by Confucius
1.7, 2.8, 3.8, 6.13, 11.3, 11.16, 12.5, 12.22, 13.17, 19.3–19.13
Ziyou (Yan You ; Yan Yan )
2.7, 4.26, 6.14, 11.3, 17.4, 19.12, 19.14, 19.15
Zizhang (Zhuansun Shi )
2.18, 2.23, 5.19, 11.16, 11.18, 11.20, 12.6, 12.10, 12.14, 12.20, 14.40, 15.6, 15.42, 17.6, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.15, 19.16, 20.2
Appendix 1B
HISTORICAL FIGURES
The list includes only the major figures that appear in the Analects; in most cases, the words and actions of these individuals are also found in the records of China’s early history. The names of all other historical figures mentioned may be found in the Index.
Bi Xi
17.7
Bo Yi and Shu Qi
5.23, 7.15, 16.12, 18.8
Boyu (Kong Li )
11.8, 16.13, 17.10
Chen Chengzi (Chen Heng )
14.21
Chen Wenzi
5.19
Cuizi 崔子 (Cui Zhu )
5.19
Duke Ai of Lu
2.19, 3.21, 6.3, 12.9, 14.21
Duke Ding of Lu
3.19, 13.15
Duke Huan of Qi
14.15–14.17
Duke Jing of Qi
12.11, 16.12, 18.3
Duke Ling of Wei
14.19, 15.1
Duke of Lu (Bo Qin )
18.10
Duke of Zhou
7.5, 8.11, 11.17, 18.10
Duke Wen of Jin
14.15
Duke Zhao of Lu
7.31
Gao Yao
12.22
Gongshan Furao (Gongshan Buniu )
17.5
Governor of She
7.19, 13.16, 13.18
Grand Musician Zhi
3.23, 8.15, 18.9
Guan Zhong
3.22, 14.9, 14.16, 14.17
Huan Tui
7.23; see also my commentary to 12.3
Ji Huanzi
18.4
Ji Kangzi
2.20, 6.8, 10.16, 11.7, 12.17, 12.18, 12.19, 14.19
Ji Wenzi
5.20
Jie Yu (Madman of Chu)
18.5
King Tang
12.22, 20.1A
King Wen
9.5, 19.22; see also my commentaries to 7.5, 8.1, 10.13, 17.5
King Wu
8.20, 19.22, 20.1A; see also my commentaries to 3.25, 7.5, 8.1, 8.20, 10.13, 17.5
King Zhou of Shang
19.20
Kong Wenzi (Kong Yu )
5.15
Lin Fang
3.4, 3.6
Liuxia Hui
15.14, 18.2, 18.8
Master Musician Mian
15.42
Meng Gongchuo
14.11, 14.12
Meng Yizi
2.5
Nanzi
6.28
Old Peng (Lao Peng )
7.1
Pi Chen
14.8
Priest Tuo
6.16, 14.19
Prince Jing of Wei
13.8
Prince Jiu
14.16, 14.17
Prince Zha (Ji Zha )
See my commentary to 13.5
Qu Boyu
14.25, 15.7
Shao Hu
14.16
Shi Shu
14.8
Shun
6.30, 8.18, 8.20, 12.22, 14.42, 15.5, 20.1A; see also my commentary to 3.25
Sima Niu
12.3–12.5
Tai Bo
8.1
Upright Gong (Zhigong )
13.18
Wangsun Jia
3.13, 14.19
Yang Huo (Yang Hu )
17.1
Yao
6.30, 8.19, 8.20, 14.42, 20.1A
Yi Yin
12.22
Yu
8.18, 8.21, 20.1A
Zang Wenzhong
5.18, 15.14
Zang Wuzhong
14.12, 14.14
Zichan (Gongsun Qiao )
5.16, 14.8, 14.9
Ziwen
5.19
Ziyu
14.8
Appendix 2A
CHINESE TERMS
Below is a find-list of key Chinese terms with variants of their translation. One should refer to the commentaries for their broader meanings. It is important to note that sometimes, instead of the Chinese term, a variant of its translation appears in the entry.
cai
talent, material (5.7, 8.20)
chi
shameful, having a sense of shame (1.13, 2.3, 13.20, 14.1)
dao
Way, way, moral way, path, road (4.8, 6.17, 6.27, 7.6, 8.13, 15.29, 15.32, 15.40, 17.14, 18.7, 19.2 19.4, 19.7, 19.22)
de
virtue, integrity, power, kindness (1.9, 2.1, 4.25, 6.29, 7.3, 7.6, 7.23, 8.20, 9.18, 12.10, 12.21, 14.4, 14.33, 14.34, 15.4, 15.13, 15.27, 17.13, 17.14, 19.2)
e
morally culpable, vile (4.4)
he
harmony (1.12, 13.23)
hui
to teach by way of imparting light (7.2, 7.7, 14.7)
jing
respect, respectful attitude, reverence (1.5, 13.19, 14.42, 15.6, 15.38, 19.1)
juan
overly cautious (13.21)
junzi
a gentleman (2.12, 2.13, 2.14, 4.10, 4.16, 5.3, 6.18, 6.26, 6.27, 7.26, 7.33, 8.6, 9.14, 11.21, 12.4, 12.5, 12.15, 12.16, 12.24, 13.23, 13.25, 13.26, 14.6, 14.23, 14.26, 14.27, 14.28, 14.42, 15.2, 15.7, 15.18, 15.19, 15.21, 15.22, 15.23, 15.34, 15.37, 16.8, 16.10, 16.13, 17.23, 17.24, 19.7, 19.9, 19.10, 19.12, 19.21, 19.25, 20.3); men in the ruling position, men born with hereditary status (1.8, 4.11, 12.19)
kuang
wildly spirited (5.22, 13.21, 17.16)
li
suitability, profit (9.1)
li
rites, ritual propriety (1.12, 1.13, 2.3, 2.5, 2.23, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.11, 3.12, 3.15, 3.17, 3.22, 3.26, 4.13, 6.27, 7.13, 8.2, 8.8, 9.3, 9.11, 11.26, 12.1, 12.2, 12.18, 13.4, 14.41, 15.18, 15.33, 16.13, 17.11, 20.3)
ming
destiny (6.10, 9.1, 12.5, 14.36, 20.3)
ning
glib (11.25, 14.32, 15.11, 16.4); skillful in speech (5.5, 6.16)
qi
vessel, implement (2.12, 5.4)
quan
exercising moral discretion (9.30)
ren
humane, humaneness (1.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 5.5, 5.8, 5.19, 6.7, 6.22, 6.30, 7.6, 7.34, 8.2, 8.7, 9.1, 9.29, 12.2, 12.3, 12.22, 12.24, 13.12, 13.19, 13.27, 14.1, 14.4, 14.5, 14.16, 14.28, 15.8, 15.10, 15.33, 15.35, 15.36, 17.1, 17.6, 17.8, 17.17, 18.1, 19.6, 19.16); character (4.7)
ru
ritual specialists and professional men with textual knowledge (6.13). Confucius was a ru. Later the term refers to his followers and ideas associated with him.
shan
goodness (16.11)
shanren
a good man (7.26, 11.20, 13.11, 13.29)
sheng
sage (6.30, 7.26, 7.34, 9.6, 16.8, 19.12)
shengui
gods and spirits (7.21, 8.21, 11.12)
shi
odes, poems, poetry (1.15, 2.2, 3.2, 3.8, 3.20, 8.8, 8.15, 13.5, 16.13, 17.9, 17.10)
shi
a man of education and professional aspiration, a man good enough to be in government, a common gentleman (4.9, 8.7, 12.20, 13.20, 13.28, 14.2, 15.10, 19.1)
shi
timely, timeliness (1.1, 10.27)
shu
treating others with and awareness that they, too, are alive with humanity; putting oneself in the other person’s place (4.15, 15.24)
si
to think (2.15, 9.31, 15.31)
tian
heaven meaning nature (8.19, 17.19);
Heaven meaning the supreme moral force and that which decides human destiny (3.24, 5.13, 6.28, 7.23, 9.5, 9.6, 9.12, 11.9, 12.5, 14.35, 20.1);
heaven meaning the sky (19.25)
tian
ming
what Heaven decreed, what Heaven intended (2.4, 16.8)
wen
culture, cultural refinement, literature, written works (1.6, 3.14, 5.13, 5.15, 6.27, 7.1, 7.25, 8.19, 9.4, 9.11, 11.3, 12.18, 12.24)
xi
practice (1.1, 17.2)
xian
worthiness, worthy (14.31, 14.37)
xiao
filial, filiality (1.2, 1.6, 1.11, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 4.18, 4.20, 4.21, 8.3, 9.18)
xiaoren
a petty man (2.14, 4.16, 13.4, 13.25, 13.26, 14.6, 14.23, 15.2, 15.21, 15.34, 16.8, 17.23, 19.8); a commoner, common people (4.11, 12.19); a servant (17.25)
xin
trust, trustworthy (1.8, 1.13, 5.28, 7.25, 8.13, 9.25, 12.7, 12.10, 13.4, 15.6, 15.18, 17.8, 19.10)
xing
human nature (5.13, 7.2, 17.2)
xing
deed, action, conduct, to act (7.22, 7.25, 7.33, 11.3, 12.3, 12.22, 14.3, 14.27, 15.6, 18.8)
xue
learning, to learn, to study (1.1, 2.15, 5.28, 6.3, 7.2, 7.3, 8.12, 8.13, 8.17, 9.30, 11.7, 14.24, 15.3, 15.31, 15.32, 17.8, 19.5, 19.6, 19.7, 19.13)
yan
words, speech, to speak (4.22, 4.24, 5.25, 9.24, 11.3, 12.3, 14.3, 14.4, 14.20, 15.6, 15.8, 15.23, 17.19, 18.8, 20.3)
yi
what is right, rightness, fairness (1.13, 4.10, 6.22, 7.3, 12.10, 13.4, 15.17, 15.18, 16.10, 16.11, 17.23, 18.7, 19.1)
yong
courage, courageous, brave (2.24, 9.29, 14.4, 14.28, 17.8, 17.23)
yue / le
yue: music (3.3, 3.23, 7.14, 8.8, 8.15, 9.15, 15.11, 16.13, 17.11); le: joy, pleasure (1.1, 6.11, 6.20, 16.5)
zheng
to govern, to rule, government (1.10, 2.1, 11.3, 11.26, 12.7, 12.11, 12.14, 12.17, 12.19, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.6, 13.14, 13.16, 13.17, 16.2)
zheng
to correct, to rectify, upright (12.17, 13.6, 13.13)
zhengming
rectifying names (12.27, 13.3)
zhi
to know, to understand, knowledge, all-knowing cognizance (2.17, 6.20, 7.20, 8.9, 9.8, 12.22, 14.35, 15.33, 15.34, 16.9, 17.8); wise, wisdom (4.2, 6.22, 9.29, 14.28, 15.8)
zhi
upright, uprightness (6.19, 12.22, 13.18, 14.34, 15.7, 15.26, 16.4, 17.8)
zhong
to do one’s best (1.8, 5.19, 5.28, 7.25, 9.25, 12.10, 12.14, 13.19, 14.7, 15.6)
Appendix 2B
MAJOR TOPICS
Many topics are cross-listed with their Chinese terms. One should go to the discussion in the commentaries for references in square brackets, and to Appendix 2A for the transliterated terms.
action, conduct
See xing .
archery
3.7, 3.16
barbarians
3.5, 9.14, 13.19
Confucius’ self-description
2.4, 7.1–7.8, 7.12, 7.19, 7.24, 7.28, 7.33, 7.34, 9.6, 9.7, 9.16, 14.28
courage
See yong.
culture, literature
See wen.
destiny
See ming.
doing one’s best
See zhong.
fengjian enfeoffment system
[2.3, 7.5]
filial, filiality
See xiao and also 4.19, 17.21.
friend, friendship
12.23, 12.24, 16.4, 19.3
funeral/mourning
2.5, 3.2, 3.26, 7.9, 10.25, 12.8, 12.9, 12.10, 12.11, 17.21, 19.14, 19.17
gentleman
See junzi.
glib
See ning.
gods and spirits
See shengui.
good man
See shanren.
government/ruler
See zheng and also 1.5, 2.19, 2.20, 3.19, 13.15, 14.15, 18.10.
harmony
See he.
Heaven, heaven, nature
See tian.
Heaven’s decree
See tianming.
human nature
See xing .
humane, humaneness
See ren.
knowledge, to know, wisdom
See zhi .
law/edicts/litigation
2.3, 12.12, 12.13, 19.19
learning, to learn
See xue.
lord protector
14.15, 14.17
Lu, state of
6.24, 9.15, 13.7, [16.1, 16.3]
man of education and professional aspiration
See shi 士.
music
See yue.
perception
12.6, 12.21
petty man
See xiaoren.
poetry, poems
See shi .
political counselors
5.3, 5.15, 5.16, 5.19, 5.20, 5.21, 7.5, 8.11, 8.20, [12.11, 13.23], 14.8, 14.13, 14.16, 14.18, 14.19, 15.7, 15.10
putting oneself in the other’s place
See shu.
recluse, reclusion
8.13, [14.38, 14.39], 16.11, 18.6, 18.7, 18.8
rectifying names
See zhengming.
respect, respectful
See jing.
rightness, fairness
See yi.
rites, ritual propriety
See li and also 3.10, 9.10, Book Ten, 11.11, 14.40, 15.11.
sage
See sheng.
shameful, having a sense of shame
See chi.
Shang (Yin) dynasty
2.23, 3.21, 8.20, 15.11
speech and action
See yan and xing and also Book Ten.
teaching
See hui.
to correct, upright
See zheng 正.
trust, trustworthy
See xin.
upright
See zhi .
virtue, integrity
See de.
war
7.13, 13.30
Way, moral way
See dao.
words, speech
See yan.
worthiness
See xian.
Xia dynasty
2.23, 3.21, 15.11
Zhou dynasty