14. Washington correspondence by Ben: Perley Poore, 1 Jan., Boston Journal, 3 Jan. 1862.
15. Washington correspondence, 27 Jan., New York Commercial Advertiser, 28 Jan. 1862.
16. Smith to Henry Shelton Sanford, 19 Feb. 1862, Sanford Papers, in John Y. Simon, “Lincoln and Truman Smith,” Lincoln Herald 67 (1965): 127.
17. E. P. Norton to S. S. Cox, New York, 31 Jan. 1862, Cox Papers, RPB.
18. Washington correspondence, 9 Feb., New York Evening Post, 10 Feb. 1862.
19. William Kellogg to Joseph Gillespie, Washington, 9 Feb. 1862, Joseph Gillespie Papers, ICHi.
20. Wendell Phillips, speech in Boston, 17 Apr., in The Liberator (Boston), 25 Apr. 1862; Noyes W. Miner to John Y. Scammon et al., Belvidere, Illinois, 1 Aug. 1871, Quincy, Illinois, Whig, 16 Mar. 1872, copied in the New York Times, 23 Mar. 1872.
21. McClellan to Lincoln, Camp Scott, 20 Apr. 1862, AL MSS DLC.
22. New York Tribune, 18 Jan. 1862; Washington correspondence, 21 Jan., New York Evening Post, 22 Jan. 1862.
23. George W. Rives to Lyman Trumbull, Paris, Illinois, 12 Feb. 1862, Lyman Trumbull Papers, DLC.
24. John Hay to Herndon, Paris, 5 Sept. 1866, Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis, eds., Herndon’s Informants: Letters, Interviews, and Statements about Abraham Lincoln [hereafter HI] (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 332.
25. Nicolay to the Chicago Tribune, Washington, 19 June 1863, in Michael Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House: Letters, Memoranda, and Other Writings of John G. Nicolay, 1860-1865 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 116.
26. Stoddard, “White House Sketches No. 2,” New York Citizen, 25 Aug. 1866, in Stoddard, Inside the White House in War Times, ed., Burlingame, 148.
27. Francis B. Carpenter, The Inner Life of Abraham Lincoln: Six Months at the White House (New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1867), 258–259.
28. Public address, 11 Apr. 1865, in Roy P. Basler et al., eds., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln [hereafter CWL] (8 vols. plus index; New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953–1955), 8:401.
29. Mary Todd Lincoln, interview with Herndon, [Sept. 1886], HI, 358.
30. Paxton Hibben, Henry Ward Beecher: An American Portrait (New York: G.H. Doran, 1927), 156.
31. Carpenter, Inner Life of Lincoln, 230.
32. Isabella Beecher Hooker to John Hooker, 19 Nov. 1862, in Debby Applegate, The Most Famous Man in America: The Biography of Henry Ward Beecher (New York: Doubleday, 2006), 341; Thomas Beecher to Henry Ward Beecher, 10 Aug. 1862, Beecher Papers, Yale University.
33. Ward Hill Lamon, Recollections of Abraham Lincoln, 1847–1865, ed. Dorothy Lamon Teillard (2nd ed.; Washington, DC: The Editor, 1911), 261.
34. Gay told to this to Josephine Shaw Lowell. William Rhinelander Stewart, The Philanthropic Work of Josephine Shaw Lowell (New York: Macmillan, 1911), 23 (diary entry for 3 Apr. 1862).
35. Carpenter, Inner Life of Lincoln, 281–282.
36. Endorsement dated 23 Dec. 1862 on a letter from Henry P. Tappan to Lincoln, University of Michigan, 22 Nov. 1862, AL MSS DLC.
37. Stoddard, “White House Sketches No. 4,” New York Citizen, 8 Sept. 1866, Stoddard, Inside the White House, ed. Burlingame, 157–158.
38. Carpenter, Inner Life of Lincoln, 253–254.
39. Washington correspondence, 19 Oct., New York Evening Post, 21 Oct. 1865.
40. Marie Caroline Post, The Life and Memoirs of Comte Régis de Trobriand, Major-General in the Army of the United States (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1909), 252.
41. Washington correspondence by Van [D. W. Bartlett], 1 Jan., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 4 Jan. 1862.
42. Letter by Congressman A. S. Diven, Columbia, Missouri, Statesman, 14 Feb. 1862, copy, Allan Nevins Papers, Columbia University.
43. This comment was made on 17 Jan. 1862 to Moncure Conway, editor of the Boston Commonwealth, and William Henry Channing. Boston Commonwealth, 6 Sept. 1862.
44. Washington correspondence, 6 Feb., New York Tribune, 7 Feb. 1862.
45. Speed to Joseph Holt, Washington, 4 Feb. 1862, Holt Papers, DLC.
46. Theodore Calvin Pease and James G. Randall, eds., The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning (2 vols.; Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1925–1933), 1:595 (entry for 12 Dec. 1862).
47. Washington correspondence by White-law Reid, 10 Mar. 1863, Cincinnati Gazette, n.d., scrapbook, Reid Family Papers, DLC.
48. Washington correspondence by “Miriam” (Mrs. John A. Kasson), 20 Feb., Iowa State Register (Des Moines), 1 Mar. 1862.
49. Major J. G. Benton to James Watson Webb, Washington, 28 Feb. 1862, James Watson Webb Papers, Sterling Library, Yale University.
50. Dillard C. Donnohue, interview with Jesse W. Weik, 13 Feb. 1887, HI, 602.
51. Nicolay, journal entry for 17 Feb. 1862, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 69.
52. Henry A. Wise to A. H. Foote, Washington, 23 Jan. 1862, in CWL, 5:108.
53. Henry A. Wise to A. H. Foote, Washington, 31 Jan. 1862, William P. Palmer Collection, Western Reserve Historical Society.
54. Robert V. Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of War (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1956), 162.
55. Virginia Fox diary, [26?] Jan. 1862, Levi Woodbury Papers, DLC.
56. Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997), 28–29 (entry for 26 Oct. 1861).
57. Stoddard, Inside the White House, ed. Burlingame, 21–23, 163; Washington correspondence, 22 Sept. 1862, New York World, 23 Sept. 1861; Washington correspondence, 20 Sept., Philadelphia Press, 21 Sept. 1861.
58. Stanton to Charles A. Dana, Washington, 24 Jan. 1862, Dana Papers, DLC.
59. Washington correspondence by “Linkensale,” 14 Jan., Iowa State Register (Des Moines), 21 Jan. 1862.
60. G. W. Gans to John Sherman, Eaton, Ohio, 23 Feb. 1862, John Sherman Papers, DLC.
61. Fanny Garrison to Theodore Tilton, Boston, 6 Apr. 1862, Tilton Papers, New-York Historical Society.
62. Stanton to Herman Dyer, Washington, 18 May 1862, Stanton Papers, DLC.
63. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 35 (entry for [Mar. 1862]).
64. Cincinnati Gazette, 3 Mar., quoted in the Cincinnati Commercial, 14 Mar. 1862.
65. Washington correspondence, 5 Feb., New York Tribune, 6 Feb. 1862.
66. McClellan to Stanton, Washington, 31 Jan. [3 Feb.] 1862, AL MSS DLC.
67. Lincoln to McClellan, Washington, 3 Feb. 1862, CWL, 5:119.
68. Henry Wilson interviewed by Nicolay, 16 Nov. 1875, in Michael Burlingame, ed., An Oral History of Abraham Lincoln: John G. Nicolay’s Interviews and Essays (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996), 84.
69. Washington correspondence, 12 Mar., New York Evening Post, 13 Mar. 1862.
70. Sumner to John A. Andrew, Washington, 27 Apr. 1862, Beverly Wilson Palmer, ed., The Selected Letters of Charles Sumner (2 vols.; Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1990), 2:112.
71. Stanton to Lander, Washington, 17 Feb. 1862, Stanton Papers, DLC.
72. Horace White to Joseph Medill, Washington, 3 Mar. 1862, Charles Henry Ray Papers, CSmH.
73. Unidentified newspaper clipping, “Anecdotes of Abraham Lincoln,” Lincoln Shrine, A. K. Smiley Library, Redlands, California; William O. Stoddard, Abraham Lincoln: The True Story of a Great Life (New York: Fords, Howard, & Hulbert, 1884), 285.
74. Nicolay memorandum, 27 Feb. 1862, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 72.
75. Virginia Fox diary, entry for 7 Mar. 1862, Levi Woodbury Papers, DLC.
76. Washington correspondence, 20 Feb., New York Tribune, 22 Feb. 1862.
77. Washington correspondence by “Linkensale,” 4 Mar., Iowa State Register (Des Moines), 12 Mar. 1862.
78. Washington correspondence by Van [D. W. Bartlett], 22 Jan., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 24 Jan. 1862.
80. James H. Campbell to his wife, Juliet Lewis Campbell, Washington, 4 Mar. 1862, Campbell Papers, Schoff Civil War Collection, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan.
81. Owen Lovejoy to his children, Washington, 23 Feb. 1862, Lovejoy Papers, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan.
82. William Florville to Lincoln, Springfield, 27 Dec. 1863, AL MSS DLC.
83. Nathaniel P. Willis in Elizabeth Keckley, Behind the Scenes; or, Thirty Years a Slave and Four Years in the White House (New York: G. W. Carleton, 1868), 106–107; Washington correspondence, 21 Feb., Philadelphia Inquirer, 22 Feb. 1862; Washington correspondence, 24 Feb., New York Herald, 26 Feb. 1862.
84. Horatio Nelson Taft diary, DLC (entries for 13 Jan., 20 Feb. 1862).
85. Julia Taft Bayne, Tad Lincoln’s Father (Boston: Little, Brown, 1931), 8.
86. Diary of Fanny Seward, 5 Feb. 1863, in Patricia Carley Johnson, ed., “Sensitivity and Civil War: The Selected Diaries and Papers, 1858–1868, of Frances Adeline Seward” (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Rochester, 1963), 647.
87. New York World, weekly edition, 8 Mar. 1862.
88. William O. Stoddard, “White House Sketches No. 1,” New York Citizen, 18 Aug. 1866, in Stoddard, Inside the White House in Wartimes, ed. Burlingame, 145.
89. Beale, ed., Bates Diary, 233 (entry for 18 Feb. 1862).
90. Nicolay, journal entry for 20 Feb. 1862, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 71.
91. Washington correspondence, 20 Feb., Philadelphia Inquirer, 21 Feb. 1862.
92. Elihu Washburne to his wife, [Washington], 21 Feb. [1862], Washburn Family Papers, Washburn Memorial Library, Norlands, Maine.
93. Keckley, Behind the Scenes, 103.
94. Anna L. Boyden, Echoes from Hospital and White House: A Record of Mrs. Rebecca R. Pomroy’s Experience in War (Boston: D. Lothrop, 1884), 56.
95. Mrs. Henry A. Wise (née Charlotte Everett) to her father, Edward Everett, Washington, 2 Mar. 1862, Everett Papers, MHi.
96. Washington correspondence by Van [D. W. Bartlett], 26 Feb., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 28 Feb. 1862; Washington correspondence, 27 Feb., New York Evening Post, 28 Feb. 1862.
97. “Washington as It Appeared in March, 1862,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 23 Jan. 1887.
98. Francis B. Fox to Ida Tarbell, New York, 13 Nov. 1939, Tarbell Papers, Allegheny College.
99. Boyden, Echoes from Hospital, 62.
100. Lincoln to Stanton, Washington, 15 July 1862, CWL, 5:326.
101. Washington correspondence, 24 Mar., New York Examiner, 27 Mar. 1862, Michael Burlingame, ed., Dispatches from Lincoln’s White House: The Anonymous Civil War Journalism of Presidential Secretary William O. Stoddard (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002), 66.
102. LeGrande Cannon, Personal Reminiscences of the Rebellion, 1861-1866 (New York: Burr Printing House, 1895), 173–174; LeGrande Cannon to Herndon, near Burlington, Vermont, 7 Oct. [1889], HI, 679. The quoted passage appears in King John, act 3, scene 4, lines 79–81.
103. Matthew Simpson’s funeral oration in David B. Chesebrough, No Sorrow Like Our Sorrow: Northern Protestant Ministers and the Assassination of Lincoln (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1994), 135.
104. Mary Todd Lincoln to Francis B. Carpenter, Chicago, 15 Nov. [1865], in Justin G. Turner and Linda Levitt Turner, eds., Mary Todd Lincoln: Her Life and Letters (New York: Knopf, 1972), 285.
105. Washburne to his wife, [Washington,] Tuesday [20 May 1862], Washburn Family Papers, Washburn Memorial Library, Norlands, Maine.
106. Mary Lincoln to Julia Ann Sprigg, Washington, 29 May 1862, in Turner and Turner, eds., Mary Todd Lincoln, 127.
107. Keckley, Behind the Scenes, 104–105.
108. Elizabeth Todd Edwards, interviewed by Herndon, [1865–1866], HI, 444–445.
109. Elizabeth Edwards to Julia Edwards, Washington, 2 Mar. 1862, in Ruth Painter Randall, Mary Todd Lincoln: Biography of a Marriage (Boston: Little, Brown, 1953), 287.
110. Ibid., 289.
111. David Davis to W. W. Orme, [St. Louis], 23 Feb. 1862, Orme Papers, IHi.
112. Alexander Williamson, interviewed in the New York Press, 14 Apr. 1889; Keckley, Behind the Scenes, 107.
113. Josiah Kent, Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 9 Jan. 1909.
114. Elizabeth Todd Grimsley, “Six Months in the White House,” Journal of the Illlinois State Historical Society 19 (1926–1927): 53–54.
115. Stoddard, Inside the White House in War Times, ed. Burlingame, 66.
116. Bayne, Tad Lincoln’s Father, 8.
117. Helen Nicolay, Lincoln’s Secretary: A Biography of John G. Nicolay (New York: Longmans, Green, 1949), 133.
118. Noah Brooks, Washington in Lincoln’s Time (New York: Century, 1895), 281.
119. Margarita Spalding Gerry, ed., Through Five Administrations: Reminiscences of Colonel William H. Crook, Body-Guard to President Lincoln (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1910), 23.
120. Davis to his wife Sarah, St. Louis, 23 Feb. 1862, Davis Papers, IHi.
121. George Brinton McClellan, McClellan’s Own Story: The War for the Union (New York: C. L. Webster, 1887), 195–196.
122. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 35 (entry for [Mar. 1862]).
123. McDowell, speech at San Francisco, 21 Oct. 1864, New York Herald, 4 Dec. 1864.
124. Stephen W. Sears, To the Gates of Richmond: The Peninsula Campaign (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1992), 7.
125. CWL, 5: 149–150.
126. Samuel P. Heintzelman journal, entry for 8 Mar. 1862, Heintzelman Papers, DLC.
127. Lincoln to McClellan, Washington, 9 May 1862, CWL, 5:208.
128. John G. Nicolay and John Hay, Abraham Lincoln: A History (10 vols.; New York: Century, 1890), 5:221, citing an interview by Nicolay with Gustavus Fox.
129. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 36 (entry for [Mar. 1862]).
130. Beale, ed., Bates Diary, 239 (entry for 11 Mar. 1862).
131. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 36 (entry for [Mar. 1862]).
132. “Notes at Washington,” by S[amuel] B[owles], n.d., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 27 Mar. 1862.
133. Washington correspondence, 12 Mar., New York Evening Post, 13 Mar. 1862.
134. Josiah G. Holland to George William Curtis, New York, 18 Apr. 1862, Curtis Papers, Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences.
135. Blair to Frémont, 24 Aug. 1861, New York Herald, 8 Mar. 1862; Washington correspondence, 6 Apr., New York Tribune, 7 Apr. 1862.
136. Elizabeth Blair Lee to Samuel P. Lee, Silver Spring, Maryland, 6 Mar. 1862 in Virginia Jeans Laas, ed., Wartime Washington: The Civil War Letters of Elizabeth Blair Lee (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991), 106–107.
137. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 36 (entry for [Mar. 1862]).
138. Noah Brooks, “Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 31 (July 1865): 225.
139. Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant (2 vols.; New York: C. L. Webster, 1885–1886), 2:122.
140. McClellan, McClellan’s Own Story, 165.
141. New York Herald, 6 Apr. 1862.
142. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 35 (entry for [Mar. 1862]).
143. Fessenden to Elizabeth Warriner, Washington, 15 Mar. 1862, Fessenden Papers, Bowdoin College.
144. Spinner to Timothy C. Day, Washington, [ca. 15 Mar.] 1862, in Sarah J. Day, The Man on a Hill Top (Philadelphia: Ware Brothers, 1931), 260.
145. Adams S. Hill to Henry W. Bellows, [Washington], 2 Apr. [1862], Bellows Papers, MHi.
146. Gurowski to Zachariah Chandler, Washington, 12 Mar. 1862, Chandler Papers, DLC.
147. Fessenden to Elizabeth Warriner, Washington, 15 Mar. 1862, Fessenden Papers, Bowdoin College.
148. New York Herald, 18 Mar. 1862.
149. Washington
correspondence by Van [D. W. Bartlett], 12 Mar., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 14 Mar. 1862.
150. Thomas Ewing to Lincoln, Lancaster, Ohio, 9 Apr. 1862, AL MSS DLC.
151. Washington correspondence by Van [D. W. Bartlett], 11 Mar., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 15 Mar. 1862.
152. George W. Julian in Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Lincoln, 53.
153. Hitchcock diary, entry for 15 Mar. 1862, copy, William A. Croffut Papers, DLC.
154. John A. Dahlgren diary, copy, Nicolay Papers, DLC (entry for 9 Mar. 1862).
155. Meigs to his father, Washington, 9 Mar. 1862, Meigs Papers, DLC.
156. Benjamin P. Thomas and Harold M. Hyman, Stanton: The Life and Times of Lincoln’s Secretary of War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962), 181.
157. Howard K. Beale and Alan W. Brownsword, eds., Diary of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy under Lincoln and Johnson [hereafter Welles Diary] (3 vols.; New York: W. W. Norton, 1960), 1:67.
158. Cornelius S. Bushnell to Welles, n.p., n.d. [received 16 Mar. 1877], Welles Papers, CSmH.
159. Letter by Henry A. Wise, published in the Boston Daily Advertiser, n.d, copied in the Boston Journal, 20 Mar. 1862; Worden’s narrative, Worden Papers, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee; Washington correspondence, 10, 11 Mar., New York Tribune, 11, 12 Mar. 1862; Washington correspondence, 10, 11 Mar., New York Tribune, 10 Mar., Philadelphia Inquirer, 11 Mar. 1862.
160. William F. Keeler to his wife Anna, aboard the Monitor, 7 May 1862, Robert W. Daly, ed., Aboard the USS Monitor, 1862: The Letters of Acting Paymaster William Frederick Keeler, U.S. Navy, to His Wife, Anna (Annapolis: U.S. Naval Institute, 1964), 106–107.
161. McClellan to S. L. M. Barlow, Washington, 16 Mar. 1862, Sears, ed., McClellan Papers, 213.
162. Pease and Randall, eds., Browning Diary, 1:537–538 (entry for 2 Apr. 1862).
163. Johnston to Lee, Lee’s Farm, 22 Apr. 1862, OR, I, 11, 3:456.
164. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 1:124 (entry for 12 Sept. 1862).
165. McClellan to his wife, near Yorktown, 6 Apr. 1862, Sears, ed., McClellan Papers, 230.
166. McClellan to Lincoln, near Yorktown, 5 Apr. 1862, AL MSS DLC.
167. McClellan to his wife, before Yorktown, 11 Apr. 1862, Sears, ed., McClellan Papers, 235.
Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volume 2 Page 163