Appetite for America

by Stephen Fried

  “The Howard Johnson vogue”: Advertisement in Hartford Courant, May 28, 1938.

  CHAPTER 42: PRIVATE PRINGLE TO THE RESCUE

  “with the greatest respect”: Rankin to Byron Harvey on Major Pictures Corporation stationery, misdated Oct. 22, 1926 (but marked received at Fred Harvey offices in Chicago Oct. 24, 1936). Found in the voluminous files of a lawsuit between Fred Harvey and the owners of a Philadelphia restaurant called Harvey House, JKC.

  Susannah Was a Lady: Original titles and stars from the file of a lawsuit against the film company by the author of a magazine story, who claimed the movie was based on his piece. See Funkhouser v. Lowe’s, Inc., United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit, 208 F.2d 185, Dec. 11, 1953. Rehearing denied Jan. 5, 1954, paragraph 5; also, George H. Reed to Byron Harvey, Nov. 7, 1936, Harold Belt file on Harvey Girls movie, CLC.

  “perfectly legitimate”: Head to Byron Harvey Jr., Nov. 11, 1936, and Byron Harvey Jr. to Byron Harvey Sr., Nov. 12, 1936, Harold Belt file, CLC.

  revolutionary china pattern: Information on Mimbreño from Richard Luckin’s exhaustive Mimbres to Mimbreño.

  “newest rendezvous in town”: “Hedda Hopper’s Hollywood,” LAT, May 17, 1939, p. 12.

  “a rolling nightmare”: Bryant, History of the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway, p. 336.

  “The newspaper announced”: Emporia Daily Gazette, Jan. 31, 1940, p. 4.

  “I have a hunch”: Kennedy, Samuel Hopkins Adams and the Business of Writing, p. 205, citing Adams’s papers and Bennett Cerf’s book At Random (a memoir that, on p. 170, gives the impression that Cerf conjured the idea of the Harvey Girls book himself, unprompted by the movie project, after a meeting with Byron). Kennedy’s book also is the source for material about the writer’s dealings with the Harveys.

  “It really changed the Harvey standard”: Quoted in Poling-Kempes, Harvey Girls, pp. 198–99.

  specify “colored” seating: Author interview with Russell Crump as we looked at these blueprints in his archive.

  “Although they hired”: Quoted in Poling-Kempes, Harvey Girls, p. 198.

  “Victory will come SOONER”: At bottom of “KP? Not for Private Pringle!” advertisement in Life, Dec. 20, 1943, p. 57.

  CHAPTER 43: THE SPIES AT LA FONDA

  “I just put it in my pocket”: Quoted in Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb, p. 477.

  “electromagnetic gun”: Conant, 109 East Palace, p. 131.

  “Every once in a while”: Badash, Hirschfelder, and Broida, Reminiscences of Los Alamos, p. 86.

  CHAPTER 44: BIG HOLLYWOOD ENDING

  “a nice, lyrical quality to it”: Furia, Skylark, p. 156.

  They planned to oversee the picture: The behind-the-scenes micromanagement of the picture by Byron is recreated from company correspondence and author interview with film historian John Fricke, who also did the excellent liner notes to the 1996 rerelease of the film’s complete soundtrack.

  “Does anybody understand”: Quoted in Fricke, liner notes, p. 5.

  “They’re going to make me look like an idiot”: Furia, Skylark, p. 156.

  “there will be no slip-up”: Byron Harvey to “Mr. Wendell,” memo, June 1, 1945, CLC.

  “Now we are all sons of bitches”: Quoted in Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb, p. 675.

  “Hiroshima has been destroyed”: Quoted in Rhodes, Ibid., p. 735.

  EPILOGUE

  They got as far as Gallup: This sad trip, the end of the Fred Harvey eating house empire, was recounted by eyewitness Harry Briscoe in my correspondence with him, and also in his book, Watching the Trains Go By.

  “Beef stew? For God’s sake!”: This quote recounted in Broggie, Walt Disney’s Railroad Story, p. 62; this book, with in-depth interviews with Kimball, was a primary source for this section, esp. pp. 51–66.

  “I can’t figure out why”: Ibid., p. 68.

  “Mortimer is too pompous”: Ibid., p. 67.

  “Mickey Mouse Park”: Ibid., p. 88.

  “an almost destructive”: Author interview with Daggett Harvey Jr.

  “shore it up”: Author correspondence with Stewart Harvey Jr.

  “There is such a thing”: Grattan, Mary Colter, p. 111.

  APPENDIX I

  “This new blue streak”: Emporia Gazette, May 13, 1936.

  “When the railroad connected”: Poling-Kempes, Harvey Girls, p. 184.

  if you want a room at El Tovar: The phone number is 888–297–2757. Start dialing now. And don’t be discouraged, because for the first hour or two, it’s mostly people trying to reserve the handful of rooms at the floor of the canyon at Phantom Ranch. If you get through in the first two or three hours, you’ll probably get what you want.

  BIBLIOGRAPHY

  Adair, John. The Navajo and Pueblo Silversmiths. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1944.

  Additon, Henrietta A. “Work Among Delinquent Women and Girls.” War Relief Work 79 (1918).

  Albright, Horace M., and Marian A. Schenck. Creating the National Park Service: The Missing Years. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999.

  Amsden, Charles A. Navaho Weaving, Its Technic and History. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1949.

  Babcock, Barbara. “A New Mexican ‘Rebecca’: Imaging Pueblo Women.” Journal of the Southwest 32 (1990).

  Badash, Lawrence, Joseph O. Hirschfelder, and Herbert P. Broida. Reminiscences of Los Alamos. Boston: Reidel, 1980.

  Bain, David. Empire Express: Building the First Transcontinental Railroad. New York: Viking, 1999.

  Bancroft, Frederic. Slave-Trading in the Old South. Baltimore: J. H. Furst Company, 1931.

  Barry, John M. The Great Influenza: The Epic Story of the Deadliest Plague in History. New York: Penguin, 2005.

  Beard, George M. “The Nature and Treatment of Neurasthenia (Nervous Exhaustion), Hysteria, Spinal Irritation, and Allied Neuroses.” Medical Letter 12 (1877).

  ________. “Neurasthenia or Nervous Exhaustion.” Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 3, no. 13 (1869).

  ________. A Practical Treatise on Nervous Exhaustion (Neurasthenia): Its Symptoms, Nature, Sequences, Treatment. 2nd ed. New York: E. B. Treat, 1888.

  ________. Practical Treatise on Nervous Exhaustion. 3rd ed. New York: E. B. Treat, 1894.

  Beebe, Lucius. High Iron: A Book of Trains. New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1938.

  ________. Mansions on Rails. Berkeley, Calif.: Howell-North, 1959.

  ________. Mr. Pullman’s Elegant Palace Car. Garden City, NY.: Doubleday, 1961.

  Beisner, Robert L. “‘Commune’ in East Aurora.” American Heritage 22 (1971).

  Berke, Arnold. Mary Colter: Architect of the Southwest. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2002.

  “Billy the Kid, Making of a Hero.” Western Folklore 32, no. 2 (April 1973).

  Bingham, Hiram. An Explorer in the Air Service. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1920.

  Blanchard, Leola H. Conquest of Southwest Kansas: A History and Thrilling Stories of Frontier Life in the State of Kansas. Wichita, Kans.: Wichita Eagle Press, 1931.

  Blomberg, Nancy J. Navajo Textiles: The William Randolph Hearst Collection. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1988.

  Bokovoy, Matthew F. The San Diego World’s Fairs and Southwestern Memory, 1880–1940. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2005.

  Bowman, Jon, ed. Montezuma: The Castle in the West. Santa Fe, N.M.: New Mexico Magazine, 2002.

  Brey, William. “Carbutt and the Union Pacific’s Grand Excursion to the 100th Meridian.” Stereo World, May–June 1980.

  Briscoe, Harry. Watching the Trains Go By: A Narrative of a Santa Fe Railway Man. Midwest City, Okla.: Santa Fe Railway Historical and Modeling Society, 2005.

  Brodsky, Alyn. Grover Cleveland: A Study in Character. New York: St. Martin’s, 2000.

  Broggie, Michael. Walt Disney’s Railroad Story: The Small-Scale Fascination That Led to a Full-Scale Kingdom. Pasadena, Calif.: Pentrex, 1997.

  Brown, Karen A.,
and Nancy L. Hyer. “Archeological Benchmarking: Fred Harvey and the Service Profit Chain, Circa 1876.” Journal of Operations Management 25 (2007).

  Brown, Michael F. Who Owns Native Culture? Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2004.

  Bryant, Keith L. “The Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway and the Development of the Taos and Santa Fe Art Colonies.” Western Historical Quarterly 9 (1978).

  ________. History of the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway. New York: Macmillan, 1974.

  Cerf, Bennett. At Random. New York: Random House, 2002.

  Chappell, Gordon. The Railway at Grand Canyon. San Francisco: National Park Service, 1986.

  Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. “Centennial of First U.S. Railway Car.” Press release, June 15, 1962.

  Collins, Paul F. Tales of an Old Air-Faring Man: A Half Century of Incidents, Accidents, and Providence, the Reminiscences of Paul F. Collins. Stevens Point, Wis.: UWSP Foundation Press, 1983.

  Colter, Mary. Manual for Drivers and Guides Descriptive of the Indian Watchtower at Desert View and Its Relations, Architecturally, to the Prehistory Ruins of the Southwest. Grand Canyon National Park, Ariz.: Fred Harvey, 1933.

  Conant, Jennet. 109 East Palace. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005.

  Crumbine, Samuel. Frontier Doctor: The Autobiography of a Pioneer on the Frontier of Public Health. Philadelphia: Dorrance, 1948.

  Cullinan, Gerald. The United States Postal Service. New York: Praeger, 1973.

  Curtin, Patricia. “Fred Harvey Company Public Relations and Publicity (1876–1933).” Journal of Communication Management, 12, no. 4 (2008).

  Cutler, William G., ed. History of the State of Kansas. Chicago: A. T. Andreas, 1883.

  de Beauvoir, Simone. America Day by Day. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.

  Drowne, Kathleen M., and Patrick Huber. The 1920s. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 2004.

  Dyer, Frank L., and Thomas C. Martin. Edison: His Life and Inventions. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1910.

  Evans, Max. Madam Millie: Bordellos from Silver City to Ketchikan. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2004.

  Falconer, Martha P. “The Segregation of Delinquent Women and Girls as a War Problem.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences 79 (1918).

  Fergusson, Erna. Our Southwest. New York: Knopf, 1940.

  Ferrell, Robert H. Harry S. Truman: A Life. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1996.

  Finck, Henry T. Food and Flavor. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1913.

  Fisher, M. F. K. From the Journals of M. F. K. Fisher. New York: Pantheon, 1999.

  Fitzgerald, F. Scott, and James West (editor). My Lost City: Personal Essays 1920–1940 (The Cambridge Edition of the Works of F. Scott Fitzgerald V. 4). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

  Fred Harvey Company. El Tovar: Grand Canyon of Arizona. 1909.

  Fricke, John. Liner notes. Harvey Girls. 1996.

  Furia, Philip. Skylark: The Life and Times of Johnny Mercer. New York: St. Martin’s, 2003.

  Giles, Frye W. Thirty Years in Topeka: A Historical Sketch. Topeka, Kans.: G. W. Crane, 1886.

  Gould, Emerson W. Fifty Years on the Mississippi; or, Gould’s History of River Navigation. Saint Louis: Nixon-Jones, 1889.

  Grattan, Virginia L. Mary Colter: Builder upon the Red Earth. Flagstaff, Ariz.: Northland Press, 1980.

  Hahn, Emily. “Till the Well Runs Dry.” New Yorker, Oct. 23, 1965.

  Harvey, Fred. Hospitality by Fred Harvey Cookbook.

  “Harvey House History.” City of Florence, Kansas. www.florenceks.com/text/local/local_ hh-history.htm.

  Harwood, Herbert H. Invisible Giants: The Empires of Cleveland’s Van Sweringen Brothers. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002.

  Haywood, C. R. Trails South: The Wagon-Road Economy in the Dodge City–Panhandle Region. Meade, Kans.: Prairie Books, 2006.

  Heineke, Janelle, and Mark M. Davis. “The Emergence of Service Operations Management as an Academic Discipline.” Journal of Operations Management 24 (2007).

  Henderson, Harold L. “Frederick Henry Harvey.” Master’s thesis, University of Kansas City, 1942.

  Henderson, James D. “Meals by Fred Harvey: A Phenomenon of the American West.” Master’s thesis, University of Arizona, 1965.

  Hines, Walker D. War History of American Railroads. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1978.

  Hogan, David G. Selling ’Em by the Sack: White Castle and the Creation of American Food. New York: New York University Press, 1997.

  Howard, Kathleen L. “‘A Most Remarkable Success’: Herman Schweizer and the Fred Harvey Indian Department.” In The Great Southwest of the Fred Harvey Company and the Santa Fe Railway. Edited by Marta Weigle and Barbara A. Babcock. Phoenix: Heard Museum, 1996.

  Howard, Kathleen L., and Diana F. Pardue. Inventing the Southwest: The Fred Harvey Company and Native American Art. Flagstaff, Ariz.: Northland, 1996.

  Howes, Cecil. “Pistol Packin’ Pencil Pushers.” Kansas Historical Quarterly 13, no. 2 (1944).

  Hughes, Johnson D., and Timothy J. Priehs. In the House of Stone and Light: A Human History of the Grand Canyon. Grand Canyon, Ariz.: Grand Canyon Natural History Association, 1978.

  Hughes, J. P. Fort Leavenworth: Gateway to the West. Topeka, Kans.: Kansas City Historical Society, 2000.

  Hungerford, Edward. “The Dining Room That Is Two Thousand Miles Long.” MS.

  Ingham, John N. Biographical Dictionary of American Business Leaders. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983.

  Jarman, Rufus. “Big Boom in Boston.” American Heritage 20, no. 6 (1969).

  Johnson, Emory R., and Thurman W. Van Metre. Principles of Railroad Transportation. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1919.

  Jones, Billy M. Health-Seekers in the Southwest, 1817–1900. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1967.

  Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, etc. Vol. 3. Chicago: Standard Publishing, 1912.

  Kearny County Historical Society. History of Kearny County, Kansas. Lakin, Kans., 1964-.

  Kennedy, Samuel V. Samuel Hopkins Adams and the Business of Writing. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1909.

  Klingaman, William K. 1929: The Year of the Great Crash. New York: Harper & Row, 1989.

  Kurlansky, Mark. The Big Oyster: History on the Half Shell. New York: Ballantine Books, 2006.

  Langdon, Philip. Orange Roofs, Golden Arches: The Architecture of American Chain Restaurants. New York: Knopf, 1986.

  Laroche, Michel, and H. G. Parsa. “Brand Management in Hospitality: An Empirical Test of the Brisoux-Laroche Model.” Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research 24 (2000).

  Larson, Erik. Isaac’s Storm. New York: Crown, 1999.

  ________. Devil in the White City. New York: Crown, 2003.

  Leavenworth City Directory. 1865–1890.

  Leyendecker, Liston E. Palace Car Prince. Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1992.

  Loudon, Irvine. Death in Childbirth: An International Study of Maternal Care and Maternal Mortality, 1800–1950. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

  Luckin, Richard. Mimbres to Mimbreño: A Study of Santa Fe’s Famous China Pattern. Golden, Colo.: RK, 1992.

  Marshall, James L. Santa Fe: The Railroad That Built an Empire. New York: Random House, 1945.

  McAdoo, William G. Crowded Years: The Reminiscences of William G. McAdoo. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1931.

  Meehan, Charles. The Laws and Practice of the Game of Euchre as Adopted by the Washington, D.C., Euchre Club, by a Professor, One of the Oldest and Most Noted Euchre Players in the United States. Philadelphia: T. B. Peterson and Brothers, 1877.

  Millbrook, Minnie D. “Fred Harvey and the Santa Fe.” The Santa Fe in Topeka, Bulletin of the Shawnee County Historical Society, no. 56 (1979).

  Moore, Henry M. Early History of Leavenworth City and County. Leavenworth, Kans.: Samuel Dodsworth B
ook Co., 1906.

  Morse, Charles F. A Sketch of My Life. Cambridge, Mass.: Riverside Press, 1927.

  Neumann, Mark. On the Rim: Looking for the Grand Canyon. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999.

  New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. Landmarks Preservation Commission Report. 1994.

  Oberholtzer, Ellis P. A History of the United States Since the Civil War. New York: Macmillan, 1917–37.

  Olsen, Russell A. Route 66 Lost and Found: Ruins and Relics Revisited. St. Paul: Voyageur Press, 2006.

  Petersen, William J. Steamboating on the Upper Mississippi. N. Chelmsford, Mass.: Courier Dover Publications, 1996.

  Phillips, David. The Taming of the West. Chicago: Regnery, 1974.

  ________. The West: An American Experience. Chicago: Regnery, 1973.

  Poling-Kempes, Lesley. The Harvey Girls: Women Who Opened the West. New York: Paragon House, 1989.

  Porterfield, James D. Dining by Rail: The History and the Recipes of America’s Golden Age of Railroad Cuisine. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1998.

  Portrait and Biographical Record of Leavenworth, Douglas, and Franklin Counties, Kansas. Chicago: Chapman, 1899.

  Post, Emily. By Motor to the Golden Gate. New York: D. Appleton, 1916.

  Prerau, David. Seize the Daylight: The Curious and Contentious Story of Daylight Saving Time. New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 2006.

  Proceedings of the National Parks Conference … 1911, 1912, 1915, 1917. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1912, 1913, 1916, 1918.

  Purcell-Guild, June. “Study of One Hundred and Thirty-one Delinquent Girls Held at the Juvenile Detention Home in Chicago, 1917.” Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology 10 (1919).

  Pyle, Ernie. Home Country. New York: William Sloane Associates, 1947.

  Pyne, Stephen. How the Canyon Became Grand. New York: Viking, 1998.

  Recent Social Trends in the United States: Report of the President’s Research Committee on Social Trends. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1933.

  Rezneck, Samuel. “Distress Relief and Discontent in the United States During the Depression of 1873–1878.” Journal of Political Economy 58 (1950).

  Rhodes, Richard. The Making of the Atomic Bomb. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986.