by Peter Nowak
29Ibid., p. 284.
30Ibid., p. 283.
31Space.com, “Russia opens space tech transfer office,” July 6, 2000, www.space.com/businesstechnology/technology/russian_technology_ 000706.html.
32Cohon, George, with Macfarlane, David, To Russia with Fries, Toronto, McClelland & Stewart Inc., 1997, p. 176.
33Love, Behind the Golden Arches, p. 439.
34Cohon and Macfarlane, To Russia with Fries, p. 178.
35Author’s interview with Shoichi Tachibana, April 2009.
36Author’s interview with Amrinder Singh Bawa, April 2009.
37The Daily Telegraph, “Giant space vegetables ‘could feed the world,’” May 12, 2008, www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1949129/Giant-space-vegetables-could-feed-the-world.html.
38The Hindu Business Line, “McDonald’s growth in India hit by poor infrastructure,” Aug. 15, 2004, www.thehindubusinessline.com/ bline/2004/08/16/stories/2004081600510500.htm. The 2009 figures were taken from the respective corporate websites.
6 The Naked Eye Goes Electronic
1Flynt, Larry, Sex, Lies and Politics: The Naked Truth, New York, Kensington Books, 2004. Reprinted by arrangement with Kensington Publishing Corp., www.kensingtonbooks.com. All rights reserved.
2Author’s interview with Lena Sjööblom, Feb. 2008.
3Watts, Mr. Playboy, p. 209.
4Playboy, “Swedish Accent,” Nov. 1972.
5Signal & Imaging Processing Institute history,http://sipi.usc.edu.
6From an estimate made by Jeff Seideman during an interview in Feb. 2008.
7Author’s interview with Alexander Sawchuk, Feb. 2008.
8According to W. Scott Johnston, now a program manager for Raytheon. Johnston originally scanned the photo.
9IEEE Personal Communication Society Newsletter, “Culture, communication and an information age Madonna,” May/June 2001.
10Author’s interview with Jeff Seideman, Feb. 2008.
11Optical Engineering, “Editorial,” Jan. 1992.
12Author’s interview with David Munson, Feb. 2008.
13Author’s interview with Kevin Craig, May 2009.
14Details taken of the IS&T convention appearance are taken from The Journal of the Photographic Historical Society of New England, issue 1, 1999, andthe interview with Jeff Seideman.
15Eastman Kodak corporate history, www.kodak.com.
16PluggedIn Kodak corporate blog, “We had no idea,” Oct. 16, 2007,http://stevesasson.pluggedin.kodak.com/ default.asp?item=687843.
17Autor’s interview with Steven Sasson, Dec. 2009.
18The Worldwide Community of Imaging Associations, 2001–2002 PMA Industry Trends Report International Markets.
19CNET News, “Cheaper DLSRs to drive digital camera sales,” Aug. 13, 2007,http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-9759018-7.html.
20National Reconnaissance Project, www.nro.gov/corona/facts.html.
21Kroc, Ray, Grinding It Out: The Making of McDonald’s, New York, St. Martin’s Paperbacks, 1987, p. 6.
22Schlosser, Fast Food Nation, p. 66.
23NASA’s Land Remote Sensing Policy,http://geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge/ landsat/15USCch82.html.
24Author’s interview with John Hanke, Feb. 2009.
25The New York Times, “The Stock? Whatever. Google Keeps on Innovating,” Oct. 31, 2004.
26The New York Times, “Google Offers a Bird’s-Eye View, and Some Governments Tremble,” Dec. 20, 2005.
27Broadcasting and Cable Yearbook 1995, New Providence, New Jersey, 1995, p. xxi.
28The Economist, “An Adult Affair,” Jan. 4, 1997.
29Los Angeles Times, “Porn quietly becoming pay-TV gold mine,” July 6, 2000.
30The New York Times, “Videotapes for Homes,” June 13, 1979.
31Ibid.
32The New York Times, “Sex Films Find Big Market in Home Video,” April 5, 1979.
33Icon: Journal of the International Committee for the History of Technology, volume 4, 1998, p. 105.
34The New York Times, “Sex Films Find Big Market in Home Video,” April 5, 1979.
35Lane, Obscene Profits, p. 51.
36The New York Times, “Company News: Sony, in a Shift, to Make VHS Units,” Jan. 12, 1988.
37The New York Times, “U.S. Move in Video Cameras,” Jan. 5, 1984.
38Forbes, Sept. 18, 1978.
39From a Nov. 29, 2002, radio transcript on www.onthemedia.org.
40Video Review, March 1984.
41The New York Times, “Camcorder, CD Sales May Double in 1986,” June 2, 1986.
42Department of Justice, Attorney General’s Commission on Pornography: Final Report, two volumes, Washington, 1986.
43Ibid.
44New Society, Sept. 18, 1987.
45The New York Times, “Justices Uphold Businesses’ Right to Sell Phone Sex,” June 24, 1989.
46The Economist, “Heavy breathing,” July 30, 1994.
47The Washington Post, “Money flows into poor countries on X-rated phone lines,” Sept. 23, 1996.
48Family Safe Media pornography statistics, www.familysafemedia.com/ pornography_statistics.
49India Weekly Telecom Newsletter, “Teledensity growing in double digits,” April 2006.
50China Daily, “Ninety-seven phone sex lines closed in China,” Jan. 8, 2005.
51Adult Video News, “Report: Adult mobile market still growing,” May 6, 2009,http://business.avn.com/articles/35226.html.
52Author’s interview with Michael Klein, Jan. 2009.
53Author’s interview with Kim Kysar, March 2009.
7 The Internet: Military Made, Porn Perfected
1The Dallas Morning News, “Unlikely innovators: Many online technologies were first perfected by the adult industry,” April 26, 2001.
2Author’s interview with Tera Patrick, March 2009.
3Friedman, Thomas L., The World Is Flat, New York, Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2005.
4Hafner, Katie, Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1998, p. 20.
5From a speech at DARPAtech by Tony Tether on Aug. 7, 2007.
6From a report given by Tony Tether to the House of Representatives’ subcommittee on terrorism, Mar. 13, 2008.
7Author’s interview with Vint Cerf, Feb. 2009.
8He was also officially made a vice-president.
9Bidgoli, Hossein, The Internet Encyclopedia, Hoboken, New Jersey, Wiley & Sons, 2001, p. 118.
10Icon: Journal of the International Committee for the History of Technology, volume 4, 1998, p. 110.
11The Dallas Morning News, “Unlikely innovators,” April 26, 2001.
12The Daily Telegraph, “Three loud cheers for the father of the web,” Jan. 28, 2005.
13Publishing Executive, “Integrated publishing ad sales strategies that work,” Feb. 9, 2007.
14Coopersmith, “Pornography, Technology and Progress,” p. 110.
15Ibid., p. 111.
16The New York Times, “Digital ‘watermarks’ assert internet copyright,” June 30, 1997.
17CNET News, “Playboy wins Net copyright suit,” April 2, 1998, http:// news.cnet.com/Playboy-wins-Net-copyright-suit/2100-1023_3-209775.html.
18Coopersmith, “Pornography, Technology and Progress,” p. 113.
19Author’s interview with Steve Orenstein, March 2009.
20The interview took place in April 2009.
21Author’s interview with Paul Benoit, March 2009.
22Author’s interview with Jack Dowland, April 2009.
23ZDNet, “Naughton looks set to escape prison,” http://news.zdnet. co.uk/emergingtech/0,1000000183,2080719,00.htm.
24Techcrunch, “Internet pornography stats,” May 12, 2007, www. techcrunch.com/2007/05/12/internet-pornography-stats.
25Coopersmith, “Pornography, Technology and Progress,” p. 113.
26Ibid., p. 112.
27The Independent, “Danni Ashe: Danni’s drive to Net profits,” Aug. 6, 2001.
28The Dallas Morning News, “Unlikely innovators,
” April 26, 2001.
29Ibid.
30VUNet.com, “ISPs get an eyeful of porn bonanza,” Sept. 10, 2001.
31BBC News, “Porn and music drive broadband,” May 20, 2003,http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/2947966.stm.
32VUNet.com, “ISPs get an eyeful of porn bonanza.”
33The $3 billion amount comes from a TechCrunch estimate for 2006, www.techcrunch.com/2007/05/12/internet-pornography-stats. The $5 billion global number comes from the Internet Filter Review, http://internet-filter-review.toptenreviews.com/internet-pornography-statistics.html.
34Adult Video News, “Analysis: Porn cheaper than ever online,” April 21, 2009,http://business.avn.com/articles/printable/35077.html.
35Techcrunch, “Internet pornography stats,” May 12, 2007, www. techcrunch.com/2007/05/12/internet-pornography-stats.
36Adult Video News, “Analysis: Porn cheaper than ever online.”
37Wired, “Turns out porn isn’t recession proof,” http://blog.wired.com/ business/2008/07/turns-out-por-1.html.
38Author’s interview with Samantha Lewis, April 2009.
39Author’s interview with Kim Kysar, March 2009,
40Author’s interview with Michael Klein, Jan. 2009.
41Boston.com, Nov. 5, 2006, “Miles away, ‘I’ll have a burger,’” www.boston. com/business/globe/articles/2006/11/05/miles_away_ill_have_a_ burger.
42Customer Management Insight, “McDonald’s, cell centers and Joe Fleischer,” April 11, 2006, www.callcentermagazine.com/blog/ archives/2006/04/mcdonalds_call.html.
43The New York Times, “The long-distance journey of a fast-food order,” April 11, 2006, www.nytimes.com/2006/04/11/technology/11fast.html.
8 Seeds of Conflict
1From his 1949 Nobel lecture,http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/ laureates/1949/orr-lecture.html.
2CNN.com, “President George W. Bush’s address on stem cell research,” Aug. 11, 2001,http://edition.cnn.com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/08/09/ bush.transcript/index.html.
3Wilmut, Ian and Highfield, Roger, After Dolly: The Promise and Perils of Human Cloning, New York, W.W. Norton & Company Ltd., 2006, p. 186.
4MSNBC.com, “Bush administration in hot seat over warming,” Jan. 30, 2007, www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16886008.
5The New York Times, “The science of denial,” June 4, 2008.
6United Nations wire, “U.S. mulls action against Europe,” Jan. 10, 2003, www.unwire.org/unwire/20030110/31347_story.asp.
7The Independent, “George Bush: Europe must accept GM food,” May 23, 2003, www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/george-bush-europe-must-accept-gm-food-590957.html.
8Weasel, Food Fray, p. 61.
9Ibid., pp. 61–62.
10Ibid., p. 62.
11Nobel lecture by Norman Borlaug, “The Green Revolution, peace and humanity,” Dec. 11, 1970, http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/ laureates/1970/borlaug-lecture.html.
12National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit, www.cjd.ed.ac. uk/index.htm.
13Daily Mail, “Questions about genetically modified organisms,” June 1, 1999.
14The Wall Street Journal, “McDonald’s, other fast-food chains pull Monsanto’s bio-engineered potato,” April 28, 2000.
15Reuters, “Eli Lilly and Company to acquire Monsanto’s Posilac brand dairy product and related business,” Aug. 20, 2008, www.reuters.com/ article/pressRelease/idUS127863+20-Aug-2008+PRN20080820.
16Weasel, Food Fray, p. 6.
17Statistics are from the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2008.
18Center for Food Safety statistics.
19Reuters,”MonsantosuesGermanyoverGMOmaizeban,”April21,2009, www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSLL62523620090421.
20The Daily Telegraph, “Prince Charles warns GM crops risk causing the biggest-ever environmental disaster,” Nov. 10, 2008.
21Singer, Wired for War, p. 283.
22Singer, P.W., Children at War, Los Angeles, University of California Press, 2006, p. 39.
23A 2009 estimate by the Institute of Food Technologists.
24Wired, “The future of food,” Nov. 2008.
25Living History Farm, “The Green Revolution,” www.livinghistoryfarm. org/farminginthe50s/crops_13.html.
26Woodward, Billy, Shurkin, Joel and Gordon, Debra, Scientists Greater Than Einstein: The Biggest Lifesavers of the Twentieth Century, Fresno, California,Linden Publishing, 2009, chapter 5.
27From the Monsanto website, www.monsanto.com.
28Author’s interview with Peter Singer, May 2009.
29Singer, Children at War, pp. 39–40.
30Ibid., p. 45.
31Ibid., p. 63.
32Ibid.
33Author’s interview with Graeme Smith, May 2009.
34USA Today, “Root out seeds of terrorism in sub-Saharan countries,” April 14,2003,www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/columnist/wickham/2003-04-14-wickham_x.htm.
35The New York Times, “War in the Gulf: The troops—blacks wary of their big role as troops,” Jan. 25, 1991.
36The New York Times, “‘Counter-recruiter’ seeks to block students’ data from the military,” Oct. 23, 2008.
37Author’s interview with Eric Darier, May 2009.
38Weasel, Food Fray, p. 68.
39Ibid., p. 69.
40Author’s interview with Bruce Cranny, May 2009.
41Weasel, Food Fray, p. 79.
9 Fully Functional Robots
1The Economist, “Trust me, I’m a robot,” June 8, 2006, www.economist. com/sciencetechnology/tq/displaystory.cfm?story_id=7001829.
2Author’s interview with Bakhtiar Litkouhi, GM’s manager of vehicle control systems, Jan. 2008.
3The 2008 estimate and $21.4 billion projection comes from a report by Electronics.ca Publications, “Global robotics market to reach $21.4 billion in 2014,” April 23, 2009, at www.pcb007.com/ pages/zone.cgi?a=49647. The $100 billion projection comes from Robotics TCMNet, “S. Korean gov’t aims to turn robot industry into global leader,” April 17, 2008, http://robotics.tmcnet.com/ news/2009/04/17/4137987.htm.
4Scientific American, “A robot in every home,” Jan. 2007, www.sciam.com/ article.cfm?id=a-robot-in-every-home.
5Comments are from a speech at the RoboBusiness conference in Boston, April 2009.
6Author’s interview with Colin Angle, April 2008.
7From full-year 2008 company earnings.
8Author’s interview with Kevin Fahey, April 2008.
9DARPA press release, “DARPA plans grand challenge for robotic ground vehicles,” Jan. 2, 2003, www.darpa.mil/grandchallenge04/ media_news.htm.
10Ibid.
11Singer, Wired for War, p. 137.
12The Washington Post, “The Army’s $200 billion makeover,” Dec. 7, 2007, www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/06/ AR2007120602836.html?sid=ST2007120602927.
13CBCNews.ca, “U.S. Army praises robot makers for help in wars,” April 8, 2008, www.cbc.ca/news/story/2008/04/08/tech-robo-show.html.
14Singer, Wired for War, p. 78.
15Author’s interview with Takayuki Toriyama, April 2009.
16Singer, Wired for War, p. 241.
17The Daily Telegraph, “Cyberlover flits its way to internet fraud,” Dec. 11, 2007, www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1572077/Cyberlover-flirts-its-way-to-internet-fraud.html.
18Rough Type, “Slutbot aces Turing test,” Dec. 8, 2007, www.roughtype. com/archives/2007/12/slutbot_passes.php.
19Hacker News, Dec. 9, 2007, http://news.ycombinator.com/ item?id=87426.
20Author’s interview with Dean Turner, March 2009.
21It typically ranks in the high 500s on Alexa.com.
22Author’s interview with Scott Coffman, March 2009.
23From the Real Doll website, www.realdoll.com. Real Doll sales figures come from Levy, David, Love + Sex with Robots: The Evolution of Human-Robot Relationships, New York, HarperCollins, 2007, p. 244.
24Levy,
Love + Sex with Robots, p. 175.
25Japan Today, “Plastic fantastic: Japan’s doll industry booming,” May 19, 2008.
26Author’s interview with Le Trung, March 2009.
27Levy, Love + Sex with Robots, p. 215.
28Author’s interview with Douglas Hines, Dec. 2009.
29Author’s interview with R. Craig Coulter, April 2008.
30CNET News, “HyperActive Bob gets fries to go,” Mar. 27, 2007, http:// news.cnet.co.uk/gadgets/0,39029672,49288771,00.htm.
31Author’s interview with David Rogers, senior director of business integration for McDonald’s Canada, April 2008.
32Robotics Business Review, March/April 2009 issue, pp. 30–31.
33The Reuters news video can be found on my blog at www. bombsboobsburgers.net/2009/05/pizza-making-robots-no-boogers. html
10 Operation Desert Lab
1Wilder, Thornton, The Skin of Our Teeth, New York, Samuel French, 1942, p. 117. Copyright © 1942 The Wilder Family LLC. Reprinted by arrangement with The Wilder Family LLC and the Barbara Hogenson Agency.
2Singer, Wired for War, p. 310.
3The Associated Press, “Video shows direct hit by smart bomb,” Jan. 19, 1991.
4New Scientist, “US gambles on a ‘smart’ war in Iraq,” Mar. 19, 2003, www. newscientist.com/article/dn3518-us-gambles-on-a-smart-war-in-iraq.html.
5Global Security, “Night vision goggles,” www.globalsecurity.org/military/ systems/ground/nvg.htm.
6The Gazette (Colorado Springs), “Military learns from Gulf War glitches, updates space technology,” Jan. 27, 2001, www.globalsecurity.org/org/ news/2001/010127-space2.htm.
7White House Office of the Press Secretary, “Statement by the President regarding the United States’ decision to stop degrading Global Position System accuracy,” May 1, 2000, http://clinton4.nara.gov/WH/EOP/ OSTP/html/0053_2.html.
8Garmin 2008 annual report.
9Marketresearch.com, “World GPS market forecast to 2013,” www. marketresearch.com/product/display.asp?productid=2215740.
10Singer, Wired for War, p. 58.
11Chronology of Microsoft Windows Operating Systems, www.islandnet. com/~kpolsson/windows/win1990.htm.
12Singer, Wired for War, p. 58.
13CBC News, “Honda unveils wearable walking device,” www.cbc.ca/ world/story/2008/11/07/walk-assist.html.
14Raytheon press release, www.raytheon.com/newsroom/technology/ rtn08_exoskeleton.