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ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Andrew Collins is a historical writer and explorer living in the United Kingdom. He is the author of more than a dozen books that challenge the way we perceive the past. They include From the Ashes of Angels (1996), which establishes that the Watchers of the book of Enoch and the Anunnaki of the Sumerian texts are the memory of a shamanic elite that catalyzed the Neolithic revolution in the Near East at the end of the last ice age; Gateway to Atlantis (2000), which pins down the source of Plato’s Atlantis to the Caribbean island of Cuba and the Bahamian archipelago; Tutankhamun: The Exodus Conspiracy (coauthored with Chris Ogilvie Herald, 2002), which reveals the truth behind the discovery of Tutankhamun’s famous tomb; and The Cygnus Mystery (2007), which shows that the constellation of Cygnus has been universally venerated as the place of first creation and the entrance to the sky world since Paleolithic times.
In 2008 Andrew and colleague Nigel Skinner Simpson discovered a previously unrecorded cave complex beneath the pyramids of Giza, which has brought him worldwide acclaim. It is a story told in his book Beneath the Pyramids (2009).
For more information, go to www.andrewcollins.com.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Collins, Andrew, 1957–
Göbekli Tepe: genesis of the gods : the Temple of the Watchers and the discovery of Eden / Andrew Collins.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
print ISBN: 978-1-59143-142-8
ebook ISBN: 978-1-59143-835-9
1. Göbekli Tepe Site (Turkey) 2. Excavations (Archaeology)—Turkey—Sanliurfa Region. 3. Neolithic period—Turkey—Sanliurfa Region. 4. Sanliurfa Region (Turkey)— Antiquities. 5. Sacred space—Turkey—Sanliurfa Region. 6. Eden. 7. Legends—Turkey— Sanliurfa Region. 8. Sanliurfa Region (Turkey)—Description and travel. I. Title. II. Title: Göbekli Tepe.
DS156.G59C65 2014
939.4'2—dc23
2013046261
To send correspondence to the author of this book, mail a first-class letter to the author c/o Inner Traditions r Bear & Company, One Park Street, Rochester, VT 05767, and we will forward the communication, or contact the author directly at www.andrewcollins.com.
To Those Who Struggle for Freedom,
In the Garden of Eden,
Past and Present
And to the memory of
Filip Coppens
(1971–2012)
and
Colin Wilson
(1931–2013)
Friends and Genuine Seekers of the Truth
INDEX
All page numbers refer to the print edition of this title.
Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations.
Abraham, 11, 55, 230
Abu Hureyra, Syria, 153–59
Abus Mons (Mount Abus), 246–47, 248
Adam
burial site, 322
creation of, 352
death of, 305–6, 307, 309, 352
secrets of, 324, 326–27, 334, 336, 339–40
Adam and Eve
expulsion from Paradise, 226, 228, 305,
322–23, 369, Plate 26
loss of innocence, 368–69
spiritual bodies before the Fall, 335
Tree of Life and, 239
agriculture, 21, 39–40, 154–55
Alcor (Fox Star), 127–31, 128, 150
Alcor (Wolf Star), 132–34, 150
Alevi faith, 257–58, 357, 371
Alexander the Great, 252–53, 254, 284,
285–86, 325, 327, 359
Al-Khidr (Hizir), the “Green One,” 252–
53, 254, 257–58
Allerod interglacial, 158
Allerod interstadial, 35, 153–54, 171
Allerod-Younger Dryas boundary, 159
Altair (star), 70
angels
angelic nature of humankind, 334–35
Collins’ interest in, 9–10
fallen, 274, 275–77
See also Watchers
Anunnaki
birthplace and abode of, 6, 259–61
in Kharsag, 266–67
name of, 291
Watchers and, 278
See also Watchers
Apocalypse of Adam, 326
Araxes River (Gihon river), 230–32, 329
Armageddon
fear of, 13–14
prophesized in the Eddas, 136
Scandinavian story of, 146
See also Prose Edda
Armen (Watcher’s name), 282
Aşıklı Höyük, 360, 369–70
Astronomical Tower, 10, 12, 14
Atlantis, 135, 168
aviform signs, 185, 186
axis mundi, 63–64, 67, 148, 208–9
Babylonian Map of the World, 287–88, 289
Babylonians, 93–94
Banning, Ted, 44
Baty, John, 280–81, 282
bdolach, 228, 233
bedouin catastrophe myth, 163–64
beer production, 36, 37
Beila’s comet, 138, 139
belt buckle glyph, 120–23, 125
Benedict, Peter, 19
Big Dipper, 127, 128, 149
Bingöl Mountain
Abus Mons (Mount Abus) as, 247–48
Collin’s visit to, 355–61
described, 195, 355–56, Plate 31
Fountain of Life at, 252–54
Göbekli Tepe’s connection with, 196
rivers of Paradise and, 252
Swiderians living on, 202
as Watchers’ abode, 290–91
as Wolf Stone Mountain, 204–5
birds
crows and ravens, 36
cult of, 185–87
flightless, 46–47, 56, Plate 16
role of carrions, 37, 38
totemism, 185, 186
See also vultures
birth chamber, 110–11
black dog, 149
“black mat,” 157, 171
Bogomils, 370–71
Bradley, Bruce, 181
Braidwood, Robert J., 19
Bright, Jonathan, 273, 290
British heraldry device, 123, 124
Brünn peoples, 180–83, 293
Brünn skull, 175–76
bucranium (bull calf), 30, 55, 57, 108–10, 197
Bundahishn (Zoroastrian text), 151–52, 157, 203
burial practices, 96, 201–2
Cain and Abel, 305, 339
Calvin, John, 240
Çambel, Halet, 19
Campbell, Stuart, 294–95
carved art
animals on T-shaped pillars, 41–42
clockwise (sunwise) movement of, 61
fox as, 119–20
head of predator, Plate 22
human statute, Plate 23
stone friezes of the Solutreans, 183–84
wolves as, 212–13
Carver, Marmaduke, 241–48, 286, 319, 320–22
Çatal Höyük
cult shrines of, 76
dead portrayed by, 96
death and rebirth at, 98
excarnation at, 97
stalagmites and stalactites found in, 76
catastrophe myths
bedouin, 160–63
Bundahishn (Zoroastrian text), 151–52, 157, 203
importance of, 135–36
Nordic folklore, 146–49
Teutonic mythology, 150–51
See also Prose Edda
catastrophic events
aftermath in Europe, 168
Eddas’ recordings of, 136
fear of, 5–6, 144–45, 163–64
overview, 4–5
during Younger Dryas (mini ice age), 162–63
Younger Dryas impact event, 156–59, 161, 162
Cauvin, Jacques, 55–56
cave art
ice age, 68–76
Lascaux Shaft Scene, 69–71, 94, 185, 187
Venus and the Sorcerer, 71–76, 108
Cave of Treasures, 330, 331–32, 338, 353
Çayönü Tepesi
alignment of, 83, 84
excavating, 19–21
human blood at, 20–21
Skull Building, 20
Terrazzo Building, 20
cedar forests, 256, 268
center of the world, 63–64
C glyph, 50, 52, 53, 54
Charaxio, 327–28, 329, 334
Chauvet Cave, France, 71–72, 73
Childe, V. Gordon, 39, 182
Chin people, 298–99
Christie, Agatha, 293–94
Clovis culture, 158–59, 180
Clow, Barbara Hand, 6, 162
Collins, Andrew
Dera Sor (“Red Church”) visit, 342–54
dream of Yeghrdut monastery, 224–25, 302
Göbekli Tepe visit, 362–66
with Klaus Schmidt, Plate 19
visit to Bingöl Mountain, 355–61
visit to Turkey, 340–41, 342–54
Yeghrdut monastery visit, 340–41
comets
Alcor (Fox Star) and, 128–29
bringing destruction to the world, 136, 143
dog, fox, and lion tails as, 124–25
Donnelly’s theories on, 135
fear of, 124, 126
predicting, 125–26
three-tailed, 120–22
types of, 139, 140
See also catastrophe myths; Younger
Dryas Boundary impact event
constellations, twelve, 61–62
cosmic birth, 108–11
cosmic order, preserving, 5–6
cosmic trickster
causing the death of the world, 213
as enemy of Big Dipper, 128
as enemy of sky pole, 131, 145
fox as, 128, 131, 144–45
wolf and hound as, 144–45
Crabtree, Don, 192
crescent symbol, 55, 56
Cro-Magnon skull, 176
Cross Bands glyph, 90, 91
Cross of Calvary, 309–10, 348–49
crow-flint fire, 193
crows and ravens, 36
Cuinet, Vital-Casimir, 313
cup marks, 36, 37, 38
Cush, land of, 230, 232
Cygnus constellation
bucranium (bull calf), 108–10
as celestial bird, 70, 71, 81–82, 95
celestial pole shifts away from, 95
Deneb (Pole Star) as brightest star in, 81–82
as “falling vulture,” 98, 102–4
Saint Martin as guiding intelligence of, 133
cylinder, Nippur foundation, 261–62, 266–67
Czaplicka, Maria, 207–8
Dacians, 150, 188
Deneb (Pole Star)
alignment toward, 83–84, 85–86
alignment with opening of Great Rift, 107–8
as brightest star in constellation Cygnus, 81–82
as entrance to sky world, 89
as Pole Star, 70, 71
as star portal, 92
veneration of, 94, 95
Dera Sor (“Red Church”)
Collin’s visit to, 342–54
community of, 344–45
holy tree and sacred spring of, 315–16, 345–47
online forum research, 314–15
ruins of, 311–13, 349–51, Plate 28, Plate 29
as Yeghrdut monastery, 316–17
See also Yeghrdut monastery
Devil, 129–30, 133
Dietrich, B. C., 76
Dilmli Kurds, 257
Dilmun, 256, 257, 270, 291, Plate 33
divination, cup marks for, 36, 37, 38
dodos (flightless birds), 46–47, 56, Plate 16
dogs/dog tails, 124–25, 149–50
dolmens, 87–88, 112
Donnelly, Ignatius, 135, 144. See also Prose Ed
da
dragons, 149–50, 161–62
dromos, 44
Duku mound, 6, 259–61, 266, 269
Eagle on the World Tree, 347–48
Eddas, 136. See also Prose Edda
Egypt, 3, 299–300
El (god), abode of, 284, 287, 327, 354
Eliade, Mircea, 188
elite ritual center, 296–97
Emmerich, Roland, 144
Enclosure A (Snake Pillar Building),
29–32, 45, Plate 4
Enclosure B, 32–33, 45, Plate 5, Plate 6
Enclosure C
described, 33–34, 42–43, Plate 7
double ring of stones, 43–44
dromos (entranceway), 44–45
Lion’s Gate, 44, Plate 8
Pillar 27, 43, 55
Pillar 37, 42, Plate 9
plan of, 45
sighting stone, 86
Enclosure D
described, 34, 45–46, Plate 2
glyphs and ideograms, 50–57
holed sighting stones, 85–86, 105–6, 109, Plate 15
Pillar 18, 46–47, 50, 51, 56, 120, Plate
11, Plate 13, Plate 16
Pillar 31, 55–57, Plate 12
plan of, 45
twin pillars, Plate 14
Vulture Stone (Pillar 43), 98–101, 102–4
Enclosure E (“rock temple”), 43, Plate 3
Enclosure F, Plate 21
Enclosures
alignment of, 83–84
burial of, 34
date of construction, 82–83, 85
elliptical shape of, 64–65
number of T-shaped pillars at, 60–61
plan of, 45
sighting stone, 85–86
twelvefold division of, 62–63
yet to be discovered, 49
See also Göbekli Tepe; twin pillars; specific Enclosures
Enki, cult of, 254–56
Enoch
meeting with two Watchers, 15, 298
in Paradise, 286, 335
translated to Paradise, 333
Enoch, book of, 7, 12–13, 273–74, 275,
279–80, 282, 283–84, 297, 335
Enoch, city of, 297–98
Euphrates river (Phrat), 229, 230
Eve, giver of life, 271–72
excarnation, 96–98
eye symbol, 55, 56
farming, transition to, 2, 21, 154–55
Fenris Wolf, 137–38, 141–42, 146–47, 149, 152
fig-mulberry tree, 19, 29, Plate 1
Fimbul-winter, 142–43
Finno-Ugric language, 211–12
Finno-Ugric peoples, 174–75
Firestone, Richard, 163
fish farm, 359–60
Forbes, Robert James, 232, 233
Gobekli Tepe Page 44