by Peter Moskos
125 flogs perhaps 16,000 people a year: Amnesty International, “Malaysia: A Blow to Humanity: Torture by Judicial Caning in Malaysia,” 2010, www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ASA28/013/2010/en.
125 canes more than 6,000 a year: “Singapore,” US Department of State, March 11, 2008, www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100537.htm.
125 rate one-fourth of Singapore’s: Walmsley, World Prison Population List.
127 The scars would never heal: Robert Symes and Bob Hart, “Inside Story: In the Malaysian Prison System, Punishment Rarely Fits the Crime,” from Penthouse (UK?), c. 1991, www.corpun.com/myjur1.htm. I was unable to locate this article. Penthouse has different publishers and editions in the United States, Australia, and the UK. My inquiries to two of the three houses (United States and Australia) failed to turn up the source. Further research is needed.
128 There’s a lot of pain: “Michael Fay Interview on Larry King,” Larry King Live, June 29, 1994, cited at World Corporal Punishment Research, www.corpun.com/sgju9406.htm#4344.
129 two-to-one support for his punishment: Cyndi Banks, Punishment in America: A Reference Handbook (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2005), 139.
130 asked in a few days to explain this system: “Spanking by Electricity: Kansas Has Invented a Method Which Colorado May Adopt,” New York Times, February 14, 1898.
132 widespread use of such devices: Amnesty International, “USA: List of Deaths Following Use of Stun Weapons in US Law Enforcement: June 2001 to 31 August 2008,” 2008, www.amnestyusa.org/uploads/ListOfDeaths.pdf. For an up-to-date list of Taser deaths, see Electronic Village, http://electronicvillage.blogspot.com/2009/05/taser-related-deaths-in-united-states.html.
140 cost taxpayers £37 million (about $59 million): Steve Doughty, “£37Million: Huge Bill to the Taxpayer for Crimes of Just Two Families,” The Daily Mail, July 22, 2010, 17, www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1296682/37MILLION-Huge-taxpayer-crimes-just-TWO-families.html.
142 should be used to help real victims: John Schmitt, Kris Warner, and Sarika Gupta, “The High Budgetary Cost of Incarceration” (Washington, DC: Center for Economic and Policy Research, 2010).
147 amputation, public stoning, or sharia law: Though it may not help a defense of flogging, I should point out that Singaporeand Malaysian-style flogging is often much more severe than is generally practiced by Islamic extremists. The canings that occur under the guise of sharia law are typically administered while maintaining a bent elbow, very much limiting the potential force. This stroke is more slapping than whipping. The purpose of these canings, often performed on clothed skin, is usually more about public shame than breaking the skin and causing pain.
152 “a blinding moment of moral clarity.”: Kwame Anthony Appiah, “What Will Future Generations Condemn Us For?” Washington Post, September 26, 2010. See also Kwame Anthony Appiah, The Honor Code: How Moral Revolutions Happen (New York: Norton, 2010).
INDEX
Abramsky, Sasha
Alcohol use, in prisons
Allen, Woody
African American, See Blacks
American Revolution, prisoners during
Americans, number in prison
Amnesty International
Anderson, Darron
Appiah, Kwame Anthony
Arpaio, Joe
Arrests, vs. beat-and-release
Attica Prison (New York)
Auburn Prison (New York)
Bail
Barbieri, John
Beat-and-release
Beaumont, Gustave de
Beccaria, Cesare
Bentham, Jeremy
Blacks
convictions for drug offenses
incarceration rates of
and legacy of racism
See also Race
Boredom, prison and
Bosket, Willie
Breyer, Stephen
British, flogging and
Broken window issues
Brunei, flogging in
Burrows, Edwin G.
Cadora, Eric (million-dollar blocks)
California
prison guard union
prison rehabilitation in
California City (California) Prison
Canada
incarceration rate in
sentence length in
Cane, description of
Caning. See Flogging
Caldwell, Robert Graham
CCA
Cell blocks
Chain gangs
China, incarceration rate in
City College of New York
Cohen, Aaron
Colorado, Medley case
Colvin, Mark
Communism, parallels with prison
Community, punishment and
Conducted energy devices
Confinement
history of
solitary (see Solitary confinement)
Congregate model
Conover, Ted
Consent, of flogged
Corporal discipline
Corporal punishment
bans on flogging in United States
establishment of penitentiary system and abolition of
history of evolution away from
as means of reducing prison population
in public schools
racism and
Supreme Court on
de Tocqueville on
See also Flogging; Punishment
Correctional Peace Officers Association
Corrections Museum of Bangkok
Costs
of crime prevention
of flogging
of juvenile detention
of punishment
reducing incarceration
Crack cocaine
Crime
high-incarceration neighborhoods and
as moral disease
prisons as schools of
types of
Crime prevention
cost of
deterrence and
Crime rate
drop in
immigration and
incarceration rate and
Crime victims, restitution for
Criminal behavior, nature of
Criminal justice system
in America
flogging as means of restoring legitimacy to
Criminals, attempt to cure
Criminology
classical school of
Cuba, incarceration rate in
Cuomo, Mario
Dahmer, Jeffrey
Day-reporting centers
Death penalty
Delaware, corporal punishment laws in
Democracy in America (de Tocqueville)
Deterrence
crime prevention and
prisons and
punishment vs.
Dickens, Charles
Discipline
corporal
prison
See also Punishment
Discipline machines
Disenfranchisement, racial problems in criminal justice and
Disorderly conduct
Doctor, presence of at floggings
Domestic assault
Discretion
Drug addiction, incarceration and
Drug courts
Drug offenses
economics of
incarceration rate and
as percent of alleged crimes
punishment for
sentences for
Drug use, in prisons
Eastern State Penitentiary (Pennsylvania)
Economics, of drug crimes
Eddy, Thomas
“The Effectiveness of Correctional Treatment” (Martinson)
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
Electric shock, as punishment method
Electric spanking chair
Elephant ball
Employment, prisons and
Essay on Crimes and Punishments (Beccaria)
Fay, Michael
Felony cases
Felo
ny convictions, voting rights and
Fines
Flog-and-release
as alternative to incarceration
description of process
Flogging
abolition in Pennsylvania
British Empire and
in Brunei
characterization as barbaric
with consent
constitutionality of
costs of
descriptions of experience of
dismantling of in United States
formula for determining number of lashes
guidelines for
lashes administered in
in Malaysia
as means of restoring legitimacy to criminal justice system
opposition to
prison vs.
public presence at
rules for
setting for
in sharia law
in Singapore
torture vs.
See also Whipping
Florida, voting rights and felony conviction in
Food, withholding, as punishment
Foucault, Michel
France, Anatole
Frankenstein, Victor
Freedom Riders
Gacy, John Wayne
Gazette (Delaware newspaper)
Gawande, Atul
Gettman, Jon B.
Goffman, Erving
Goldilocks Dilemma
GPS bracelets
Griffin, Marie L.
Guidelines, flogging
Hard labor
Hedonic calculus
Heller, Joseph
House monitoring
House of Refuge (New York City)
Howard, John
Illinois
Marion Prison
private prisons and
Immigration, crime rate and
Incapacitation
Incarceration
crime rate and
drug addiction and
need to incapacitate vs. punishment
See also Prison
Incarceration rate
among immigrants
for blacks
in Canada
in China
crime rate and
in Cuba
in Iran
in Japan
“natural”
in North Korea
in Russia
in Rwanda
in Singapore
socioeconomic class and
in United States
war on drugs and
of whites
Indeterminate sentencing
Ingraham v. Wright
Institutionalization
Intensive parole supervision
Intermediate sanctions
“In the Penal Colony” (Kafka)
Iran, incarceration rate in
Jackson v. Bishop
Jail, for pretrial detention
Japan, incarceration rate in
Jay, John
Job training, prison and
Just and Painful (Newman)
Justice
concept of
punishment and
retributive
Juvenile detention
Kaczynski, Theodore
Kafka, Franz
Kansas spanking chair
Katz, Jack
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
Kyzer, Dudley
Labor unions, prisons and
Larry King Live (television program)
Lashes, formula for determining number of
Lecter, Hannibal
Levine, Harry
Louisiana, cost of incarceration in
Machines, discipline
Madoff, Bernard
Maine, as slave-free state
Malaysia, flogging in
Manza, Jeff
Maricopa County (Arizona) sheriff
Marion Prison (Illinois)
Martinson, Robert
Marx, Karl
Massachusetts, as slave-free state
Maximum security prisons
Meat-eating
Mease, James
Medley, James
Mental illness
incarceration and
prisons and
Mental institutions
Milgram, Stanley
Million-dollar blocks
Misdemeanors, flogging for
Mistretta v. United States
Mohammed, Khalid Shaikh
Newgate Prison (New York City)
New Jersey, reduction in prison population in
Newman, Graeme
New York City
cost of incarceration in
House of Refuge
Newgate Prison
relation between crime and incarceration rates in
New York State
Attica Prison
Auburn Prison
large prisons constructed in
prison reform in
private prisons and
reduction in prison population
reentry in
rehabilitation services
Rikers Island
Sing Sing Prison
New York Times (newspaper)
North Korea, incarceration rate in
Pain
punishment and
torture and
Panopticon (Bentham)
Pedophilia
Penitentiaries, concept of. See also Prison
Pennsylvania
ban on flogging in
Eastern State Penitentiary
Quaker reformers and
Walnut Street Jail/Penitentiary
Phelps, Richard H.
Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons
Physical violence, in prisons
Plea bargains
Poe, Edgar Allan
Police, discretion
Police, use of violence by
Policing, crime rate and
Poverty, Census definition
Poverty, incarceration and
Presidential Advisory Commission (1973)
Pretrial detention
Prison
Attica
Auburn
banishment and exile and
boredom and
as businesses
California City
congregate model
corporal punishment as means of reducing population in
costs of
criminogenic characteristic of
discipline within
drug and alcohol use in
Eastern State
experience of
failure of
flogging vs.
history of
juvenile detention
knowledge of reality of
Marion
maximum security
mental effect of
mentally ill prisoners in
Newgate
New York
number of Americans in
parallels with communism
in Pennsylvania
physical and sexual violence in
private
public support for
punishment and
purposes of
reducing growth of
release from
Rikers Island
Sing Sing
supermax
de Tocqueville on
torture and
Walnut Street
See also Incarceration; Solitary confinement
Prisoners
categorization of
disenfranchisement of
Prison guard experiment
Prison guard unions
Prison-Industrial Complex
Prison reform
anti-flogging campaign
based on Panopticon
contemporary
difficulty of achieving
faith in curative ideals of prisons
Martinson and
in New York
; in Pennsylvania
Private prisons
Procter, Thomas
Property crimes
Public, presence at floggings
Public Interest (journal)
Public order offenses
Public schools, corporal punishment in
Punishment
alternative
choosing best
community and
cost of
deterrence vs.
electric shock as method of
forms of
justice and
pain as
prisons and
purpose of
See also Corporal punishment; Discipline; Flogging
Quaker reformers
Race
convictions for drug offenses and
corporal punishment and
as predictor of imprisonment
See also Blacks; Whites
Rape
in juvenile detention
in prison
Recidivism
Recreation yards
“Red Hannah”
The Red Lily (France)
Reeducation
Reentry
“Reformatron”
Rehabilitation, prison and
Rehabilitation services
Released on own recognizance
Restitution
Restorative justice
Retributive justice
Reynolds, John
Rikers Island (New York)
Rock, Chris
Rural districts, prisons and
Rush, Benjamin
Russia, incarceration rate in
Rwanda, incarceration rate in
Scalia, Antonin
Schlosser, Eric
Sentence lengths
for drug offenses
Sexual violence in juvenile detention
in prisons
Sharia law and flogging
Shelly, Mary W.
SHU (special housing units)
Siegel, Loren
Singapore
cane used in
flogging in
incarceration rate in
Silverglate, Harvey A.
Sing Sing Prison (New York)
Slavery, racial problems in criminal justice and
Sleeper (film)
Society for the Prevention of Pauperism
Socioeconomic class, incarceration rate and
Solitary confinement
Dickens, on effect of
in Eastern State Prison
as method of salvation and healing
in Newgate Prison
in nineteenth century
psychological damage from
sadism of
special housing units
Supreme Court on (Medley case)
de Tocqueville on
in Walnut Street Penitentiary
Soviet gulag