by Ben Hughes
66. Cundall, The Governors of Jamaica, 131–139.
67. Council Meeting Minutes, 16, 18, 21 January 1692, CO 140/5.
68. Stern, Portuguese Sephardim in the Americas; Galante, Port Royal.
69. The President and Council of Jamaica to Lords of Trade and Plantations, 8 January 1692, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 13, 1689–1692, 583–596.
70. Musgrave to Blathwayt, 2/3 February 1692, Blathwayt papers, vol. 27, folder 1.
71. Swetschinski and Schönduve, De familie Lopes Suasso, financiers van Willem III; Stern, Portuguese Sephardim in the Americas; Galante, Port Royal.
72. George Reeve to Lord Sydney, 3 February 1692, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 13, 1689–1692, 597–605.
73. Council Meeting Minutes, 4 and 5 February 1692, CO 140/5.
74. Council Meeting Minutes, 2 March 1692, 6 April 1692, CO 140/5.
75. Council Meeting Minutes, April 1692, CO 140/5.
76. HMS Guernsey Log, 15 April 1692, ADM 52/38; Ship Arrivals, Port Royal, CO142/13, folio 105; Joseph Norris to Isaac Norris, 30 April 1692, Norris Letters, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
77. Joseph Norris to Isaac Norris, 30 April 1692, Norris Letters, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
78. HMS Guernsey Log, 30 April and 1 May 1692, ADM 52/38; Musgrave to Blathwayt, 1 May 1692, Blathwayt Papers, vol. 27, folder 1.
79. Philosophical Transactions, 17 (1693), 89.
80. Buisseret (ed.), Jamaica in 1687, 118–120.
CHAPTER 7: A DISMAL CALAMITY
1. Pawson, Port Royal, 1–6; Sloane, A Voyage to the Islands, xlvii.
2. Sloane, A Voyage to the Islands, xlv–xlvii.
3. Philosophical Transactions, 17 (1693), 89.
4. Council Meeting Minutes, 28 May 1692, CO 140/5, folios 187–188; HMS Guernsey Log, May-June 1692, ADM 52/38.
5. Jamaican Council to Lords of Trade, 18 June 1692, CO 140/5, folios 209–210.
6. Ship Arrivals, Port Royal, CO 142/13, folios 102, 109; Ruding and Barnard to RAC, 25 April 1692, T70/12, folios 47–48;
7. HMS Guernsey Log, 20 May 1692, ADM 52/38.
8. Council Meeting Minutes, 7 June 1692, CO 140/5, folio 196.
9. Letter from Jamaica, 20 June 1692, in Philosophical Transactions, 17 (1693), 83.
10. Report of John Uffgress, reproduced in Marx, Sunken City, 21–22.
11. Cadbury, “Quakers and the Earthquake at Port Royal, 1692.”
12. Account of Dr. Emmanuel Heath, reproduced in Philotheus, A True and Particular History of Earthquakes, 57–59.
13. Pawson, Port Royal, 165–168.
14. Letter from Jamaica, 20 June 1692, reproduced in Philosophical Transactions, 17 (1693), 83.
15. Account of Dr. Emmanuel Heath, reproduced in Philotheus, A True and Particular History of Earthquakes, 57–59.
16. Samuel Barnard to RAC, 17 June 1692, T70/12, folios 47–48; Edmund Edlyne to Blathwayt, Jamaica, 20 June 1692, in Jamaican Historical Review 8, 60–62.
17. Quoted in Renny, A History of Jamaica, 223.
18. Cadbury, “Quakers and the Earthquake at Port Royal, 1692.”
19. Report of Anonymous Merchant, reproduced in Marx, Sunken City, 22.
20. Cadbury, “Quakers and the Earthquake at Port Royal, 1692.”
21. The Truest and Largest Account of the Late Earthquake in Jamaica; Pawson, Port Royal, 165–168.
22. Account of Dr. Emmanuel Heath, reproduced in Philotheus, A True and Particular History of Earthquakes, 57–59.
23. Report of John Uffgress, reproduced in Marx, Sunken City, 21–22.
24. Philosophical Transactions, 415.
25. Cadbury, “Quakers and the Earthquake at Port Royal, 1692”; Journal of the Institute of Jamaica, Volume I, 147–150.
26. Smith, A Natural History of Nevis, 62–63.
27. Report of John Uffgress, reproduced in Marx, Sunken City, 21–22.
28. Account of Dr. Emmanuel Heath, reproduced in Philotheus, A True and Particular History of Earthquakes, 57–59.
29. Report of John Uffgress, reproduced in Marx, Sunken City, 21–22.
30. Barnard to RAC, 17 June 1692, T70/12, folios 47–48; Marx, Sunken City, 163–164.
31. Edmund Edlyne to Blathwayt, Jamaica, 20 June 1692, reproduced in Jamaican Historical Review, volume 8, 60–62; Council Meeting Minutes, 20 June 1692, CO 140/5; Journal of the Institute of Jamaica, Volume I, 147–150.
32. HMS Swan Pay Roll, ADM 33/143.
33. Accounts from Philosophical Transactions.
34. Account of Dr. Emmanuel Heath, reproduced in Philotheus, A True and Particular History of Earthquakes, 57–59.
35. Accounts from Philosophical Transactions.
36. HMS Guernsey Log, 7 June 1692, ADM 52/38.
37. Accounts from Philosophical Transactions.
38. The Truest and Largest Account of the Late Earthquake in Jamaica.
39. Cadbury, “Quakers and the Earthquake at Port Royal, 1692”; Journal of the Institute of Jamaica, Volume I, 147–150.
40. Accounts from Philosophical Transactions.
41. Account of Dr. Emmanuel Heath, reproduced in Philotheus, A True and Particular History of Earthquakes, 57–59.
42. Account of the Late Earthquake in Jamaica; The Truest and Largest Account of the Late Earthquake in Jamaica; Cadbury, “Quakers and the Earthquake at Port Royal, 1692.”
43. Account of Dr. Emmanuel Heath, reproduced in Philotheus, A True and Particular History of Earthquakes, 57–59; Accounts from Philosophical Transactions, 412.
44. Report of John Uffgress, reproduced in Marx, Sunken City, 21–22.
45. Account of Dr. Emmanuel Heath, reproduced in Philotheus, A True and Particular History of Earthquakes, 57–59.
46. The Truest and Largest Account of the Late Earthquake in Jamaica.
47. Account of Dr. Emmanuel Heath, reproduced in Philotheus, A True and Particular History of Earthquakes, 57–59.
48. The Truest and Largest Account of the Late Earthquake in Jamaica; Account of Dr. Emmanuel Heath, reproduced in Philotheus, A True and Particular History of Earthquakes, 57–59.
49. The Truest and Largest Account of the Late Earthquake in Jamaica; Account of Dr. Emmanuel Heath, reproduced in Philotheus, A True and Particular History of Earthquakes, 57–59; Report of John Uffgress, reproduced in Marx, Sunken City, 21– 22; Accounts from Philosophical Transactions; Cadbury, “Quakers and the Earthquake at Port Royal, 1692”; J. A. Wale letter, 1692, quoted in Foster, Jamaica: The Postal History, 4; Edmund Edlyne to Blathwayt, Jamaica, 20 June 1692, reproduced in Jamaican Historical Review, 8 (1971), 60–62; Journal of the Institute of Jamaica, I, 147–150.
50. The Truest and Largest Account of the Late Earthquake in Jamaica.
51. The Truest and Largest Account of the Late Earthquake in Jamaica.
52. Cadbury, “Quakers and the Earthquake at Port Royal, 1692.”
53. Account of Dr. Emmanuel Heath, reproduced in Philotheus, A True and Particular History of Earthquakes, 57–59.
54. Report of John Uffgress, reproduced in Marx, Sunken City, 21–22.
55. Account of Dr. Emmanuel Heath, reproduced in Philotheus, A True and Particular History of Earthquakes, 57–59; Report of John Uffgress, reproduced in Marx, Sunken City, 21–22; The Truest and Largest Account of the Late Earthquake in Jamaica.
56. Cadbury, “Quakers and the Earthquake at Port Royal, 1692.”
57. Account of Dr. Emmanuel Heath, reproduced in Philotheus, A True and Particular History of Earthquakes, 57–59; Report of John Uffgress, reproduced in Marx, Sunken City, 21–22; The Truest and Largest Account of the Late Earthquake in Jamaica.
58. Cadbury, “Quakers and the Earthquake at Port Royal, 1692.”
59. Barnett and Wright, The Jews of Jamaica, 6; Cadbury, “Quakers and the Earthquake at Port Royal, 1692.”
60. Council Meeting Minutes, 14 June 1692, CO 140/5.
61. Council Meeting Minutes, June
1692, CO 140/5; HMS Swan Pay Roll, ADM 33/143.
62. Council Meeting Minutes, 21 June 1692, CO 140/5; HMS Guernsey Log, June 1692, ADM 52/38.
63. Reproduced in Pawson, Port Royal, 66.
64. Sloane, A Voyage to the Islands, 51.
65. Wale letter, 1692, quoted in Foster, Jamaica: The Postal History, 4.
66. Council Meeting Minutes, 28 June 1692, CO 140/5.
67. Cadbury, “Quakers and the Earthquake at Port Royal, 1692.”
CHAPTER 8: INHUMAN BARBARITIES
1. Council Meeting Minutes, 28 June 1692, CO 140/5.
2. Cundall, Governors of Jamaica, 143–165.
3. Dunn, Sugar and Slaves, 296.
4. Beeston to Nottingham, 22 March 1693, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 53 –70.
5. Pawson, Port Royal, 168–170, 177.
6. HMS Swan Pay Roll, ADM 33/143; Council Meeting Minutes, 16 June 1692, CO 140/5, folios 196–198.
7. HMS Swan Pay Roll, ADM 33/143.
8. Admiralty to Neville, February 1694, NMM, ADM 1804/80.
9. Deposition of Captain James Moodie, 1701, reproduced at https://geesnmore.wordpress.com/charles-gee-bridget-neville/neville-family/.
10. Parker, The Sugar Barons, 97–111; Black, History of Jamaica, 51–52; Crouse, French Struggle for the West Indies, 190–196.
11. Beeston to Shrewsbury, 18 August 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 324–341.
12. Beeston to Lords of Trade, 6 November 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 390–399; Crouse, French Struggle for the West Indies, 191–192; Buisseret, “The French Invasion of Jamaica, 1694”; A Narrative of Sir William Beeston of the Descent on Jamaica by the French, in Lewis (ed.), Interesting Tracts, 249–259.
13. Lewis (ed.), Interesting Tracts, 249–259; Beeston to Shrewsbury, 18 August 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 324–341.
14. Lewis (ed.), Interesting Tracts, 249–259; Beeston to Shrewsbury, 18 August 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 324–341.
15. Lewis (ed.), Interesting Tracts, 249–259; Beeston to Shrewsbury, 18 August 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 324–341.
16. Buisseret, “The French Invasion of Jamaica, 1694.”
17. Lewis (ed.), Interesting Tracts, 249–259; Beeston to Shrewsbury, 18 August 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 324–341; Buisseret, “The French Invasion of Jamaica, 1694.”
18. Beeston to Trenchard, 23 June 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 291–301.
19. Beeston to Trenchard, 23 June 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 291–301.
20. Lewis (ed.), Interesting Tracts, 249–259; Beeston to Shrewsbury, 18 August 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 324–341; Buisseret, “The French Invasion of Jamaica, 1694.”
21. Beeston to Trenchard, 2 July 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 301–305; Council Meeting Minutes, 3 July 1694, 301–305.
22. Beeston to Trenchard, 7 July 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 301–305.
23. Lewis (ed.), Interesting Tracts, 249–259; Beeston to Shrewsbury, 18 August 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 324–341; Buisseret, “The French Invasion of Jamaica, 1694.”
24. Lewis (ed.), Interesting Tracts, 249–259; Beeston to Shrewsbury, 18 August 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 324–341; Buisseret, “The French Invasion of Jamaica, 1694.” For details on the Mediterranean, see http://www.slavevoyages.org/voyage/14911/variables.
25. Lewis (ed.), Interesting Tracts, 249–259; Beeston to Shrewsbury, 18 August 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 324–341; Buisseret, “The French Invasion of Jamaica, 1694.”
26. Lewis (ed.), Interesting Tracts, 249–259; Beeston to Shrewsbury, 18 August 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 324–341; Buisseret, “The French Invasion of Jamaica, 1694”; Beeston to Lords of Trade, 7 August 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 315–324.
27. Council Meeting Minutes, 2, 4, 5 August 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 315–324.
28. Lewis (ed.), Interesting Tracts, 249–259; Beeston to Shrewsbury, 18 August 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 324–341; Buisseret, “The French Invasion of Jamaica, 1694”; Beeston to Lords of Trade, 7 August 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 315–324.
29. Beeston to Shrewsbury, 18 August 1694, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 14, 1693–1696, 324–341.
30. Richard Lloyd to the Council of Trade and Plantations, 23 May 1699, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 17, 1699 and Addenda 1621– 1698, 240–249.
31. Buisseret, “The French Invasion of Jamaica, 1694,” 31–33; Parker, The Sugar Barons, 97–111; Black, History of Jamaica, 51–52; Crouse, French Struggle for the West Indies, 190–196.
EPILOGUE
1. Crouse, French Struggle for the West Indies, 196; Marley, Wars of the Americas, volume II, 210.
2. Crouse, French Struggle for the West Indies, 196–211.
3. Captain John Moses, 8 April 1696, ADM 106/492/119; Captain John Moses, 16 September 1696, ADM 106/492/245; Captain John Moses, 11 December 1696, ADM 106/492/301.
4. Crouse, French Struggle for the West Indies, 212–245.
5. Beckford to the Council of Trade and Plantations, 25 August 1702, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 20, 1702, 548–566.
6. Beckford to the Council of Trade and Plantations, 22 September 1702, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 20, 1702, 599–611; Craton, Testing the Chains, 79–80.
7. Price (ed.), Maroon Societies, 260–261; Craton, Testing the Chains, 77–85.
8. Black, Port Royal, 35–37; Pawson, Port Royal, 170.
9. Petition of Peter Beckford, 10 September 1703, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 21, 1702–1703, 662–681.
10. Black, Port Royal, 35–37.
11. Dunn, Sugar and Slaves, 298.
12. Thomas Sutton’s Will, PROB 11/520.
13. Black, Port Royal, 37–40.
14. Lawes to the Council of Trade and Plantations, 20 September 1722, Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volume 33, 1722–1723, 138–152; Atkins, A Voyage to Guinea, 238–242.
15. Price (ed.), Maroon Societies, 260–261; Craton, Testing the Chains, 77–85.
16. Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies, Volumes 33–40.
17. Mair, A Historical Study of Women in Jamaica, 61.
18. Price (ed.), Maroon Societies, 263.
19. Craton, Testing the Chains, 81–85; Price (ed.), Maroon Societies, 263–266.
20. Price (ed.), Maroon Societies, 266.
21. Price (ed.), Maroon Societies, 269.
22. Craton, Testing the Chains, 87–91.
23. Price (ed.), Maroon Societies, 271–274.
24. Quoted in Black, Port Royal, 57–58.
25. Black, Port Royal, 41–62; Pawson, Port Royal, 173–200.
26. Parker, The Sugar Barons, 333–334.
27. Black, History of Jamaica, 87–92; Parker, The Sugar Barons, 345–350.
28. Parker, The Suga
r Barons, 348–357; Black, History of Jamaica, 99–102.
29. Craton, Testing the Chains, 267–321.
30. Parker, The Sugar Barons, 348–357; Black, History of Jamaica, 99–113.
31. Craton, Testing the Chains, 323–334; Black, History of Jamaica, 114–134.
32. http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/January–6-come-again-_13322164.
Bibliography
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National Archives, Kew, London
ADM 33 Admiralty Papers, Ships’ Pay Books
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CO 138/6–7 Colonial Office Papers, In-Letters, Jamaica
CO 140/5 Colonial Office Papers, Jamaican Council Notes
CO 142/13 Colonial Office Papers, Ship Arrivals, Port Royal
PC 2 Privy Council Papers
PROB Last Wills and Testaments
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Account of the Late Earthquake in Jamaica . . . London, 1692.
Atkins, John. A Voyage to Guinea, Brasil, and the West Indies; In His Majesty’s Ships, the Swallow and Weymouth. London, 1735.
Barbot, Jean. Barbot on Guinea: The Writings of Jean Barbot on West Africa, 1678–1712. Charlottesville: University of Virginia/ Hakluyt Society, 1992.
Barnett, Richard D., and Wright, Philip. The Jews of Jamaica: Tombstone Inscriptions, 1663–1880. Jerusalem, 1997.
Behn, Aphra. Oroonoko, or the Royal Slave: A True History. London: Penguin, 2003.
Besse, Joseph. A Collection of the Sufferings of People Called Quakers, Volume 2. London: L. Hinde, 1753.