Rural Electrification Administration, 460
Russell, Bertrand, 358
Russia: aid to, 103, 111-112, 113, 114, 115, 127, 151, 152, 153, 211, 232, 233-234, 237, 247, 248-249, 310, 319, 398, 411; as an ally, 186-187; and the atomic bomb, 457, 459, 546, 550, 608; and the Balkans, 17, 94, 483-484, 537, 554, 557; and Bulgaria, 68, 71, 94, 537, 554; casualties, 546; Catholic reaction to, 152; and China, 79, 81, 83, 576-577, 589; and Churchill, 101, 111, 126, 153, 186-187, 312, 416, 515, 585; colonial rivalry with Great Britain in 19th century, 373; Comintern dissolved, 367, 373; convoys to, 233, 237, 288, 308, 310, 313, 327-328, 367, 372; craving for peace, 539; and the Declaration of Allied Unity, 183-184, 185; demands at Yalta, 574-577; expelled from League of Nations, 567; and Finland, 17, 68, 94, 187, 365, 372, 412, 567; German invasion, campaigns, retreats, and withdrawal, 95-97, 101-103, 106, 110-111, 111-112, 113, 127, 137, 142, 143, 151, 153, 186-187, 188, 228-229, 231, 232-233, 237, 247, 282-283, 300, 305, 308, 313, 314, 407, 408, 446, 483, 520, 557-558, 566, 575, 576, 586, 587; and Great Britain, 94, 102, 111, 232, 248, 283, 373; and Greece, 484, 537, 538, 583, 586; Hitler as seen by the Russians, 67; Hitler’s hatred of, 70, 309-310; Hitler’s plan to conquer, 15, 17, 68-70, 80; and Hungary, 518, 537; and India, 17, 20, 68; and international economic policy, 514-515; and invitation to join the Tripartite Pact, 16, 68, 79, 81, 156; and Japan, 19, 81, 83, 94-95, 97, 108, 135, 137, 184, 188, 189, 207, 313, 314, 400, 401, 414, 545, 546, 565, 572, 574, 575, 576, 590; and Manchuria, 545, 574, 575, 576, 577; Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939), 15, 19, 93, 97, 183, 373, 399, 575; need for border security, 373; not admitted as member of MAB, 247; not represented on Combined Chiefs of Staff, 186; and the Pacific war, 188-189, 207, 401, 408, 414, 545, 546, 565, 572, 574, 575, 576, 588, 590; and Poland, 187, 372, 373, 374, 413, 483, 534-537, 539, 560, 565, 569-573, 575-576, 583, 584; in postwar world, vii, 365, 366-367, 514-515, 516; reaction to F.D.R.’s death, 610; receives oil supplies, 135; the Revolution, 373, 551; and Rumania, 15, 187, 233, 308, 446, 484, 537, 554; sends raw materials to Germany, 94; Soviet funds in the U.S. unfrozen, 103; Soviet Japanese Neutrality Pact, 81, 83, 94-95; twenty-year peace treaty with Great Britain, 232; and the U.N., 515, 517, 567-568, 572, 584; and the U.S., vii, 94, 103, 112, 360, 372-374, 470, 537, 539, 564, 590; and the West, ix, 327, 514-515, 558, 572, 585-587; White Russia, 567. See also Second front; Stalin, Joseph; Teheran Conference ; Yalta Conference
Rutherfurd, Winthrop, 198
Rutherfurd, Mrs. Winthrop (Lucy Mercer), 7, 198-199, 450, 599, 600, 606
Ryukyu Islands, 404, 590
Saar, 520
Sabath, Adolph J., 40
Saboteurs, German, electrocution of, 217, 255
Sachs, Alexander, 249-250, 550
Saigon, 13, 175
Saint-Lô, 482
St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 453
St. Pierre, 184
Saint-Tropez, Gulf of, 480
Saint-Vith, 554
Saipan, 486, 487, 496, 540
Sakhalin, 81, 574
Saki airport, 564, 565
Salaries, limitation of. See Wage control
Salazar, Antonio, 352, 353
Salerno, 394
Samoa, 182, 283
San Bernadino Strait, 540
San Diego, Calif., 222, 270, 488, 496, 498, 506, 507, 508, 509, 521
San Francisco Chronicle, 214
San Francisco Conference, 582, 583, 584, 585, 587, 590, 592, 594
Sandburg, Carl, 62, 107
Santa Barbara, Calif., 213, 214
Saratoga, U.S.S., 222, 588
Sardinia, 305, 311, 312
Sarnoff, David, 264
Saudi Arabia, 397
Sayre, Francis, 62, 207
Scharnhorst (German battle cruiser), 89, 327
Schweinfurt, 445
Scientific research, 343-347
Scott, John, 272
SCR-594 ground radar, 345
Sea of Japan, 224
Sea power, 12-13. See also Navy, U.S.; Royal Navy
Seattle, Wash., 226, 269, 347
II Corps (U.S. Army), 326, 329
Second front (cross-channel invasion): Churchill and, 230-231, 234, 235-236, 238, 285-286, 325, 367, 369, 392, 408, 438; contingent upon transportation, 326; crisis in U.S.-Soviet relations over, 372-374; discussed at Casablanca Conference, 315-319; Korneichuk on the postponement of, 399; Marshall fears the North African operation will delay, 287; plans for, 229-238, 369-370, 407-412, 414; postponements of, 236-237, 285-286, 312, 325, 328, 367, 370-374, 399, 548, 549, 608; F.D.R. and, 392-393, 548, 549, 608; F.D.R.s comment on, 300; F.D.R. pledges, 233; the Russian people and, 484; settled at Teheran Conference, 407-412, 414; Stalin calls for, 153, 187, 188, 229, 233, 242, 310-311, 313, 314, 315, 325, 327; Stalin informed of postponements, 236-237, 370-371; Stalin waits for, 446; Willkie as a supporter of, 275, 279, 283. See also OVERLORD
Sedition trials, 453-454. See also Saboteurs; Subversive activities
Segregation. See Black Americans
Seine, Bay of the, 473
Selective Service. See Draft
Selective Service Act of 1940, 120
Senate: asked to ratify treaty surrendering extraterritorial rights in China, 375; confirms Secretary of Commerce, 593; kills aid-to-education bill, 421; and the Office of War Information, 385; and the price-control bill, 197, 258, 262; rejects head of Rural Electrification, 594; tax bills prepared by, 363, 433; and the United Nations, 517, 581. See also Banking and Currency Committee; Congress; Education and Labor Subcommittee; Finance Committee; Foreign Relations Committee; Military Affairs Subcommittee; Naval Affairs Committee; Special Committee to Investigate the Defense Program
Sengstacke, John, 463
Serbia, 365
Servicemen’s vote bill. See Soldiers’-vote bill
Sevastopol, 228, 237, 565, 578
Seventh Army (General Patton), 382
Seventh Fleet, 540
7th Infantry Division (U.S. Army), 489
Sexual equality, move toward, 461
Sforza, Count Carlo, 391, 537, 538
“Shall We Have More TVA’s?” (Lilienthal), 562
Shanghai, 19, 203
“Shangri-La” (camp), 253-255, 291, 294, 383
Sherwood, Robert, 9, 33, 50, 58, 59, 99, 101, 149, 213, 244, 260, 297, 336, 337, 383, 384, 385, 415, 424, 451, 529, 530, 538, 607, 608, 611
Shimada, Shigetaro, 154
Shipbuilding, 25, 190, 191, 193, 244-245, 333, 334
Shipping: Byrnes reports on problems, 560; gift to Britain of destroyers, 11, 13, 33; lease of cargo ships, 25; Liberty ships, 245, 469; losses, Allied, 10, 12, 65, 72, 89, 100, 221, 233, 237, 243-245, 327, 333, 549; F.D.R. refuses to divert shipping from military needs, 549; shortage of, 181; use of American ports by British warships, 41, 64, 88; Victory ships, 469. See also Navy, U.S.; Royal Navy
Shirer, William L., 358
Shokaku (Japanese carrier), 225
Sholto-Douglas, Sir William, 603
“Shoot on sight” policy, 141, 142. See also
Atlantic theater
Shotwell, James T., 515
Shoumatoff, Elizabeth, 599-600
Siam, 156
Siam, Gulf of, 203
Siberia, 78, 80, 97, 173, 188, 189, 233, 237
Sibuyan Sea, 540
Sicily, 64, 74, 285, 305, 311, 312, 317, 319, 325, 326, 328, 369, 381, 382, 383, 393, 416, 422, 492
Sikorski, Wladyslaw, 372
Sinai Desert, 406
Sinclair, Upton, 62
Singapore, 13, 21, 79, 80, 86, 90, 149, 160, 175, 180, 186, 202, 203, 204, 209, 216, 219, 223, 240, 268, 444, 540
Singora, 203
“Sistie.” See Dall, Eleanor
SLEDGEHAMMER, 370, 374
Smedley, Agnes, 381
Smith, Alfred E., 277, 348, 356, 426, 497, 529, 530, 602, 604, 605
Smith, E. D. (“Cotton Ed”), 427
Smith, Gerald, 528
Smith, Harold, 159, 257, 335, 342, 348, 350, 353, 421, 452, 4
65
Smith, Howard W., 331
Smith, Merriman, 269
Smith-Connally bill, 337
Smolensk, 143, 372
Smuts, Jan Christian, 548, 609
Social conditions, in the U.S., viii, 53-54, 465-466
“Social Insurance and Allied Services” (Beveridge Plan), 361
Social Justice (journal), 211
Social Security, 192, 361-362, 364, 434, 560
Social Security Act, 362
Sojourner Truth housing project, 466
Soldiers’-vote bill, 421, 429-431, 437
Solid Fuels Administrator, 337
Solomon Islands, 182, 209, 225, 255, 283, 284, 285, 291, 300, 314, 382, 444
Somervell, Brehon, 246, 333, 565
Songs, of the war, 271
Soong, T. V., 83, 145, 184, 185, 453
South, the: Democratic party in, 36-37, 40, 421, 427, 431, 437, 506, 510, 511, 524; Cordell Hull and Jesse Jones as spokesmen for, 39; and interventionism, 43; Negroes in, 461, 462
South Africa, 185
South America, 13, 147, 266. See also Latin America
South Sea islands, 390
Southwick House, 474
Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact, 81, 83, 94-95
Soviet Union. See Russia
Spain: Allied advance in Italy affects, 395; and Germany, 10, 14, 64, 65, 179, 288, 291; and Great Britain, 14, 65, 77, 127; and Italy, 393; neutrality of, 313-314, 397; Spanish Morocco, 288; and the U.S., 65, 77, 127, 397. See also Franco, Francisco
Special Committee to Investigate the Defense Program (Senate). See Truman Committee
Spruance, Raymond A., 226, 443, 444, 487, 588
Stabilization program. See Economic
stabilization program
Stage Door Canteen, 460
Stalin, Joseph: Allied invasion of France urged by, 408; ambitions in Manchuria, 575, 577; anger at British suspension of northern convoys, 237, 310, 327-328, 372; and the atomic bomb, 458; bargains with Hitler, 94; as a brilliant tactician, 551; and the British, 566; cables F.D.R. on Red Army’s new offensive, 483; calls for advance into the German heartland, 408; calls for a second front, 153, 187, 188, 229, 233, 242, 310-311, 313, 314, 315, 325, 327; character of, 92; and China, 407; on Churchill, 484, 587; Churchill presents sword of Stalingrad to, 410; Churchill tells of cancellation of Second Front, 236-238; coldly realistic on the Far East, 188; as commander in chief, 496; dissolves the Comintern, 367, 373; congratulates F.D.R. on his fourth election, 533; and Sir Stafford Cripps, 102; approves the Darlan deal, 298; discusses British politics with Churchill, 577; doubts about TORCH, 288; feels shut out of Anglo-American discussions, 399; impressed by France’s military weakness, 566; on the French, 408; on Germany, 408-409, 410, 412; and Greece, 537, 538, 583; on Hitler, 113, 409; and Indochina, 591, 592; invited by F.D.R. to meet but cables negative reply, 367, 368, 373; invited to Big Three meeting but refuses to attend, 314, 315; and the Jews, 577-578; knows German attack is possible, 95; learns of F.D.R.’s death, 601; letter to Churchill on lack of agreement on war and peace aims, 153; letter to F.D.R. on postponement of the second front, 371-372; makes himself chairman of the Council of the People’s Commissars, 95; May Day, 1944, order, 484; meetings with Churchill, 236-238, 537, 538, 539; meeting with de Gaulle, 566; meeting with Milovan Djilas, 484; meeting with Hopkins, 113-114; meeting with Matsuoka, 80, 81, 95; meeting with Mikolajczk, 534; Munich crisis as viewed by, 93; and the North African campaign, 327, 328, 330; pleads illness and refuses to leave Russia, 565; and Poland, 187, 372, 412, 413, 483, 534-537, 569, 570-573, 575-576, 583-584, 587; political strategy, 551-552; postwar designs, 238, 366; and postwar Soviet security, 551; proposes secret agreement with U.K., 187; reaction to the abandonment of ANVIL, 479; and realpolitik, 92-97; receives F.D.R.’s note of war plans agreed on at Casablanca Conference, 324; relations with Churchill, 310, 311, 412, 537, 567; relations with F.D.R., 201, 232, 313, 399, 412, 416, 484, 537, 566, 575, 585-587, 596, 603, 608; and the Russian winter offensive, 557-558; and the Russo-Japanese pact, 94-95; on Russian war aims, 229; and San Francisco Conference, 584; as seen by Hitler, 15, 68-69, 309; sense of humor, 189; and Soviet intervention in Asia, 575; speech to his people on the German invasion, 97; suspicions of the West, 371, 539, 585-587; at Teheran Conference, 389, 406-413; telegraphs F.D.R. on Italian landings, 394; tries to appease Germany, 95; and the U.N., 566, 584, 587; and unconditional surrender, 546; views October 1942 as most critical month of the war, 283; waits for the second front, 446; withdraws agreement to meet with Roosevelt in Fairbanks, 400; and Yalta Conference, 558, 565-580, 583, 591. See also Russia
Stalin, Svetlana (daughter of Joseph Stalin), 238
Stalingrad, 228, 237, 282-283, 284, 291, 308, 309, 310, 311, 329, 330, 410
Standard Oil Company, 251, 344
Stark, Harold (“Betty”), 85, 86, 89, 103-104, 105, 109, 110, 156, 161, 163, 183, 223, 296, 494
Stars and Stripes, 337, 470
Stassen, Harold, 499, 526, 583, 607
State, Department of, 134, 286, 287, 319, 323, 352, 380, 381, 384, 396, 427, 429, 441, 451, 452, 462, 515, 520, 538, 551, 559, 565, 584
Steel, 52
Steelman, John R., 196
Steinbeck, John, 271
Steinhardt, Laurence, 112, 113
Stettin, 565
Stettinius, Edward R., 51, 52, 442, 517, 552, 560, 561, 564, 565, 567, 568, 573, 589, 592
Stevenson, Adlai, 131
Stewart, Irvin, 346
Stilwell, Joseph (“Vinegar Joe”), 242, 375-376, 377, 378, 404, 414, 415, 445, 485, 541, 542, 543-544, 588
Stimson, Henry L., 104, 243, 343; accuses
Senator Wheeler of near-treason, 120; and aid to Russia, 114, 115; appointment of, as Secretary of War, 38, 39, 350, 513; asked to report on use of colleges for war purposes, 464; and atomic project, 456, 459, 550, 558, 591; and Byrnes, 364; as Cabinet member throughout F.D.R.’s tenure, 494; and Madame Chiang Kai-shek, 376; consulted by F.D.R. on defense and postwar research, 251, 465; diary of, 60, 157, 351, 451; disapproves of appointment of Justice Douglas as defense chief, 194; on discrimination in the Army, 265, 266, 471-472; extolled by F.D.R. for internationalism, 526; favors centralization of control over defense supply, 53; favors stalling the Japanese, 150; eulogy of F.D.R., 611; favors national-service law, 432, 433; as head of Office of Production Management, 51, 52; influence on F.D.R., 23, 57-58; as an internationalist, 40, 526; on internment of Japanese-Americans, 215, 216, 463; and La Guardia’s commission, 491-492; and MacArthur, 157, 176, 207, 208; meets with Churchill in London, 389, 392; and new weapon development, 343, 344, 345-346; opinion of Hopkins, 60; opposed to seizure of striking nondefense industry, 454; ordered by F.D.R. to draft striking miners, 337; ordered by F.D.R. to guard defense plants, 163; ordered by F.D.R. to seize and operate striking railroads, 338; ordered by F.D.R. to seize Montgomery Ward plant, 455; at Pentagon meeting re Portugal, 352; persuades F.D.R. to support U.S. shelters for refugee Jews, 442; pleads for drafting women into the Army, 461; presses for cross-channel assault, 229-230, 235, 236, 392, 393, 545; presses for stepped-up aid to Britain, 25, 38, 45, 48, 65, 66, 89, 91, 101, 103, 180; report of, at first Cabinet meeting in 1945, 560; on F.D.R. as administrator, 351-352, 451; as F.D.R.’s “assistant president,” 452; Secretary of War, 23; sees fight against Nazism as battle with moral purpose, vii, 272; silences criticism by Hershey on demobilization, 528; skeptical of feasibility of TORCH, 287; supports Stilwell plan, 376, 377; on treatment of Germany after surrender, 519-520, 521; supports plan to establish base in Australia, 204; telephones F.D.R. about Japanese troop movements, 156; threatens to resign, 182; tries to persuade Morgenthau of value of Darlan deal, 296, 297; urges declaration of war against Germany as well as against Japan, 164; urges F.D.R. to concentrate on business side of munitions making, 193; urges F.D.R. to exert leadership, 86, 89, 90, 91, 92, 99, 109, 133, 151, 392, 393; warned of Japan’s propaganda effort in the Philippines, 379; welcomes F.D
.R. in Washington after fourth-term election victory, 532
Stone, Donald, 452
Stone, Harlan, 122, 259, 562
Straight, Michael, 360
Strassman, Fritz, 249
Strikes: Allis-Chalmers plant, 56; law toprevent striking proposed by F.D.R., 424; miners’, 117, 194, 195, 335, 336-337; at one-third of prewar level in 1944, 465; racial, 462; F.D.R. discusses with Dos Passos, 468; threatened railroad, 338; wildcat strike at Los Angeles plants of North American Aviation Co., 117. See also Labor; Unions
Strout, Richard, 165
Submarine warfare: American submarines, 87; German U-boats, 10, 12, 65, 69, 72, 89, 91, 106, 147, 243-245, 255, 288, 308, 309, 327, 346, 368
Subversive activities, 594. See also Communism, in the U.S.; Saboteurs; Sedition trials
Suckley, Margaret, 254, 599, 600
Suez Canal, 406, 567, 579
Sugiyama, Hajime, 137-138, 154
Sukarno, Achmed, 218
Sullivan, Mark, 201
Sumatra, 202, 209, 444, 592
Supply Priorities and Allocations Board
(SPAB), 151, 172, 191, 193
Supreme Court, appointment of Chief Justice, 122
Surigao Strait, 540
Suzuki, Teiichi, 154
Sweden, 308
Switzerland, 109, 585, 587, 596
Swope, Herbert Bayard, 299
Sword Beach, 474
Synthetic-rubber program, 258
Syracuse, 393
Syria, 77, 397
Szilard, Leo, 249, 250, 591
Taber, John, 37
Tacoma, Wash., 269
Taft, Robert A., 37, 47, 49, 111, 132, 142, 216, 275, 426, 429, 430, 528
Taft, William Howard, 39
Taiwan, 404
Tanks, production of, 268
Taranto, 394
Tarawa, 443
Tardini, Monsignor Domenico, 152
Tass, 95
Taxation: Congressional apathy re, 257, 259, 260, 262, 363, 364, 433, 437, 510; excess-profits tax, 121, 256-257, 262, 307; excise tax, 262; graduated income tax, 257; Morgenthau feuds with Byrnes over, 363-364, 561; pay-as-you-go income tax, 363; personal income tax, 121, 257, 262, 363; to prevent inflation, 256; reduction of personal exemptions, 257, 262; retail sales tax, 257; tax reform, 121, 257, 560; voluntary vs. compulsory savings policy, 257. See also Social Security
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