Rosalind Franklin

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Rosalind Franklin Page 40

by Brenda Maddox


  Crick, Odile 158, 185, 186, 268—9, 314

  Croatian Chemical Society 237

  Croatian Physical Society 237

  Cromwell, Oliver 9

  Curie, Marie 66, 92, 134

  Curie, Pierre 92

  crystallography 47, 56—7, 63, 87—8; conferences 147; disordered matter 87 —8, 303; Patterson function analysis 168—70; space groups 56, 57, 175, 188, 199; see also X-ray crystallography

  Daily Telegraph 312

  Dainton, Fred 63—4, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 77, 267

  David, Elizabeth 139

  Davidson, J.M. 201

  Delbrück, Max 142, 158, 177, 224

  Desmaroux, J. 110

  Deuxième Sexe, Le (de Beauvoir) 101

  De Valera, Eamon 122

  Dickens, Charles 8—9

  Dictionary of Scientific Biography 178

  Dior, Christian 93

  Disraeli, Benjamin 7, 8

  DNA xix-xx, 119—24; ‘A’ and ‘B’ forms 153, 155, 162, 168, 176—9, 184— 5, 190, 192, 195, 199, 201, 317; Astbury’s model 120— i, 136, 143; Avery’s work on 120—2, 136; base pairs 202—4, 210, 350n; bases 120, 123, 182, 183, 190, 201, 202—3; Chargaff ratios 182, 183, 190, 196, 202; copying mechanism xix, 203 —4, 210, 212, 225; Crick and Watson’s work on xix-xx, 159—60, 164—5, 196—9, 201—5; crystalline 142; double helix structure xix, 190, 197, 199, 201, 203, 222, 313; Furberg’s model 136, 143; and genetic inheritance 136, 158; Gosling’s X-ray pictures of 129—30; helical structure 130, 143, 149, 151—2, 157, 159, 162—3, 164, 170, 176, 178—9, 182, 184—5, 193, 199, 326; importance of 200; keto and enol 201, 202, 204; King’s colloquium on 162—3; model-building 159, 161–2, 164–5, 170, 177, 186, 189, 190, 197—8; Pauling-Corey paper on 188, 190—2; reversible hydration of 144, 145; RF’s X-ray work on xix, 143—5, 153—5, 168—70, 177—88 183—5, 188, 195—9, 247, 308, 316; scepticism over Crick-Watson model 224; sources and preparation of 156—7; space group 175, 188, 199, 202, 224; Wilkins’ work on xx, 114, 129—30, 141—2, 149, 152—5; X-ray photographs of 142, 151, 156, 178, 196—7, 34on

  Donohue, Jerry 186, 201, 202, 204, 209

  Doty, Paul 156

  Double Helix, The (Watson) 160fn, 196, 204, 311 —15; epilogue 312; moral dilemma of 314—18; portrayal of RF xx, 163, 190, 193—4, 277, 311 —12, 317 —18; reviews 313

  Douglas, Margaret 28

  Dublin 122, 145

  Dulbecco, Renato 277

  Dunitz, Jack 175fn

  Dyche, Peggy (nee Clark) 49, 64, 300, 305—7

  Eady, Wilfred 38

  Ecole de Physique et Chimie, Paris 92, 103

  Economist 99

  Edward VIII, King 34—5

  Ehrenberg, Werner 130, 298; Ehrenberg-Spear X-ray tube 130, 143, 219

  Einstein, Albert 32

  Eisenstadter, Evi, see Ellis, E.

  Eliot, T.S. 10—11

  Elizabeth, the Queen Mother 21

  Ellis, Evi 39, 78, 80, 113, 260—1

  Ellis family 244

  Ellmann, Mary 313

  Endowed Schools Act (1869) 31

  English Heritage 322

  Fabian Society 229

  Fankuchen, Isidore 220, 229, 243

  Faraday, Michael 132

  Faraday Society III, 304

  Fell, Honor 133, 160

  Ferry, Georgina 160

  Festival of Britain 149

  Finch, John 254, 255, 267, 292, 299, 307, 324

  Fraenkel-Conrat, Heinz 274, 281

  France 40—1, 84, 98, 100, 150—1, 260

  Franklin, Abraham 3 Franklin, Agnes (nee Foley, RF’s aunt) 51

  Franklin, Alice (RF’s aunt) 19, 28—9, 40, 54, 140, 287, 300, 305, 309

  Franklin, Arthur Ellis (RF’s grandfather) 39; author of family history 6; death 51; foreign travel 18—19; gravestone 307; religious orthodoxy 19, 27, 32, 45, 51—2; RF’s letters to 35—7; wealth of 18; as widower 40; will of 52

  Franklin, Benjamin Wolf 3

  Franklin, Caroline (nee Jacob, RF’s grandmother) 15, 19, 307

  Franklin, Cecil (‘Jack’, RF’s uncle) 27, 51

  Franklin, Charlotte (nee Hanjal-Konyi, RF’s sister-in-law) 106, 115, 154, 311

  Franklin, Colin (RF’s brother) 15, 17, 28, 98, 111, 115; education 43; on family holidays 37; marriage 106—7; military service 80; publishing career 107, 271; reaction to Watson’s book 311; on RF’s relations with Mering 97fn; and RF 94, 102—3, 115, 154—5, 238, 242, 301; and Rosalind Franklin Bequest 321fn

  Franklin, David (RF’s brother) 13, 15, 17, 18, 52; career 271; education 22; marriage 97, 106; military service 54

  Franklin , Ellis (RF’s father) 5, 13, 305; attitude to Judaism 5, 32, 81, 107; attitude to war 58—9, 62, 71; business career 13, 271; charity work 20; and childrens’ education 43, 54, 74; family life 13—15, 19, 27, 54; financial situation 18; foreign travel 18—19, 37, 54; honours 81; married life 33; personality 13, 73; political views 34, 50, 126; refugee relief work 38—9; and RF’s career 319; and RF’s illness 301; RF’s relations with 73, 80, 94, 96, 126, 139; schooldays 31 ; science teaching 20; wit 38

  Franklin, Ellis A. (RF’s great-grandfather) 4, 31

  Franklin, Hugh (RF’s uncle) 28, 51—2

  Franklin, Irene, see Neuner, I.

  Frankin, Jenifer, see Glynn, J.

  Franklin, Lewis 3

  Franklin, Muriel (nee Waley, RF’s mother) 5, 13, 16—17, 54; and Mering 97; personality 34; reaction to Watson’s book 312; refugee relief work 38, 60; and RF’s cancer 285, 287–8, 300–1, 305; and RF’s career 164; RF’s relations with 34, 94, 288; on RF’s schooldays 22; on RF’s teasing streak 17—18; visits Birkbeck 310

  Franklin, Nina (RF’s sister-in-law) 300

  Franklin, Richard 297

  Franklin, Roland (Roly, RF’s brother) 17, 20, 28, 40, 64, 97; career 271; in Corsica 103; marriage 106; on RF’s relations with Mering 97fn; RF stays with 300—1

  Franklin, Rosalind Elsie

  PERSONAL LIFE: academic ability 15, 30, 41, 53—4, 60, 68, 102, 169—70; appearance 32, 40, 65, 73, 94, 97, 103, 129, 135, 163, 255, 306; attitude to war 49, 58—9, 67, 70, 74, 81, 99, 112; birth 7; childhood 14, 16—18, 21; death xx, 307—8, 311; dress sense 21, 93—4, 103, 104, 106, 150, 163, 312, 349n; as Europhile 99, 113, 115, 126, 171; family background 3—8, 46; family life 37; as feminist icon xx, 313—14, 326; financial situation 76, 90—1, 139, 233—5, 257, 263—4, 289, 301, 302; fondness for children 152, 227, 260—1, 280, 290, 301; foreign travel 19, 37, 40, 54, 84, 179, 237—47, 273—84, 291; friendships 26—8, 49, 70, 73, 79, 95, 103, 110, 137, 150, 288; health 22, 80, 180, 187, 271, 279, 284—7, 289, 292—3, 297, 299—302, 305—7, 320; holidays 52—3, 62, 79, 97—8, 102—3, 106, 110, 112, 150—I, 176, 180—I, 226—9, 260, 297, 304; homes 13, 71, 75, 78 80, 90, 108—9, 126, 138—9, 223, 302; honours 322 —3; as hostess 139—40; Jewishness xx-xxi, 12, 23, 31, 45, 61, 95—6, 99, 107, 172—3, 227—8, 320; love of outdoor pursuits 34, 37, 62, 80, 84, 94, 97—8, 106, 176, 180, 237, 277—8; at Newnham 42, 45—51, 53—6, 62—4, 67—9, 97; nickname 160, 256, 288; in Paris 87—95, 98—9, 101, 103—5, 107, 108—9, III—12, 115, 168; pastimes and interests 30, 32, 48—9, 58, 71—2, 139; politics 49—50, 58, 73, 92, 99, 126, 135, 235, 257, 268, 289; refugee work 51, 60; relations with family 315, 319; relations with men 34, 62, 64, 69, 80, 84— 5, 95—7, 102—3, 107, 112, 147, 228, 260—I, 274—5, 280—I, 283, 286—7, 297; religious views 60—I; schooldays 15—16, I —6, 28—33, 39, 90; unhappiness at King’s 138, 155, 160—I, 171—4, 176—7, 319; as upper class 126—7; war work 77—9; will 301

  PERSONALITY 27, 81; abruptness 85, 256, 306; anger 173—4, 194; claustrophobia 71, 79, 95; confrontational manner xx, 72—3, 92—3, 95, 146, 151; conversational awkwardness 129, 255, 256—7, 287; difficult character 18, 28, 135, 255, 267, 306; dual nature of 139—40, 151, 277; emotional immaturity 33, 69, 80, 96—7, 228, 261; fun-loving 17—18, 277, 280, 322; honesty 64; hostile indifference 28—9; innocence 34; jealousy 103; kindness 151, 174, 223; melancholy 159; modesty 309; overs
ensitivity 319; puritanism 96, 246, 256; reserve 34, 37, 49, 64, 85, 113, 126, 256, 288, 301; self-confidence 85, 135; self-denial 71, 84, 91, 102, 139; shyness 256, 288

  AS SCIENTIST xx, 308—9, 318—20, 322; academic status 235—6, 256—7, 263—4, 302; attitude to model-building 161, 184; carbon/graphite research 87—9, 105, 109—10, 115, 222, 243, 308; coal research 77—9, 83—4, 87, 180, 231, 237, 256, 318; collaborators 249—50, 254, 258; at conferences 147—9, 162—4, 233, 238, 267—8, 271, 273—4, 297, 304; Crick’s correspondence with 223—4; Crick-Watson’s debt to 196–7, 199, 210, 212, 223, 241, 247, 309, 313, 315–17, 320–1,323, 346n, 350n; critique of DNA models 164—5, 200, 223; delays publication of results 178—9; DNA research xix-xx, 130, 137—8, 143—5, 153—5, 157, 161— 3, 168—71, 175—6, 177—9, 183—5, 188, 190—I, 195—8, 201—2, 211, 221, 222, 308—9, 326; doctorate in physical chemistry 82, 83; early interest in science 23; as experimentalist 95, 143— 4, 217, 255, 318; King’s leaving seminar 192; lack of imagination/insight 202, 249, 318—19, 322; lectures 174, 222, 234, 237, 241, 242, 246; on meaning of science 60—I; ‘molecular sieves’ hypothesis 83—4; Photograph 51 of ‘B’ form DNA 178, 192, 196—8, 201, 212, 247, 316; polio virus research 297, 298—9, 303—4, 306, 309; published papers 83, 100, 105—6, 110, 130—I, 145, 168, 184, 187, 195, 199, 205—6, 208, 210—II, 222, 223, 245, 250, 267, 269, 292, 295—6, 303, 307– 8,327; and radiation risk 101, 144, 320; reputation xx, 79, 104, 109, 131, 179, 243, 247, 267, 274, 308—9, 321– 2,327; research post in Physical Chemistry Laboratory 70, 72, 73—4, 77; RNA research 222; sixth-form studies 32 —3, 41; technical expertise 101, 130, 143—4, 160, 168, 175, 221; TMV model 275, 293—5, 300, 309, 322; TMV (tobacco mosaic virus) research 229, 231, 234, 241, 246, 249, 251—5, 258—61, 269—70, 285, 303, 308– 9,318; university studies 46—8, 53—7, 63, 68; Virus Research Project at Birkbeck 254—7, 262, 263, 265, 267, 269, 290, 293, 296, 304—5, 309, 324

  Franklin, Sarah (née Israel) 3

  Franklin, Ursula (RF’s cousin) 26, 27, 34, 62, 71, 97, 140, 279, 302

  Franklin family 3—7, 271, 320

  Franklin Family and Collaterals, The (A.E. Franklin) 6

  Fraser, Bruce 157, 161 —2, 208—9, 351n

  Fraser, Mary 157, 162

  Freud, Sigmund 38

  Friedlander, Marianne 137, 172

  Frisch, Otto 83

  Furberg, Sven 136, 143, 149, 162, 226

  ‘Future of Palestine, The’ (Samuel) 7—8

  Gale, Arthur 210

  Galton, David 300

  Gamow, George 243, 274

  Garrod, Dorothy 48

  Gaulle, Charles de 65, 66, 92, 99

  General Electric Company 131, 137

  genetics 119—31, 142; chromosomes 56, 119, 123; copying mechanism xix, 203—4, 210, 212; protein 119—20, 136; structure of gene 142; X-ray crystallography and 158; see also DNA

  Geneva 297

  George V, King 34

  George VI, King 42, 170; coronation of 35—7

  German/Jewish Refugee Committee 38

  Ginoza, Willam 276, 277

  Glaeser, Rachel 102—3, 110

  Glynn, Jenifer (neée Franklin, RF’s sister) 80, 82; birth 21; childhood 39, 40, 54; education 43; holiday with RF 297—8; marriage 107; on RF’s attitude to Judaism 61; on RF’s personality 172; on RF’s relations with Mering 97fn; and Rosalind Franklin Bequest 321fn; visits RF 75, 94; work 271

  Gollancz, Livia (RF’s cousin) 26

  Goodfield, June 283

  Gordon Research Conferences 152; on coal 233, 238; on nucleic acid 270, 271, 274—5

  Gosling, Raymond 137, 225; feelings for RF 321; Franklin-Gosling Nature papers 208, 210—12, 222; and Franklin-Wilkins feud 140, 146, 155—6; reaction to Cavendish’s victory 209; on RF 129, 165; as RF’s assistant 129, 143—4, 154, 168—70, 175, 177, 178, 183—5, 195, 206, 325; and RF’s departure from King’s 187; on RF’s reaction to Crick-Watson model 211; shows DNA Photo 51 to

  Gosling, Raymond — cont. Wilkins 196, 316; thesis supervised by RF 155, 187, 196, 213, 221; work with Wilkins 114, 129; X-ray pictures of DNA 130

  Grdenic, Drago 180, 267

  Grenoble 88

  Griffith, Frederick 121

  Griffiths, Ada (Nannie) 16–17, 26, 54, 62, 82, 107, 231, 244, 300, 301, 318

  Hahn, Otto 83

  Haldane, J.B.S. 45, 47, 225

  Hanjal-Konyi, Charlotte, see Franklin, C.

  Hanson, Jean 126, 133

  Harker, David 241, 317

  Hartog, Roger 46

  Harvard University 134, 262, 311, 316

  Harvard University Press 311, 312

  Heller, Louise 114, 129, 134, 140, 144, 172

  Hemily, Marion 109

  Hemily, Philip 109, 147

  Hess, Rudolf 67

  Hewish, Antony 325

  Himsworth, Harold 303

  Hitler, Adolf 38, 42, 50, 51, 54

  Hodgkin, Dorothy 147, 177; and Bernal 218, 220; biography of 160; condones RF’s approach 178—9; Nobel prize 324–5; queen of Patterson function 169; and RF’s DNA photographs 175

  Holmes, Kenneth 320, 324; papers 267, 269, 292, 295—6; relations with RF 255, 305, 307, 321; on RF’s personality 255, 256; work with RF 254—5

  Holmes, Mary (nee Scurby) 255, 305

  Holst, Gustav 30

  Home Office 38, 50, 73, 81

  Horizon (BBC TV) 322

  Housman, Lawrence 49

  ‘How to Live with a Golden Helix’ (Crick) 318—19

  Hungary 289

  Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) 108, 110

  Institut Pasteur, Paris 224

  Institute of Physics 267

  International Congress of Crystallography 147, 237

  International Union of Crystallography symposium 268

  International X-ray Tables 175

  ‘Interpretation of Diffuse X-ray Diagrams of Carbon’ (RF) 105

  isomorphous replacement technique 259, 270, 295

  Israel 226—9 Italy 106, 110, 297

  Ivanhoe (Scott) 10, 173

  Jacob, Francois 147, 224, 250

  Jacobson, Dan 266, 301

  Janeway, Elizabeth 314

  Jerusalem 7

  Jewish Chronicle 38

  Jewish Relief Act (1858) 331

  Jews: Anglo-Jewry 8—9, 31, 271, 320; anti-semitism 8—11, 49, 50; cancer amongst 320, 35m; European 38, 50, 81; internment 63; Israeli orthodox 227; and Palestine 7—8; refugees 38, 50—1; RF’s family background 3—7, 12

  Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 273

  Johnson, Samuel 133

  Joseph, Catherine (RF’s second cousin) 26, 52, 260

  Journal of Experimental Medicine 121

  Judson, Horace Freeland 202, 318

  Julius, Anthony 11

  Kalckar, Herman 142

  Kegan Paul 4

  Kendrew, John 149, 164, 186, 205, 268, 303

  Kerlogue, Jean (nee Kerslake) 287; family of 260; holidays with RF 79—80, 84; relations with men 34, 80; on RF’s attitude to men 84—5; schooldays 28, 40; social life 34, 64; visits RF 26—7, 94, 260; war work 70

  Keynes, John Maynard 91

  Keyser’s bank 4, 13, 15, 18, 38, 81, 128, 271

  Keyser Ullmann 271

  Khrushchev, Nikita 289

  King, Mrs 239

  King’s College London 106, 108, 112, 125, 181; Biophysics Unit xix, 12, 125, 128–36, 149, 152–6, 157, 160–2, 166, 187, 209; DNA colloquium 162–4; DNA research 114, 129–30, 141, 157, 159, 161–2, 165, 176–7, 181, 188, 196, 207–8, 210, 314, 316–17, 324; Franklin-Wilkins Building 323; Jews in 172–3; MRC committee visit 187–8, 198–9; religious foundation 127; research at ill; RF’s appointment 110–11, 113; RF’s departure 183, 187, 192, 206, 232; RF joins 126–7, 137–8; scientific tradition 127; Wheatstone Physics Laboratory 181 ; women in 127-8, 133-4

  Kingston-upon-Thames 77, 80

  Kinsey Report 101

  Klug, Aaron 268, 310, 312, 321; academic status 265, 266; personality 254; autobiography 249; b
ackground 250; beneficiary under RF’s will 301, 326, 351n; close relations with RF 261, 266–7, 273; collaboration with RF 249–50, 254–5, 262, 267, 290, 292, 295, 299, 303–4; defence of RF 325–6; head of Virus Research Project 324; Nobel prize 249, 325; Nuffield funding 263; on RF’s DNA work 190, 201–2, 249;on RF’s personality 322; on RF’s Photo 51 of DNA 340n; on RF’s relations with Crick 254; scientific career 326

  Klug, Liebe 250, 261

  Kohlberg, Lawrence 317

  Kranjc, Katarina 180

  Laboratoire Central des Services Chimiques de l’Etat 87–8, 100, 101, 109–10

  Labour Monthly 313

  Lederberg, Joshua 282

  Lederberg, Seymour 282

  Lenton, Stan 257

  Lindores School for Young Ladies, Bexhill 22

  Linken, Dr 271, 284, 285

  Lipson, Henry: Beevers-Lipson strips 169, 222

  Little family 239

  Liverpool 4

  Livingstone, Mair 261, 283, 284, 297, 301

  Lloyd George, David 7, 10

  Lockwood, John F. 219, 298

  London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine 298

  Lonsdale, Kathleen 82, 175

  Los Angeles, UCLA 245–6, 276

  Lowe, Rabbi, of Prague 6

  Lowy, Jack 172

  Lucky Jim (Amis) 315

  Luria, Salvador 142

  Luzzati, Denise 103, 110, 231, 261

  Luzzati, Vittorio 105, 138, 256, 302; attends RF’s funeral 307; at Labo Central 109, 168; relations with RF 95, 147; RF holidays with 110, iii, 112; RF visits 231, 291

  Luzzati family 297–8

  Lyons 104

  McCarty, Maclyn 122

  Mackay, Alan 267

  MacLeod, Colin 122

  Madrid 268

  Maire, Jacques 101

  Manchester Grammar School 31

  Man’s World, Women’s Place (Janeway) 314

  Marine Biological Laboratory, Wood’s Hole 239, 275

 

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