by H. W. Brands
589 “a post in which”: Carl Van Doren, Secret History of the American Revolution (New York, 1941), 463. 589 “Arnold’s baseness”: to James Searle, Nov. 30, 1780.
589 “We are naked”: from Lafayette, Oct. 9, 1780.
589 “I doubt not”: from Washington, Oct. 9, 1780.
590 “the unalterable resolution”: to Vergennes, Feb. 13, 1781.
591 “I have, however”: to Adams, Feb. 22, 1781.
591 “I have passed”: to Samuel Huntington, Mar. 12, 1781.
592–93 “He has vast designs … admit of”: Clarence L. Ver Steeg, Robert Morris: Revolutionary Financier (Philadelphia, 1954), 13, 38.
593 “From your intelligence”: to Morris, July 26, 1781, Smyth.
594 “I am quite tired”: Charles, First Marquis Cornwallis, Correspondence, ed. Charles Ross (London, 1859), 1:87.
594 “The moment is critical … Hampton Roads”: Douglas Southall Freeman, George Washington (New York, 1952), 5:312–15.
595 “Lord Cornwallis’s conduct”: ibid., 367.
595 “A man was killed … manner”: Edward M. Riley, “St. George Tucker’s Journal of the Siege of Yorktown, 1781,” WMQ 5 (1948), 375–95.
595 “Our shot and shell”: Freeman, Washington, 5:367.
595 “Our provisions”: from a captured British journal in Riley, “Tucker’s Journal.”
596 “He might have beat”: Freeman, Washington, 5:376.
596 “A solemn stillness”: Riley, “Tucker’s Journal.”
596 “Welcome, Brother Debtor”: ibid.
596 “When the King … Upside Down”: Freeman, Washington, 5:388n.
26. BLESSED WORK: 1781–82
597 “My God”: R.J. White, The Age of George III (New York, 1968), 137.
597 “to guide me”: ibid.
598 “I wish”: to Thomas Pownall, Nov. 23, 1781, Giunta.
598 “I have never”: to Adams, Oct. 12, 1781, Giunta.
598 “Some writer”: to Charles Dumas, Aug. 6, 1781, Bigelow.
598 “Poor as we are”: to Jay, Oct. 2, 1780, Bigelow.
599 “by the absolute”: Lee to James Warren, Aug. 1780, Giunta.
599 “They hate us”: Adams to John Jay, Aug. 13, 1782, Giunta.
599 “He tells me”: to Samuel Huntington, Aug. 9, 1780.
599 “It was evident”: Jay to Livingston, Nov. 17, 1782, Giunta.
600 “We ought not”: Jay to Livingston, Sept. 18, 1782, Giunta.
600 “Your enemies”: from Morris, Sept. 28, 1782, Giunta.
600 “extremely sorry”: to Samuel Cooper, Dec. 26, 1782, Smyth.
601 “a gentleman”: Giunta, 1:341.
601 “He is a wise man”: Vergennes to Montmorin, Apr. 18, 1782, Giunta.
601 “wise and honest”: to Shelburne, Apr. 18, 1792, Giunta.
601 “I let him know”: BF journal, Bigelow, 9:254.
601 “Yet I could”: Oswald’s journal, Apr. 18, 1782, Giunta.
601 “In case France”: BF journal, Bigelow, 9:259.
601 “It is a sweet word”: Conversation notes, Bigelow, 9:262–64.
602 “We parted”: BF journal, Bigelow, 9:264.
602 “I desire”: to Shelburne, Apr. 18, 1782, Giunta.
603 “On the whole”: BF journal, Bigelow, 9:282.
603 “After having seen”: Fox to Grenville, Apr. 30, 1782, Giunta.
604 “America does not ask”: BF journal, Bigelow, 9:287–88.
604–5 “He belongs”: Vergennes to Montmorin, May 11, 1782, Giunta.
605 “A, a stranger”: BF journal, Bigelow, 9:295–96.
606 “I see … were gone”: Bagatelles, 104–5. 606 The Morals of Chess, ibid., 108–12.
608 “From him”: to Deane, Mar. 2, 1776.
609–10 “as repugnant … to government”: in Samuel Flagg Bemis, “British Secret Service and the French-American Alliance,” AHR 29 (1924), 474–95.
610 “You are surrounded”: from Juliana Ritchie, Jan. 12, 1777.
610–11 610–11 “As it is impossible”: to Ritchie, Jan. 19, 1777.
611 “If the rascals”: P.J.G. Cabanis, Oeuvres (Paris, 1825), 5:230, 248; Esmond Wright, Franklin of Philadelphia (Cambridge, Mass., 1986), 296.
611 “If I were not”: from Burke, Aug. 15, 1781, Smyth, 8:317–19.
611 “Since the foolish”: to Burke, Oct. 15, 1781, Smyth.
612 “Difficulties remain”: from Burke, Feb. 28, 1782, Smyth, 8:320.
612 “the United States of America”: Political, Miscellaneous, and Philosophical Pieces, ed. Benjamin Vaughan (London, 1779), title page and vi.
612 “Be assured”: to Joseph Banks, Sept. 9, 1782, Bigelow.
612 “Supplement”: Smyth, 8:437–40.
614 “The form”: to Charles Dumas, May 3, 1782, Smyth.
614 “the most important”: Fox to Thomas Grenville, May 21, 1782, Giunta.
614 “trembled for the news”: Adams to Livingston, Sept. 23, 1782, Giunta.
615 “They want to treat”: BF journal, Bigelow, 9:315.
615–16 “an air … each other”: ibid., 329–31.
616–17 “necessary … imagine”: Oswald to Shelburne, July 10, 1782, Giunta.
618 “speedily concluded”: Shelburne to Oswald, July 27, 1782, Giunta.
618 “This Court”: Jay to Livingston, Sept. 18, 1782, Giunta.
618 “firmness and independence … same system”: Adams Papers, 3:38, 82.
620 “After much”: to Jonathan Shipley, June 10, 1782, Bigelow.
27. SAVANT: 1783–85
621 “Let us now”: to Shipley, Mar. 17, 1783, Bigelow.
622 “Our Revolution”: to Price, Aug. 16, 1784, Bigelow.
622 “the contemplation”: to Edward Newenham, Oct. 2, 1783, Bigelow.
622 “My dear friend”: to Strahan, Aug. 19, 1784, Bigelow.
623 “The remissness”: to Morris, Dec. 25, 1783, Bigelow.
624 “You tell me”: to Cooper, Dec. 26, 1783, Bigelow.
624 “the great”: to Thomson, May 13, 1784, Bigelow.
624 “Is not the hope”: to Vaughan, July 26, 1784, Bigelow.
625 “Meteorological Imaginations”: Bigelow, 10:323–26.
626 “Universal space”: to David Rittenhouse, June 25, 1784, Bigelow.
627 “In which case”: to Crèvecoeur, Bigelow, 10:363–65.
627 “By this means”: to George Whately, May 23, 1785, Smyth.
628 “Not less than”: to Joseph Banks, Aug. 30, 1783, Bigelow.
628–29 “All Paris”: to Banks, Dec. 1, 1783, Bigelow.
629 “a new epoch”: to Richard Price, Aug. 16, 1784, Bigelow.
629 “It is a serious thing”: to Ingenhousz, Jan. 16, 1784, Bigelow
629 “The people were furious”: Benjamin Franklin Bache diary, July 11, 1784, APS.
630 “What good”: Correspondance Littéraire, Philosophique et Critique par Grimm,
631 Diderot, Raynal, Meister, etc. (Paris, 1877–82), 13:349.
630 “Convincing sovereigns”: to Jan Ingenhousz, Jan. 16, 1784, Smyth.
631 “In heaven”: Claude-Ann Lopez, Mon Cher Papa, 170.
631–32 “There being”: to la Sabliere de la Condamine, Mar. 19, 1784, Smyth.
632 “Touch them”: Lopez, Mon Cher Papa, 175.
633 “The report”: to William Temple Franklin, Aug. 25, 1784, Smyth.
633 “I am pestered”: to Thomson, Mar. 9, 1784, Smyth.
633 Information to Those Who Would Remove to America: Bagatelles, 77–88.
635 “I am rather”: from Vergennes, Dec. 15, 1782, Giunta.
635 “It was certainly”: to Vergennes, Dec. 17, 1782, Giunta.
636 “storm of indignation”: Alleyne Fitzherbert to Henry Strachey, Dec. 19, 1782, Giunta.
636 “It passed … consideration”: Vergennes to Luzerne, Dec. 21, 1782, Giunta.
637 “that the King”: Madison’s notes, Mar. 12–15, 1783, Giunta.
637 “the gout and gravel”: to Samuel Chase, Jan. 6, 1784, Smyth.<
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637 “I cannot bear”: to Thomas Mifflin, June 16, 1784, Smyth.
637 “My face”: to Jane Mecom, Oct. 25, 1779.
637 “Repose”: to John and Mrs. Jay, May 13, 1784, Smyth.
637 “Mr. Jay”: to Henry Laurens, Apr. 29, 1784, Smyth.
638 “I may then”: to WF, Aug. 16, 1784, Smyth.
638 “If all”: to Whately, Aug. 21, 1784, Smyth.
638 “I hope”: to Morris, Mar. 7, 1783, Smyth.
638 “Mr. Jay”: to Laurens, Apr. 29, 1784, Smyth.
639 “the ornament”: Writings of Jefferson, 8:24.
639 “Justice”: to Vaughan, Mar. 14, 1785, Smyth.
640 “I think it”: Bigelow, 10:299–300.
641 “I went home”: “To the Authors of the Journal of Paris,” Smyth 9:183–89.
28. HOME: 1785–86
644 “A few”: Smyth, 8:650–51.
644 “The name”: to Francis Maseres, June 26, 1785, Smyth.
645 “revive that affectionate”: Sheila Skemp, William Franklin, 269.
645 “Dear Son”: to WF, Aug. 16, 1784, Smyth.
645 “Let us now”: to Shipley, Mar. 17, 1783, Smyth.
645–46 “Nothing has”: to WF, Aug. 16, 1784, Smyth.
646 “You are permitted”: from John Jay, Mar. 8, 1785, LC.
647 “They press me”: to Sally and Richard Baches, May 10, 1785, Smyth.
647 “This minister”: Vergennes to Marbois, May 10, 1785, Giunta.
647 “I think”: to Ferdinand Grand, Mar. 5, 1786, Smyth.
647 “When he left”: James Parton, Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin (Boston, 1884), 2:531.
647 “who walk very easy”: to Jonathan Shipley, undated, Yale.
647 “I have perused”: Journal of journey from Paris to Philadelphia, Bigelow 11:191.
648 “My heart”: Lopez, Mon Cher Papa, 299–301.
648 “I cannot … love me some”: ibid., 299–300.
649 “Had I been”: from Charles de Castries, July 10, 1785, Bigelow.
649 “I feel”: Lopez, Mon Cher Papa, 301.
649 “I went”: BF journal, Bigelow, 11:194–95.
649 “I trust”: to WF, Aug. 16, 1784, Smyth.
650 “my fate”: Skemp, William Franklin, 271.
650 “The captain”: BF journal, Bigelow, 11:196.
650 “We all left”: from Catherine Shipley, Aug. 2, 1785, Bigalow.
651 “the thermometer”: to David Le Roy, Aug. 1785, Smyth.
652 “In traveling”: to Jan Ingenhousz, Aug. 28, 1785, Smyth.
652 “With the flood”: BF journal, Bigelow, 11:196–97.
653 “generally agreed”: Harry M. Tinkcom, “The Revolutionary City, 1765–1783,” in Philadelphia, ed. Russell Weigley, 154.
655 “The ease”: to Paine, Sept. 27, 1785, Smyth.
655 “The people”: to Edward Newenham, Oct. 3, 1785, LC.
655 “Old as I am”: to Williams, Feb. 16, 1786, Smyth.
655 “I apprehend”: to Paine, Sept. 27, 1785, Smyth.
655 “I am now so well”: to the John and Sarah Jay, Sept. 21, 1785, Smyth.
655 “The stone”: to Daniel Roberdeau, Mar. 25, 1786, Smyth.
656 “I am now”: to the Jays, Sept. 21, 1765, Smyth.
656 “They are”: to Shipley, Feb. 24, 1786, Smyth.
657 “He ne’er cared”: to Whately, May 23, 1785, Smyth.
658 “Though your reasonings”: to (Paine?), July 3, 1786, Smyth.
658 “I am encouraged”: Webster to Washington, Mar. 31, 1786, Papers of Washington.
659 “I wonder”: to Grand, July 11, 1786, Smyth.
659 “I conjecture”: to Thomson, Jan. 25, 1787, Smyth.
660 “The Assembly”: to d’Estaing, Apr. 15, 1787, Smyth.
660 “My own estate”: to Grand, Jan. 29, 1786, Smyth.
660 “I propose”: to Jane Mecom, Sept. 21, 1786, Smyth.
661 “an old man’s amusement”: to Grand, Apr. 22, 1787, Smyth.
661 “The affairs”: to Veillard, Apr. 15, 1787, Smyth.
661 “He appeared”: Letters of Rush, 1:389–90.
662 “The accumulation”: Tinkcom, “Revolutionary City,” 159.
662 “It is expected”: Letters of Rush, 1:409.
663 “The conductor”: to Landriani, Oct. 14, 1787, Smyth.
663 “I lament”: to Jane Mecom, Sept. 20, 1787, Smyth.
664 “This field”: Carl Van Doren, Benjamin Franklin, 737.
664 “amuses himself”: to Lafayette, Apr. 17, 1787, Smyth.
664 “He sits”: Jeremy Belknap in William Parker Cutler, Life, Journals and Correspondence of Rev. Manasseh Cutler (Cincinnati, 1888), 2:234.
664 “I have found”: to Mary Hewsom, May 6, 1786, Smyth.
29. SUNRISE AT DUSK: 1786–87
666 “Your newspapers”: to William Hunter, Nov. 24, 1786, Smyth.
667 “That there should be”: to Lafayette, Apr. 17, 1787, Smyth.
667 “Our public affairs”: to Abbés Chalut and Arnaud, Apr. 17, 1787, Smyth.
667–68 “How inconsistent … the officers”: Washington address, Mar. 15, 1783 (and footnote), Writings of Washington; Douglas Southall Freeman, George Washington, 5:433–35.
668 “order of hereditary”: to Sarah Bache, Jan. 26, 1784, Smyth.
670 “a party of madmen … this mob”: David P. Szatmary, Shays’ Rebellion (Amherst, 1980), 71–81.
670–71 “most fatal … property”: The Boisterous Sea of Liberty, ed. David Brion Davis and Stephen Mintz, 227.
671 “Good God!”: Washington to Knox, Dec. 26, 1786, Papers of Washington.
672 “render the federal constitution”: Records of Convention, 3:14.
672 “It seems probable”: Madison to Edmund Pendleton, Feb. 24, 1787, Writings of Madison.
672 “some disorderly people”: to Chevalier de Chastellux, Apr. 17, 1787, Smyth.
673 “I hope good”: to Jefferson, Apr. 19, 1787, Smyth.
673 “Your presence”: to Washington, Apr. 3, 1787, Papers of Washington.
673 “by any commercial”: Catherine Drinker Bowen, Miracle at Philadelphia (Boston, 1966), 22.
674 “We have here”: to Thomas Jordan, May 18, 1787, Smyth.
674 “If you will”: Records of Convention, 3:85. 674–75 “The nomination”: ibid., 1:4.
675 “Dr. Franklin”: ibid., 3:91.
676 “There are”: ibid., 1:81–85.
677 “The motion”: ibid., 1:85.
677 “How has it happened”: Smyth, 9:600–1.
679 “bastard brat … within himself”: Bowen, Miracle, 108–9.
679 “deservedly celebrated”: Records of Convention, 3:89.
679 “I believe”: ibid., 1:299–300.
680 “A single person’s”: ibid., 1:102–3.
681 “Some contend”: ibid., 1:471.
681 “Are not the large”: ibid., 1:491–92.
681 “This country”: ibid., 1:530.
682 “The diversity”: ibid., 1:488–89.
682 “There was no curiosity”: William Cutler, Life, Journals and Correspondence of Rev. Manasseh Cutler, 1:267–69; 2:363.
684 “Gentlemen … alarmed”: Records of Convention, 3:86–87.
684–85 “The Doctor”: Cutler, Life, Journals and Correspondence of Manasseh Cutler, 1:269–70.
686 “A veritable torture”: Bowen, Miracle, 97.
686 “so weak”: to Jones, July 22, 1787, Smyth.
686–87 “What was the practice”: Records of Convention, 2:65.
687 “contrary to”: ibid., 2:120.
687 “It is of great”: ibid., 2:204–5.
687 “to debase”: ibid., 2:249.
688 “not against”: ibid., 2:236–37.
688 “generally virulent”: ibid., 2:348.
688 “We seem”: ibid., 2:542.
689 “I confess”: ibid., 2:641–43.
690 “Done in Convention”: ibid.
691 “Whilst the last”: ibid., 2:648.
&
nbsp; 30. TO SLEEP: 1787–90
692 “It is now”: Washington to Lafayette, Sept. 18, 1787, Papers of Washington.
693 “As I enter …fruits of it”: Jackson Turner Main, The Anti-Federalists (New York, 1974), 122, 129, 132–34.
694 “The smaller”: The Federalist Papers, ed. Andrew Hacker (New York, 1964), 22–23.
694 “very great satisfaction”: The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution, ed. Merrill Jensen (Madison, Wis., 1976–), 2:60.
695 “highly reverenced … old age”: Independent Gazetteer, Oct. 5, 1787, and Freeman’s Journal, Oct. 17, 1787; in The Documentary History, 2:160, 185.
695 “Doctor Franklin’s”: Madison to Washington, Dec. 20, 1787, Papers of Washington.
695 “Three and twenty”: Richard Miller, “The Federal City, 1783–1800,” in Philadelphia, ed. Russell Weigley, 164.
696 “I beg”: Lemay, 1144–48.
696 “Independence … President”: Miller, “Federal City,” 164–65.
697 “I must own”: to Jane Mecom, Nov. 4, 1787, Smyth.
697 “Some tell me”: to Mecom, Sept. 20, 1787, Smyth.
697 “a very great pleasure”: to John Lathrop, May 31, 1788, Smyth.
698 “They are wonderfully”: to Mecom, Aug. 3, 1789, Smyth.
698 “as I find”: to Alexander Small, Feb. 19, 1787, Bigelow.
698 “I thank you”: to Vaughan, Nov. 2, 1789, Bigelow.
698 “As the roughness”: to Buffon, Nov. 19, 1787, Smyth.
699 “Our ancient”: to Bowdoin, May 31, 1788, Smyth.
700 “Remarks Concerning”: Lemay, 969–74.
701 “The bad people”: Smyth, 9:523–25.
701 “always very friendly”: to John Jay, July 6, 1786, Smyth.
702 “prejudicial”: to the Public Advertiser, Jan. 30, 1770.
702 “some generous”: PBF, 19:187–88.
703 “Slavery is such”: Lemay, 1154–55.
704 “Our grand machine”: to Carroll, May 25, 1789, Smyth.
704–5 “I have long”: to John Lathrop, May 31, 1788, Smyth.
705 “The arrêt”: to Louis Le Veillard, June 8, 1788, Smyth.
705 “The revolution”: to Vaughan, Nov. 2, 1789, Smyth.
705 “It is now”: to Jean-Baptiste Le Roy, Nov. 13, 1789, Smyth.
705 “I hope”: to Samuel Moore, Nov. 5, 1789, Smyth.
705–6 “The convulsions”: to Hartley, Dec. 4, 1789, Smyth.