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NOTES
References to quotations and other cited passages are indicated by the first words of the relevant text or, in a few cases, by the key words.
The seminal papers in Nature on 25 April 1953 by Watson and Crick, Wilkins, Stokes and Wilson, and Franklin and Gosling can also be found in the Critical Edition of The Double Helix, as can Aaron Klug’s analysis of Rosalind’s notebooks, in Nature, in 1968 and 1974. Information on the location of specific collections of papers appears in the Acknowledgements. Letters and memoirs for which no location is given are in Franklin family hands. Where a letter is undated it is identified by its heading, which may include part of a date and/or the address.
The following abbreviations are used frequently in the Notes:
Archives and Private Collections
ARC: Agricultural Research Council
ASA: Anne Sayre Archives, American Society for Microbiology Archives, University of Maryland, Baltimore County
CAC: Churchill Archives Centre, Churchill College, Cambridge University
JNC: Jeremy Norman Collection of Molecular Biology, Novato, California
PA: Linus and Ava Helen Pauling Collection, Oregon State University
PRO: Her Majesty’s Public Record Office, Kew
RS: The Royal Society, London
People
AK: Aaron Klug
AS: Anne Sayre
AW: Adrienne Weill
CF: Colin Franklin
DC: Don Caspar
EF: Ellis Franklin
FHCC: Francis Crick
GCD: Gertrude Clark Dyche
HFJ: Horace Freeland Judson
JC: Jane Callander
JDB: John Desmond Bernal
JDW: James D. Watson
JG: Jenifer (Franklin) Glynn
JTR: John T. Randall
KCH: Kenneth C. Holmes
LP: Linus Pauling
MF: Muriel Franklin
MP: Max Perutz
MW: Maurice Wilkins
PP: Peter Pauling
RF: Rosalind Franklin
RG: Raymond Gosling
UR: Ursula Richley
VL: Vittorio Luzzati
WLB: William Lawrence Bragg
PROLOGUE
‘It has not escaped’: J.D. Watson and F.H.C. Crick, ‘A Structure for Deoxyribonucleic Acid’, p. 737.
‘Our dark lady’: MW to FHCC, ‘Saturday’, 7 Mar. 1953, in Olby, The Path to the Double Helix, p. 414.
‘From the evidence’: A. Klug, ‘Rosalind Franklin and the Discovery of the Structure of DNA’, pp. 808-10, 843-4. See also, Crick, in A. Sayre, Rosalind Franklin & DNA, p. 214.
‘As a scientist’: J.D. Bernal, ‘Obituary, Rosalind Franklin’, Nature.
PART ONE
ONE Once in Royal David’s City
‘known as The Cousinhood’: C. Bermant The Cousinhood, p. 1 and S. Brook, The Club, p. 33.
‘Benjamin Wolf Franklin lived in the City’: A.E. Franklin, Records of the Franklin Family and Collaterals.
‘Keyser’s, a source of employment’: Bermant, op. cit., p. 282.
‘bought the house of George Routledge’: ibid.; author’s interview with Norman Franklin; CF to author, 5 Sep. 2001.
‘Rosalind’s parents’: M. Franklin, Portrait of Ellis, p. 63.
‘The whole idea’: EF to CC, 24 Dec. 1944, ibid., p. 267.
‘It may appear strange’: A.E. Franklin, Records, p. 4.
‘the Franklins, as he saw them’: ‘The idea that we were descended from King David was always a point of family badinage’, CF to author, 8 Oct. 2001.
‘a fair proportion’: A.E. Franklin, op. cit., p. x.
‘Handed over’: the memo dated 30 June 1920, is reproduced in H.F. Bentwich, If I Forget Thee, p. 170, and the event well described in T. Segev, One Palestine, Complete, p. 155 and p. I55n., who says that the light-hearted memo was Bols’s joking revenge for Samuel’s parody of his appointments list on I Apr.; also, that Samuel always insisted that the receipt was a joke, not an administrative document. It was sold at an auction in New York many years later for $5,000.
‘granted self-government’: Segev, op. cit., pp. 34-5. The actual memo, ‘The Future of Palestine’, 21 Jan. 1915, is in the Cabinet Office papers at the PRO, CAB 37/123/43.
‘The Jewish brain’: ibid., p. 35.
‘which may prejudice’: ibid., pp. 34-5.
‘Somehow Englishmen’: from a book of parliamentary sketches published in 1871, in ‘Simon Hoggart’s Diary’, Guardian, Review, 30 Sep. 2000.
‘a curious illustration’: H.H. Asquith to Venetia Stanley, 28 Jan., 1915, in B. Wasserstein, Herbert Samuel, p. 210.
‘in this reign’: C.
Dickens, A Child’s History, p. 151.
‘not our kind of Jew’: H. Cooper and P. Morrison, A Sense of Belonging, pp. 71-4, 78, 82.
‘the hidden discourse of the Jews’: UR: Ursula RichleyWLB: William Lawrence Bragg VL: Vittorio Luzzati S. Gilmer, p. 214.
‘Intermarriage’: ibid., p. 258 and pp. 288-9; Charcot, Freud’s teacher, in I888 published the view that inbreeding was the cause of the higher incidence of insanity among Jews.
‘Jewish heart’: W. Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, Act iv. i.
‘raven-tressed’: Sir W. Scott, Ivanhoe, pp. 92, 99.
‘The Jew is everywhere’: J. Buchan, The Thirty-Nine Steps, p. 18.
‘a very charming’: Rebecca West to Letitia Fairfield, 3 Apr. 1927, B. Kime Scott (ed.), Selected Letters, p. 91.
‘How odd/of God’ was composed by the British journalist William Norman Ewer (1885-1976).
‘assumption of false names’: H. Belloc in A. Julius, ‘England’s Gifts to Jew Hatred’, pp. 11-14.
‘Rooting out the Jew’: ibid.
‘Jews succeed against the grain’: ibid.
‘so very outspokenly’: J. Glynn, Tidings from Zion, p. 42.
‘a young man with long yellow hair’: ibid., p. 52.
‘I’m sure we don’t’: ibid., p. 54.
‘unusual course ... I trust’: P. Fletcher-Jones, The Jews of Britain, p. 145. Although the House cheered Salomons, having repeatedly voted to admit Jewish members only to be overruled by the conservative House of Lords, he was removed as a trespasser. Not until 1858 did the Jewish Relief Act open Parliament to Jews by allowing them to omit the words ‘the true Faith of a Christian’ from the oath. Then Salomons, who in the interval become the first Jewish Lord Mayor of London, and Baron Lionel de Rothschild, who had been elected several times since 1847, took their seats.
‘I like Europe’: RF to parents, 29 Oct. 195°.
TWO ‘Alarmingly Clever’
‘Ellis would lead’: details of Ellis’s background, war experience and family life are from M. Franklin, Portrait.
‘we lived like’: L.H.L. Cohen to author, 8 Dec. 1999.
‘We are enjoying’, Helen Bentwich to Norman Bentwich, 22 Aug. 1926.
‘In 1926 British women had enjoyed the vote’, if they were over thirty. The vote had been extended to women over thirty in 1918 when it was granted to men over twenty-one; women did not achieve equality with men in voting age until 1928.
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