Their Backs against the Sea: The Battle of Saipan and the Largest Banzai Attack of World War II

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Their Backs against the Sea: The Battle of Saipan and the Largest Banzai Attack of World War II Page 24

by Bill Sloan

Daley, Thomas, 177

  Dallas Morning News, 97

  Daurio, Dominic, 168

  Davis, Thomas, 205

  Davis, Tom, 205

  Depta, Josephine, 261

  Dinova, Samuel, 84

  Distinguished Flying Cross, 257

  Dolliner, George, 169

  Domanowski, John, 175

  Donovan, James, 65–66

  Doolittle, Jimmy, 245

  Dorsey, Willis, 144

  Dowdakin, David, 191

  Duval, Claude, 38–39, 129

  Duval, Stanford, 38–40

  Earhart, Amelia, 48

  Early, John, 86–87

  East L.A. Marine (documentary film), 189

  Edwards, Ralph, 188

  Einstein, Albert, 238–239

  Elliot, Donald, 91

  Emig, Charles, 172–173

  Erskine, Graves B. (“Bobby”), 98–99, 126

  Evans, Jim, 67

  Flores, Celso, 181

  food, military food description, 30

  Foster, Preston, 79

  From a Limestone Ledge (Graves), 256

  Fulbright, James, 34–35

  Gabaldon, Guy

  background/Japanese family, 186

  saving Japanese civilians/soldiers, 186, 187–189

  Gailey, Harry A., 130

  Garapan, Saipan, 48, 57, 65, 67–71, 121, 128–129, 137–138, 204–205

  Gehrig, Lou, 27

  Gilbreath, Jack

  after war/posttraumatic stress disorder, 229–239

  Pearl Harbor fire, 74–75

  Saipan and, 76, 229

  Giuffre, Felix, 162, 163

  Goette, John, 7–8

  Goodbye to a River (Graves), 255

  Gooden, Frank, 162

  Goot, John, 174, 260

  Graves, John

  after war/writings, 255–256

  background/description, 50–51

  Battle of Saipan/injury, 134, 135

  hospitalization/nurse and roommate, 145–146, 255

  travels to/Saipan and, 51–53

  Gray, George, 78–80

  Greene, Bob, 260

  Grestini, Attilio, 173–174, 260

  Grigas, Walter, 166

  Grinaldo, Nicholas

  after war/posttraumatic stress disorder, 228–229

  Army’s 27th Division/Battle of Saipan, 82, 85, 86, 87, 94, 121–122, 146, 161

  on Ralph Smith, 121–122, 130–131

  Griner, George, 127, 130, 133, 193, 194

  Groves, Robert, 40–41

  Grumman Hellcat importance, 108

  Guadalcanal

  fighting, 54, 63, 146

  US troops traveling to, 22, 30

  “Washing Machine Charlie” and, 22

  Guadalcanal Diary (film/book), 78–79

  Guam

  descriptions, 5, 6

  Japan taking/controlling, 13, 109

  US and, 6

  Haberman, Harold

  after war/posttraumatic stress disorder, 231–234

  Battle of Saipan, 47–48, 231–232

  family (Irene/Paul/Dan) and, 232–233

  Hallstein, 52

  Hammond, Luke, 119, 161–162

  Hansen, Arthur, 158

  Hard Scrabble (Graves), 256

  Harrell, Ed, 239–240

  Harris, Marshall E., 18–19

  Hart, Joseph (“Jumping Joe”), 90, 91, 164

  Hawrylak, William, 167–168

  Hearst, William Randolph, 117–118

  Heimberger (Albert), Eddie, 55

  Hell to Eternity (film), 188–189

  Hensley, Kenneth, 195

  Hertensteiner, Richard, 62

  Hideki Tojo, 243

  High, James, 188

  Hill, Cassie, 163–164

  Hill, Harry, 211

  Hirohito, Emperor, 247, 248–250, 252–253

  Hodges, Herbert J., 56

  Hokohana, Willie, 180

  Holmes, Kenneth, 114

  Howe, Clifford, 88, 189

  “Howlin’ Mad” Smith vs. the Army (Gailey), 130

  Hunter, Jeffrey, 188–189

  internment camps, Japanese Americans, 186

  Isely, Robert, 109–110

  Itano, Marcus, 181–182

  Iwo Jima, 203, 223, 245

  Japan

  incendiary bombings/civilian deaths and, 237–238, 245–247

  losing war and, 243–244, 246–250

  mobilization of civilians, 248

  See also specific events; specific individuals; specific locations

  Japanese soldiers

  alcohol and, 8, 149, 154–155, 197

  description/traits, 7–8, 14, 16, 89, 154

  suicide attacks, 247–248

  See also specific battles

  Jarman, Sanderford

  replacing Ralph Smith, 124, 126, 127

  Smith/Smith and, 124, 125, 127, 133

  Jefferies, William, 67

  Jensen, Leslie M., 151

  Jisaburo Ozawa

  Battle of the Philippine Sea, 107–108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 115–116

  position/reputation, 107–108

  Johnson, Ronald, 147, 153

  Juhan, Jack, 24

  “jungle rot,” 224–225

  kamikazes, 247

  Kantaro Suzuki, 248–249

  Kelley, Gerard, 94, 134

  King, Ernest J., 9–10

  King, Hugh, 169, 170

  Kiyochi Ogata, 210, 215

  Kossler, Herman, 110–111

  Kunde, Armin, 163

  Kuniyaki Koiso, 243, 248

  LaSorta, Anthony, 168

  Laucella, Gerald, 177–178

  Leary, James Stanley, Jr.

  background/Saipan, 17–18, 196–197

  Matthews and, 17–18, 196–197, 259, 260

  Lee, R. J., 19

  LeMay, Curtis, 237–238, 245–247

  Lent, Jack, 95–97

  Lewis, Robert, 18–19, 242

  Liberty, Arthur, 37, 38

  Life magazine, 19, 119

  Love, Edmund G., 81, 193

  Luck, Edwin, 88–89, 158–159

  Lusitania, 85

  MacArthur, Douglas, 9–10

  McCarthy, Edward, 150–151, 171, 183

  McCurdy, Russell, 1–2

  McDonough, John, 134

  McGuire, Robert, 169

  Magellan, Ferdinand, 5

  Mailloux, Wilfred (“Spike”), 174, 260

  Manhattan Project, 214, 238–239

  Maria Anna, Queen of Spain, 5–6

  Marianas Islands

  descriptions/history, 5–7

  Japan’s use (World War II), 13

  name origins, 5–6

  significance to Japan, 9

  See also Chamorros; specific islands

  Marianas Turkey Shoot. See Battle of the Philippine Sea

  Marshall, George C., 82

  Matthews, Carl

  Army/“Howlin’ Mad Smith” and, 259

  death, obituary, ashes, 259–260

  injury/treatment, 198–199, 258–259

  landing/Battle of Saipan, 17–18, 197, 198

  Leary and, 17–18, 196–197, 259, 260

  Matthews, James Stanley, 259

  Mauskemo, Clement, 162

  Medal of Honor, 99, 161, 167, 176, 189, 192

  Meighan, Joseph, 83–84, 86, 99

  Mele, Michael, 169

  Merritt, Charles D., 56

  Michalak, Hank, 62–64

  Michihiko Hachiya/Yaeko (wife), 251–252

  Mitscher, Marc A.

  background, 13

  Battle of the Philippine Sea, 67, 108, 110, 111, 113, 115

  Mitsuharu Noda, 154–155

  Mitsumasa Yonia, 243

  Mizony, Harold, 134

  Mochitsura Hashimoto, 240–241

  Monroe, Jim, 55–56

  Moore, T. T., 49–50

  Moore, Winiford, 199

  Morrison, Philip, 238–239, 242

  Mount Tapotchau

  Battle
of Saipan and, 10, 63–64, 71, 73, 131–134

  description, 10, 71

  significance to Japan, 10, 63–64, 71, 132, 204

  Mulhern, John, 168, 183

  Mumme, Floyd

  Army’s 27th Division/Saipan, 100, 101–102

  background/description, 100–101

  Myself and Strangers: A Memoir of Apprenticeship (Graves), 256

  Nagumo Chuichi, 150, 154

  napalm, 246

  Navy Cross, 15, 53, 67, 189, 198, 211

  Nedderson, Gorden, 237

  New York Journal-American, 117–118

  New Zealand, 21, 22, 30, 31, 143

  Nimitz, Chester, 108

  Nolan, Lloyd, 79

  Noonan, Fred, 48

  Oak Leaf Clusters, 257

  Oba Sakae, 204

  Obermiller, H. L., 68–69, 219–220

  O’Brien, Lawrence, 90

  O’Brien, William

  background/family, 99, 147

  Battle of Saipan, 99–100, 119–120, 141, 150–151, 157, 164, 165–166, 176, 261

  Occinario, Mario, 151

  O’Connell, Geoffrey, 126

  O’Donnell, George, 158, 160

  Ojeda, Joe, 37

  Okinawa, 86, 116, 203, 205, 223, 245, 247, 249, 261

  Olander, Frank, 159–160

  Oldendorf, Jesse B., 16

  Omark, Warren, 112

  Orsock, John, 132

  Osami Nagano, 202

  Owens, Seymour D., 211

  Pase, Charles

  background/description, 29–30

  military experience before Saipan, 30–33

  Saipan/Tinian and, 33, 212–213

  Pase, Joseph, 29

  Pearl Harbor attack

  descriptions, 2, 16

  Japanese architect/submarine force commander, 150, 154, 203

  US reactions/recruitment and, 13, 20, 21, 63, 84, 85, 100, 105, 186, 224, 258

  Pearl Harbor fire, 74–75

  Peltier, Carl, 215–217

  Perry, Olian Thomas

  after war/posttraumatic syndrome, 230–231

  background/travels to Saipan, 20–23

  Philippines

  Japanese control and, 101

  See also Battle of the Philippine Sea

  Phillip IV, King of Spain, 5

  Pittman, Leon, 162

  Polikowski, J. F., 158

  posttraumatic stress disorder, 223, 226, 227–234

  Potsdam Declaration, 247

  Priddy, William, 162

  Purcell, John, 172

  Purple Heart, 84, 228, 261

  Purple Heart Ridge, 131, 136

  Pusatere, Frank, 83

  Quinn, Anthony, 79

  Rape of Nanking, 7

  Reed, Bob, 67

  Reed, James V., 74, 75–77

  Renfro, Raymond

  background/family, 41–43

  Battle of Saipan and, 43–44, 77–78, 139–140

  injuries, 139–140, 227

  return home/posttraumatic stress disorder, 227, 228

  Renfro, Robert Leon, 41–42, 227–228

  Renstrom, Keith, 186

  Rhodes, James, 169

  Richardson, Robert, 202

  Riseley, James, 25–26

  Roosevelt, Franklin, 82, 102–103

  Roth, Irene, 232–233

  Roush, Roy William

  Saipan/Cunningham and, 56–59

  Tinian/other Roush and, 217

  Ruffner, Clark, 202

  Ryan, Paul, 88, 170

  Ryan, Richard, 169

  Saipan

  agricultural development/sugar cane and, 8, 39, 48, 52, 74, 89, 92–93, 225

  descriptions/geography, 5, 10

  Japan settling/developing, 6–7

  map of, viii

  military installations and, 7, 9, 15, 16

  railroads and, 8, 39, 44

  significance to Japan/US, 9–10, 245

  See also Battle of Saipan; Marianas Islands

  Salomon, Ben, 166–167

  San Francisco Examiner, 117

  Saunders, James

  background, 225

  “jungle rot” and, 224–225

  Marianas campaign/posttraumatic stress disorder, 225–226

  Schmidt, Harry, 56

  Schrader, Billy, 72–73

  Schwabe, John, 187, 189

  Sherrod, Robert, 19, 119, 192–193

  Shigeru Fukudome, 203

  Shigeyosh Miwa, 203

  Shoup, David, 95

  Sidur, John

  after war, 260, 261

  Army’s 27th Division/Battle of Saipan, 141–143, 174

  banzai attack/rescues and, 152, 174, 260

  “clearing caves” and, 141–143, 261

  losing helmet/photo, 147, 261

  Siebert, Russell, 72

  Silver Star, 67, 172, 189, 202, 205

  Simms, Homer, 177

  Smith, Holland M. (“Howlin’ Mad” Smith)

  after Battle of Saipan, 202, 209

  Army’s 27th Infantry Division and, 60–61, 129–131, 136, 202, 259

  background/descriptions, 11, 123, 129, 130–131, 146, 202

  Battle of Saipan and, 11, 98–99, 118, 126, 137, 146, 203

  Battle of the Philippine Sea and, 108–109

  Fourth of July greeting, 137

  front lines and, 98–99, 126

  warning/assessment of banzai attack and, 146, 150, 193–194

  See also Smith vs. Smith controversy

  Smith, Ralph

  after Saipan, 202

  background/descriptions, 11–12, 121–123, 126–127, 130

  Jarman/plan of attack and, 126–127

  removal and, 118, 124–127, 129–131, 136

  silence on Holland Smith, 118

  See also Smith vs. Smith controversy

  Smith, Robert, 177

  Smith vs. Smith controversy

  background/Battle of Saipan, 118–122, 124–128

  Makin island confrontation and, 122–123

  Nafutan Point and, 118, 119, 120–121

  news stories on, 117–118

  Ralph Smith activities following dismissal, 126–127

  removing Ralph Smith and, 118, 124–127, 129–131, 136

  significance of, 12, 117, 125, 129–131, 136

  See also Smith, Holland M. (“Howlin’ Mad” Smith); Smith, Ralph

  Smoddy, Sam, 23

  Solace, Sergeant Major, 4

  Speirling, Donald, 157

  Spencer, Samuel (“Red”), 70–71

  Spruance, Raymond

  Battle of the Philippine Sea, 67, 108–109, 111, 115–116

  Smith vs. Smith controversy, 118, 124–126

  Tinian and, 208

  Stauffer, Paul, 34–35

  Steel, Bill, 73, 214

  Stopera, Barney, 169–170

  submarines (US)

  Battle of the Philippine Sea, 108, 110–111

  “Blair’s Blasters” and, 14, 15

  Japanese transports of weapons/soldiers and, 13–15

  suicides, Japanese, 149–150, 154–155, 189–190, 191, 229

  See also Battle of Saipan/Japan’s gyokusai attack

  Sweeney, Chuck, 242

  Szech, Chester, 67–68, 185

  Talbot, Bob, 54–55

  Tanapag Harbor, Saipan, 10

  Tarawa conflict, 31–33, 54–55, 63, 70

  Terwilliger Bunts One (Wayne Terwilliger), 257

  Terwilliger, Ivan, 27

  Terwilliger, Wayne (“Twig”)

  background/description, 27, 72

  baseball and, 27, 72, 256–257

  Battle of Saipan and, 26–27, 256

  Tex, battalion runner, 200–201

  Texas Tornado/Texas Tornado Number Two (amphibians), 34–36

  This Is Your Life, 188

  Thompson, Frank M. (“Tommy”), 44–45

  Tibbets, Paul, 239, 241–242

  Time magazine, 19, 119, 192–193

  Timmerman, Grant, 191–192

  Tinia
n

  airfields for US and, 9, 207–208, 221, 235, 237–239, 241–242, 245

  descriptions, 6, 7, 9, 207–208

  Japanese airfields, 7, 9, 207–208, 214

  sugar cane and, 207–208, 213–214, 216

  Tinian battle

  description/overview, 207, 208–221

  Japanese civilians and, 219–220

  Japanese defense, 209

  Japanese suicides, 219, 220

  map of, ix

  US landing/invasion, 207, 208–214

  Tinsley, Tom

  background/travels to Saipan, 1–2, 25

  Battle of Saipan, 3–4, 24, 25, 190, 200–201

  landing/injury, 3–4, 24

  Titterington, John, 170

  Tolf, Bernard, 157, 176, 177

  Toyoda Soemu, 116

  Tregaskis, Richard, 78

  Truman, Harry S., 232, 250, 252–253

  “Turkey Shoot” in the Philippine Sea. See Battle of the Philippine Sea

  Turner, Richmond Kelly

  Battle of the Philippine Sea, 108–109

  predictions on Saipan, 60

  Smith vs. Smith controversy, 118, 124–125

  27th Infantry Division. See Army’s 27th Infantry Division

  USS Indianapolis

  atomic bomb and, 239

  Japanese sinking/US casualties, 239–241

  Vandemere, Gerald, 77–78

  Verna, Bob, 53

  Vigliatura, Jack, 53–54

  Vracui, Alex, 109

  Watson, Thomas E., 56

  Webb, Wilber (“Spider”), 109

  Wentworth Institute, Boston, 103

  Westervelt, Norman, 237

  White, Earl, 170

  Whitehead, Barnes, 138–139

  Williams, Ted, 257

  Wilson, William (“Willie the Ape”), 51

  Winston, Robert A., 113

  Winter, Mark, 173

  World War II

  Germany’s surrender to Allies, 249

  US patriotism and, 104–105

  women/supplies to troops on trains, 104

  See also specific events; specific individuals

  Wren, Jack, 70–71

  Yoshida Hiyoshi, 154, 194–195

  Yoshitsugu Saito

  Japanese situation and, 128–129, 144, 145, 210

  letter to Japanese officers/suicide and, 148–150

  Saipan defense and, 14, 128, 144, 145

  Zielinski, Frank, 176

 

 

 


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