Inflation, 256, 259, 260, 261, 282, 340
Inland Sea, 159, 486, 540
Inönü, Ismet, 414
Intellectuals, and world peace, 515-516
Intelligence, 73, 294, 440, 519; Japanesecode broken, 226
Interior, Department of, 143
Interventionism, 41, 42, 43, 48, 99, 111, 112, 142, 149, 280
Invasion: of Great Britain, threatened, 10, 14, 15, 19, 33, 45, 64, 73, 79; of the U.S., feared, 45
Iowa, U.S.S., 402-403, 416
Iquitos, Peru, 57
Iran, 153, 308, 422
Isle of Wight, 475
Ismay, Sir Hastings L., 11, 73, 235, 368, 407
Isolationism, 5, 6, 11, 37, 41-42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 49, 56, 84, 98, 111, 120, 131. 132, 142, 148, 151, 159, 165, 168, 177, 201, 210, 211, 213, 274, 275, 280, 359, 400, 422, 426, 499, 500, 516, 526, 528. 532, 543, 583
Istrian Peninsula, 479, 519
Italian-Americans, treatment of, in World War II, 268. See also Aliens
Italy: campaign in, 369, 370, 393-395, 407, 438-439, 440, 478, 479, 484, 489, 518, 519, 545, 546, 560; Churchill and F.D.R. dispute over. 537-538; Churchill regrets that Allied forces in, denied chance to reach Vienna before Russians, 480; Communism in, 391-392, 586; German aid to, 80, 391, 394; German occupation of, 393; German resistance in Africa prevents Allied landing in, 330; German supplies for Africa deployed through, 326; Germans ready to take over, 392; government crisis in, 383, 537-538; Grand Council, 383; Great Britain disappointed that no attack on, planned at Casablanca Conference, 319; Great Britain in favor of strong offensive against, 315, 318, 369, 393; Great Britain interested in political arrangements for, 401; Hitler orders attack on, 394; invades Greece, 14-15; invades southern France, 295; invasion of Sicily, 381, 383; and Libya, 64; and North Africa, 80; plans to eliminate, 86, 370; projected power on the African Mediterranean coast, 16; puts out peace feelers to Spain and Portugal, 393; Red Army operations on Eastern Front help Allied operations in, 483; refugees from, 442; F.D.R. fears anarchy in, 391; F.D.R. reluctant to commit large armies in, 368-369; F.D.R.’s assessment of aims, 6; secret negotiations on German surrender, 585-586; as signatory of the Tripartite Pact, 16, 20-21, 69; Stalin advises against attacking Germany through, 408; Stalin resents being left out of negotiations with, 399; as strategic imponderable, 314; surrenders, 394; and unconditional surrender, 323, 384, 390, 391; U.S. declares war on, 175. See also Badoglio. Pietro; Mussolini, Benito; Rome; Tripartite Pact
Iwo Jima, 588
Jackson, Graham, 601
Jackson, Mississippi, Daily News. 462
Jackson, Robert, 39, 91, 117, 122, 594
James, William, 604
Janeway, Eliot, 245
Japan: accession of, 93; appeals to Moslem elements in Southeast Asia, 218; assets in U.S. frozen, 109; atomic bombing of, 591, 596; bombing of, 86, 224, 344-345, 346, 445, 486, 558, 588, 595-596, 599; and Burma, 186, 201, 202. 203, 205, 218, 240, 315, 381, 383, 541; and China, 19, 20, 78, 79, 81-83, 106, 107, 110, 128, 135, 136, 137-138, 144, 145, 146, 147, 150, 155, 156, 157-158, 160, 203, 375, 404, 415, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 589; Churchill’s policy toward, 127, 143, 150; Congress votes for war against, 171; downfall of, 561; events leading to war, 18-22, 78-83, 134-139, 144-147, 149-151, 154-161; expansionist policy, 13, 19-20, 78-79, 128, 135; fall of Cabinet, 596; fanaticism of troops, 590; fear of Communism spreading into, 558-559; feigns posture of indifference to F.D.R.’s re-election, 18; and Great Britain, 80, 137, 171-172, 325, 400; Great Britain declares war on, 171-172; Hitler hopes for German-Japanese link-up, 308; Hitler’s strategy for, 69; Ickes urges a full embargo against, 23, 109; impatience to seize Allied possessions in the Far East, 19-20; and India, 20, 201, 202, 209, 219, 220, 221, 222, 225, 229, 231, 239, 240, 242, 308, 541; and Indochina, 13, 20, 78, 108, 109, 110, 127, 128, 135, 136, 138, 144, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 379, 381; iron and steel embargo, 20; kamikazes, 558, 588, 590; new leaders, 154; Navy, 175-176, 221, 444, 485, 540; negotiates for truce with U.S., 156-157; the New Order, 18, 20; oil embargo, 21, 107, 109, 110; peace group versus military, 558-559; and the Philippines, 78, 108, 158, 160, 165, 172, 175, 186, 201, 206-209, 218, 267, 379, 540; power overestimated, 57; projected American attack on, 540, 544; propaganda, 387; reaction to the German invasion of Russia, 97; reaction to F.D.R.’s death, 601; relations with its Axis partners, 79-80; rivalries between diplomats and military, 79, 106; F.D.R.’s assessment of aims, 6; F.D.R. makes wrong assessment of, 153; and Russia, 19, 81, 83, 94-95, 97, 108, 135, 137, 184, 188, 189, 207, 313, 314, 400, 401, 414, 545, 546, 565, 572, 574, 575, 576, 590; as signatory of the Anti-Comintern Pact, 19; as signatory of the Tripartite Pact, 16, 20-21, 69, 78, 144; sinks three American cruisers and one Australian, 255, 284; and the Solomons, 209, 225, 255, 283, 284, 285, 291, 300, 314, 382, 444; Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact, 81, 83, 94-95; ten-point proposal to, 157; and unconditional surrender, 323; U.S. declares war on, 165-167; U.S. warning to, 134; war against the whites in Asia, 217-226; war aims, 217. See also Konoye, Fumimaro; Pacific theater; Pearl Harbor: attack on
Japan Times-Advertiser, 351
Japanese-Americans: discrimination against, vii, 214-215, 217, 268, 463; internment of, 213-217, 266-268, 275, 421, 461, 463-464, 466; riots by, in concentration camps, 421, 466
Java, 202, 209, 218, 223, 592
Jean Bart (French battleship), 294
Jefferson, Thomas, 216, 273, 362, 386, 596; Memorial, 356-357
Jerusalem, 397, 406
Jews: attacked by Hitler in speech, December 1940, 17; anti-Semitism in the U.S., 280, 421; “final solution,” 395-397; hatred of, in German propaganda, 386; Hitler’s hatred of, 70, 310, 387; Ibn Saud approached re admitting, into Palestine, 578-579; report on U.S. government’s “acquiescence” in murder of, 441; F.D.R. and, 43, 395-398, 545, 577-579; Stalin discusses national home for, 577-578; War Refugee Board created to assist, 441-442
Jidda, 578
Jinnah, Mohammed Ali, 219
Jodl, Alfred, 391
Johnson, Edwin C, 437
Johnson, Hiram, 47, 132, 164, 165, 361, 426
Johnson, Hugh, 211
Johnson, Louis, 220-221, 222
Johnson, Lyndon, 611
Johnson, Nelson, 82, 83
Johnson Act, 24, 26
Joint Chiefs of Staff, American, 99, 128, 176, 182, 230, 242, 283, 284, 288, 316, 317, 345, 368, 389, 392, 393, 402, 403, 414, 415, 416, 440, 445, 452, 453, 477, 485, 489, 491, 494-495, 496, 519, 546, 548, 565; formation of, 183; supporting agencies of, 452. See also Arnold, Henry; Combined Chiefs of Staff; King, Ernest J.; Leahy, William D.; Marshall, George C.
Joint Chiefs of Staff, British, 85, 128, 183, 231, 311, 317, 318, 392, 415, 416, 444, 445, 477, 495. See also Brooke, Alan; Combined Chiefs of Staff; Dill, Sir John; Ismay, Sir Hastings L.; Mountbatten, Lord Louis; Portal, Sir Charles; Pound, Sir Dudley
Joint Committee on New Weapons and Equipment, 345
Jones, Jesse, 25, 39, 122, 341, 342, 348, 454-455, 560, 561, 603
Josephson, Matthew, 272
Juliana, Princess of Holland, 253
Juneau, 136
Juno Beach, 474
Justice, Department of, 117, 201, 215
Kaiser, Henry J., 245, 269, 272, 504, 521
Kaiser shipyards, Portland, 269
Kalinin, 188
Kamikazes, 558, 588, 590
Kapitza, Peter, 458
Karl, Prince of Sweden, 125
Kasserine Pass, 326, 547
Katyn Forest massacre, 372
Kaya, Okinori, 154
Kearny, U.S.S., 147
Kelly, Colin P., 210
Kelly, Edward J., 506
Kelly Field, 270
Kennan, George, 352, 353
Kennedy, Joseph P., 46, 211, 489
Kennedy, Joseph P., Jr., 489
Kent, Frank, 119
Kerr, Clark, 565, 572, 583
Kesselring, Albert, 394, 439, 479
Key West, 143
Keynes, John Maynard, 118, 514
Kharkov, 232, 326
Khartoum, 233, 314, 368
Kido, Koichi, 138
Kiev, 143, 408
King, Ernest J., 125, 126, 141, 183, 201, 223, 228, 232, 233, 236, 242, 244, 287, 299, 316, 317, 318, 402, 405, 415, 486, 490, 493, 494, 519
King George V, H.M.S., 12, 74
Kinkaid, Thomas C, 540
Kipling, Rudyard, quoted by F.D.R., 177
Kirchwey, Freda, 295
Kirk, Alexander C, 403
Kiska, 226, 383
Knox, Frank, 38-39, 45, 51, 84, 86, 89, 90, 91, 103, 104, 131, 133, 141, 150, 157, 161, 162, 163, 182, 222, 223, 352, 364, 464, 493, 494, 513, 607
Knudsen, William S„ 51, 52, 55-56, 88, 118, 194
Koiso, Kuniaki, 558
Konoye, Fumimaro, 19, 20, 79, 81, 108, 110, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 144, 146, 147, 559
Korneichuk, Alexander, 399
Korsun salient, 446
Kota Bahru, 175
Krock, Arthur, 201
Ku Klux Klan, 265
Kunming, 375, 376
Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist government). See Chiang Kai-shek; China
Kure, 159
Kurile Islands, 159, 202, 574
Kurita, Takeo, 540
Kurusu, Saburo, 155-158, 162
Kwajalein atoll, 444, 446, 485
Kyushu, 576, 590
Labor, 116, 117, 118, 151, 177, 191-192, 194-196, 245, 259-260, 262, 263-265, 334-338, 460, 465, 522, 525. See also Manpower; Strikes; Unions
Labor, Department of, 196, 465
Labor Committee (House), 40
Labor-management conference, 196
Labor party, American, 277, 281
Labor Production Division. See War
Production Board
La Follette, Robert M., 47, 426
La Follette, Robert M., Jr., 47
La Guardia, Fiorello, 41, 116, 124, 275, 491-492, 501, 525
Lahey, Frank, 449
Lamon Bay, 203
Lampell, Millard, 604
Land, Emory S., 191, 245, 452, 565
Landon, Alfred M., 38, 356, 528
Lane, Arthur Bliss, 535
Langley, U.S.S., 223
Lash, Joseph, 4, 177, 185
Laski, Harold, 551, 565
Latin America, 56, 100, 163-164, 253, 307, 378, 385, 514. See also Central America; South America
Latta, Maurice, 451
Lattimore, Owen, 83
Latvia, 15, 413
Laval, Pierre, 285, 287, 293
Lawrence, Ernest O., 251
League of Nations, 47, 129, 130, 131, 358, 361, 427, 428, 515, 516, 526, 567, 568
Leahy, William D., 64-65, 286, 287, 302, 402, 406, 447, 452, 469, 488, 489, 490, 493, 494, 496, 507, 521, 530, 554, 562, 565, 568, 572, 573, 594
LeHand, Missy, 8, 50, 56, 59, 60, 122, 390, 489
Lehman, Herbert, 268, 275, 277, 502, 513
Leiserson, William M., 338
Lemnos, occupied by the British, 15
Lend-Lease, 25-29, 41, 43-49, 50, 57, 58, 65, 73, 83, 84, 88, 89, 118, 126, 148, 152, 247-248, 300, 406, 429, 520, 604
Lenin, 551, 571
Leningrad, 143, 228, 446
Lerner, Max, 358, 421
Lewis, John L., 5, 52, 55, 68; 117, 177. 194, 195, 196, 260, 263, 335, 336, 337, 341, 349, 533, 560. 594
Lexington, U.S.S., 222, 225
Leyte, 527, 539, 540, 558
Leyte Gulf, Battle of, 541
Liaotung Peninsula, 574
Liberia, 266, 324
Liberty (magazine), 103
Liberty ships, 245, 469
Libya, 64, 72, 75, 173, 180, 229, 285, 310, 311
Life (magazine), 307, 533
Lilienthal, David, 119, 300, 301-302, 305, 431, 432, 562
Lincoln, Abraham, 164, 194, 216, 316, 494, 604, 605, 606, 608; quoted by F.D.R., 107, 492. 507
Lindbergh, Anne Morrow, 66
Lindbergh, Charles A., 46, 48, 211
Lingayen Gulf, 203
Linlithgow, Marquis of, 380
Lippmann, Walter, 112, 119, 216, 295, 516
Liscombe Bay, U.S.S., 444
Literature, during the war, 272, 273
Lithuania, 15, 413, 567
Little Steel wage formula, 341
Litvinov, Maxim, 93, 183-184, 185, 229, 232, 373, 399
Livadia Palace, 564, 566, 576
Ljubljana Gap, 479
Lloyd George, David, 76, 77, 187, 428, 552
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 361, 426
London, bombing of, 9, 10, 29, 78, 558 London Poles. See Poland: government-in-exile
“Lonesome Train, The” (Lampell), 604
Long, Breckenridge, 398, 441
Long, Huey, 68, 426, 500, 603, 604
Loomis, Alfred, 345
Los Alamos, 456, 558
Los Angeles, 270; “zoot-suit” riots, 388
Lost Horizon (Hilton), 224
Lothian, Lord, 24, 74
Louisville Courier Journal, 264
Lovett, Robert, 39
Low Countries. 305, 519. See also Belgium; Netherlands
Lubell, Samuel, 451
Lubin, Isador, 193, 460
Lublin Poles. See Polish Committee of National Liberation
Lucas, Scott, 532
Luce, Clare Booth, 307-308, 606
Luce, Henry, 307, 357, 512, 533, 603
Luftwaffe, 9, 10, 282, 446
Luxembourg, 185, 365
Luzon, 202-205, 207, 445
Lwow, 536, 570
MacArthur, Douglas A., 213, 272; advocates bringing Russia into war against Japan, 188-189, 207; advocates Pacific First strategy, 188-189, 242, 491; appointment of, to F.D.R.’s credit, 350; attempts of, to defend the Philippines, 206-209; awarded Congressional Medal of Honor, 209; charges of neglect of forces of, 206, 211, 491, 527; Churchill offers British fleet for, 519; commander of U.S. forces in the Philippines, 109, 150; counteroffensive of, 283, 284, 382, 444, 485, 487, 527, 540; disagreement with Nimitz over Pacific strategy, 485, 488-489, 490; friend of Quezon, 206; leaves the Philippines, 209; letters of, agreeing with New Deal criticism, published, 501; love of the Philippines, 206; meeting with F.D.R., 488-489, 490; military career of, 205; offers to go to Washington to appeal for aid, 485; promises to return to the Philippines, 209, 485; and proposal for neutralization of the Philippines, 208; relations with F.D.R., 205, 603; reports on effectiveness of Japanese air attack, 202; Republican leaders rumored to be in secret communication with, 400; and Republican presidential nomination, 499, 500-501; returns to the Philippines, 527; F.D.R. discusses possibility of turning over forces of, to the British, 182; F.D.R. writes to, on movements of Japanese fleet, 226; support for, 176, 182, 204, 206-208, 284; triumphs of, help F.D.R.’s 1944 campaign, 528; Willkie’s demand to bring back, to unify defense effort, 274
McCloy, John J., 39, 216, 491
McCormack, John W. 40, 120, 307, 433, 456, 581
McCormick, Anne O’Hare, 611
McCormick, Robert R., 39, 45, 132, 212, 275, 358, 421
McCrea, John, 402
McDuffie, Lizzie, 599
McIntire, Ross T., 22, 36, 143, 214, 270, 316, 448, 449, 488, 490, 600, 602
McIntyre, Marvin, 9, 265, 390, 447, 462
McKay, Dorothy, 59
McKellar, Kenneth, 427, 432, 435, 437
Mackenzie King, William Lyon, 62, 140, 335, 457
MacLeish, Archibald, 24, 35, 91, 122, 254, 266, 296, 384, 389, 390, 553
McMahon, Brien, 533
Macmillan, Harold, 320, 321, 322
McNary, Charles, 37, 164
McNutt, Paul V., 265, 334, 335, 337, 432, 452, 460, 504
McWilliams, Joseph E., 453
M-9 electrical director, 345
MAB. See Combined Munitions Assignments Board
Mackinac Island conference, 400, 428-429, 510
Maginot Line, 474
Maine, 86, 131, 490
Maisky, Ivan M., 102, 111, 373, 399, 565
, 611
Make This the Last War (Straight), 360
Makin, 443
Malay Barrier, 203, 209, 223
Malaya, 20, 158, 165, 182, 201, 203, 204, 211, 240, 444
Malaya, H.M.S., 64
Malta, 311, 394, 416, 558, 565
Manchuria, 19, 20, 79, 545, 574, 575, 576, 577
Mandated Islands, 443
Manhattan Engineering District, 251
Manhattan Project, 456
Manila, 164, 175, 203, 206, 268, 565, 596
Mann, Thomas, 358
Manpower, 246, 332, 334-338, 461, 560, 593. See also Labor
Mao Tse-tung, 533, 542, 543
Mare Island Navy Yard, 270
Mareth Line, 329
Mariana Islands, 444, 485, 486-487, 488, 489, 540, 558
Marianas, Battle of the, 486-487, 540
Maritime Commission, 25, 191, 245
Markop oil fields, 308
Marrakesh, 324
Marriage rate, 461
Marsala, 382
Marshall, George C: accused by F.D.R. of ignorance about ships, 201; advocates decisive action against Japan, 242; advocates raising Eisenhower to rank of full general, 319; advocates a unified command of all forces in the Pacific, 181-182, 201; appointment of, reflects F.D.R.’s perspicacity, 350; asked to evaluate situation in the Middle East, 89; assigned to Joint Chiefs of Staff, 183; and atomic-bomb project, 251, 456, 558; attempts to stave off war, 156; cabled in London by F.D.R. to “put Hopkins to bed,” 221; at Cairo Conference, 402, 407; character and personality, 85; and command of OVERLORD, 415, 494; complains of delays in learning of F.D.R.’s decisions, 453; composes message to Stalin on Anglo-American global strategy, 371; concerned about railroad strike threat, 338; consults Eisenhower for plan of action in the Pacific, 204; cool to Churchill’s offer of planes for attack on Japan, 519; and cross-channel attack, 128, 229, 230-231, 233, 234, 235, 236, 242, 287, 316, 317-318, 369-370, 371, 392, 393, 410, 415, 477, 545; decision maker of Joint Chiefs of Staff, 452; and establishment of base in Australia, 186, 204; fears that F.D.R. is swayed by Churchill’s eloquence, 180; hated by draftees, 134; insists on preserving II Corps as a fighting unit, 329; intercepted Japanese war message not relayed to, 161; and MacArthur, 176, 182, 204, 207, 208; at meeting on negotiations with Portugal, 352; meetings with Churchill, 230-231, 236, 314, 369, 371, 389; meeting with Molotov, 232-233, 234; on need for weapons research and training, 343, 344; and North African operation, 287-288, 290, 291, 302, 317; not invited to Honolulu Conference, 490; persuades F.D.R. not to commission La Guardia, 491; plans for possibility of attack on the U.S., 86; prepares to abandon the Philippines, 207; promises Churchill tanks for the Middle East, 236; proposal of, to increase army strength, not approved, 246; protégé of General Pershing, 85; requested to make study of use of colleges for war purposes, 464; reviews troop dispositions with F.D.R., 163; F.D.R. complains to, on issue of de Gaulle, 481; on F.D.R.’s staff throughout his tenure, 494; Stilwell’s reports to, on China, 375, 378, 542; succeeds in retaining Dill in Washington, 189; supports Stilwell, 376, 377, 544; sworn in as Army Chief of Staff, 85; tries to convince F.D.R. of impregnability of Hawaii, 90; urges F.D.R. to ask Congress for extension of selective service, 120; warns against Chennault plan, 377; at White House correspondents’ dinner, 594; at Yalta Conference, 565
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