  Agricultural Adjustment Act

  Albert, Arthur William Patrick, Duke of Connaught

  Aldrich, Nelson

  Aldrich Plan

  Angell, Norman

  Asian crisis (1997-98)

  atomic bomb, development of

  Australia

  Austria

  bank holiday in

  and British departure from gold

  Credit Anstalt failure in

  and customs union

  declaration of war against Serbia by

  German capital in

  gold standard in

  interest rates in

  optimism on duration of war in

  pounds/sterling reserves in

  Austrian National Bank

  automobile industry

  Autonomy Law (Germany, 1922, 1922

  Babson, Roger

  Bagehot, Walter

  Baldwin, Stanley

  Balfour, Arthur

  Bank Act (Great Britain, 1844)

  Bank of England

  and Banque de France

  and blame for Great Depression

  as center of international finance

  Churchill comments about

  and commercial/merchant banks

  Committee of Daily Waiting of

  Committee of the Treasury of

  control of

  Court/directors of

  creation of

  and Credit Anstalt problem

  currency issuance by

  and deflation

  and devaluation of pound

  embargo on foreign loans by

  and events leading to World War

  Federal Reserve relations with

  French gold reserves in

  and French-British relations

  functions of

  and funding for war

  and German recovery

  gold reserves of

  and gold standard

  government’s relationship with

  governorship of

  and Hatry case

  headquarters of

  impact of Great Depression on

  importance of

  independence of

  and interest rates

  and J.P. Morgan

  and Keynes

  and Macmillan Committee

  and moratorium on reparations and war debt

  Norman as governor of

  as Norman “mistress,”

  Norman portrait at

  and Polish loan

  powers of

  reaction to Great Crash by

  and “real bills” theory of credit

  and Reichsbank

  and Romania funding

  run on/withdrawals from

  special privileges of

  and stock market bubble

  Bank of England (cont.)

  Strong visit to

  suspension of gold payments by

  and U.S. loans to Britain

  U.S./New York Fed loans to

  and war debts

  Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

  Bank of United States (BUS)

  Bankers Trust Company

  Banking Commission (Occupied Belgium)

  banks/bankers, U.S.

  and bank holidays

  closings of

  confidence in

  congressional study of

  as consortium for loan to Great Britain

/>   as consortium to rescue stock market

  credit from

  and Dawes Plan

  failures of

  and German economy

  gold reserves of

  image of

  panics in

  reopening of

  Roosevelt rescue package for

  run on/withdrawals from

  stabilization of

  banks/banking system

  and British departure from gold

  and characteristics of Great Depression

  and devaluation of dollar

  divisions within

  first panic in

  and lending to foreign governments

  optimism about duration of war by

  Banque d’Algérie et Tunisie

  Banque de France

  Annual General Assembly of

  and Bank of England

  Banque d’Algérie compared with

  and blame for Great Depression

  and British departure from gold standard

  and British-French relations

  and Caillaux

  conservatism of

  and Council of Regents

  creation of

  credibility of

  and currency policy

  divisiveness within

  and exchange rate

  faux bilans scandal involving

  and foreign exchange

  foreign loans for

  and French economic recovery

  and French-German relations

  funding for war by

  and German economy

  and German invasion of France

  gold reserves of

  and gold standard

  government’s relationship with

  governorship of

  headquarters of

  importance of

  independence of

  and interest rates

  Le Circulaire Bleu of

  Moreau named head of

  Moreau resignation from

  Moret appointed head of

  Moret resignation from

  and Napoleonic wars

  and New York Fed

  and Norman pessimism about economy

  Norman visit to

  and Polish loan

  pounds/sterling at

  as private institution

  reaction to Great Crash by

  and Romania funding

  run on/withdrawals from

  Strong visit to

  and war debt

  during World War

  and Young conference

  Banque de Paris et Pays-Bas

  Banque Turque pour le Commerce et l’Industrie

  Baring family

 

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