First Man

by James R. Hansen

  “X-15 Hydraulic Systems Performance,” Hydraulics and Pneumatics, Dec. 1962.

  “Gemini Manned Flight Programs,” Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, 8th Symposium, 1964.

  “Controlled Reentry,” Gemini Summary Conference, Houston, Texas, Feb. 1967. Multiple coauthors.

  “Safety in Manned Spaceflight Preparation: A Crewman’s Viewpoint,” AIAA, 4th Annual Meeting, Oct. 1967.

  “Apollo Flight Crew Training in Lunar Landing Simulators,” AIAA Paper 68-254, 1968. Coauthor, S. H. Nassiff.

  “Lunar Landing Strategy,” Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, 13th Symposium, 1969.

  “The Blue Planet,” World Wildlife Fund, London, England, Nov. 1970.

  “Lunar Surface Exploration,” COSPAR, Leningrad, USSR, 1970, and Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1971.

  “Change in the Space Age,” The Mountbatten Lecture, University of Edinburgh, Mar. 1971.

  “Out of This World,” Saturday Review/World, Aug. 24, 1974.

  “Apollo Double Diaphragm Pump for Use in Artificial Heart-Lung Systems,” AAMI National Meeting, Mar. 1975. Coauthors: H. J. Heimlich, E. A. Patrick, G. R. Rieveschl.

  “Intra-Lung Oxygenation for Chronic Lung Disease,” Benedum Foundation, 1976. Coauthors: H. J. Heimlich, E. A. Patrick, G. R. Rieveschl.

  “What America Means to Me,” The Reader’s Digest, June 1976, pp. 75–76.

  “A Citizen Looks at National Defense,” National Defense, Sept.–Oct. 1978.

  “The Learjet Longhorn, First Jet with Winglets,” Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, 22nd Symposium, 1978. Coauthor, P. J. Reynolds.

  Commencement Address, University of Cincinnati June 13, 1982.

  “New Knowledge of the Earth from Space Exploration,” Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco, Casablanca, 1984. Coauthor, P. J. Lowman.

  Wingless on Luna. 25th Wings Club General Harold R. Harris “Sight” Lecture, Presented at Inter-Continental Hotel, New York City, May 20, 1988. New York: Wings Club, 1988.

  “Research Values in Contemporary Society,” Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco, Casablanca, 1989.

  “Reflections by Neil Armstrong: We Joined Hands to Meet Challenge of Apollo Mission,” Cincinnati Enquirer, July 20, 1989.

  “The Ozone Layer Controversy,” Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco, Casablanca, 1993. Coauthor, Mark S. Armstrong.

  “Engineering Aspects of a Lunar Landing,” The Lester D. Gardner Lecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 3, 1994. Coauthor, Robert C. Seamans.

  “Pressure Vessel Considerations in Aerospace Operations,” National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors, Anchorage, AL, 1995.

  “Observations on Genetic Engineering,” Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco,

  Rabat, 1997. Coauthor, Carol Knight Armstrong.

  OTHER PRIMARY DOCUMENTS

  Bennett, Floyd V. Mission Planning for Lunar Module Descent and Ascent. Washington, DC: NASA Technical Note MSC-04919, Oct. 1971.

  CBS Television Network, 10:56:20 P.M., 7/20/69. New York: Columbia Broadcasting System, 1970.

  Godwin, Robert, ed. X-15: The NASA Mission Reports. Burlington, Ontario: Apogee Books, 2000.

  ———. Dyna-Soar: Hypersonic Strategic Weapons System. Burlington, Ontario: Apogee Books, 2003.

  ———. Apollo 11: The NASA Mission Reports. 3 vols. Burlington, Ontario: Apogee Books, 1999–2002.

  Jones, Eric P., Apollo Lunar Surface Journal.

  Low, George M. Latin American Tour with Astronauts Armstrong and Gordon, 7–31 Oct. 1966. NASA Manned Spacecraft Center: Unpublished mss., Nov. 16,1966.

  NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. Biomedical Results of Apollo. Washington, DC: NASA SP-368, 1975.

  NASA Manned Spacecraft Center. Apollo 11 Onboard Voice Transcription, Recorded on the Command Module Onboard Recorder Data Storage Equipment. Houston: Manned Spacecraft Center, Aug. 1969.

  NASA Manned Spacecraft Center. Apollo 11 Preliminary Science Report. Washington, DC: NASA SP-214, 1969.

  NASA Manned Spacecraft Center. Apollo 11 Spacecraft Commentary, July 16–24, 1969.

  NASA Manned Spacecraft Center. Apollo 11 Technical Air-to-Ground Voice Transcription. Prepared for Data Logistics Office Test Division, Apollo Spacecraft Program Office, July 1969.

  National Commission on Space. Pioneering the Space Frontier: The Report of the National Commission on Space. Toronto and New York: Bantam Books, May1986.

  “Neil Armstrong’s Comments on Behalf of the Apollo 11 Crew,” Langley Medal Awards Ceremony, July 20, 1999, National Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC.

  “Remarks by Neil A. Armstrong upon Receipt of National Space Trophy,” 2004 Rotary National Award for Space Achievement, Houston, TX.

  “Statement by Neil Armstrong at the White House,” NASA Release, July 20, 1994.

  U.S. News and World Report. U.S. on the Moon: What It Means To Us. Washington, DC: U.S. News and World Report, 1969.

  NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS

  Akron Beacon Journal

  Baltimore Evening Sun

  Boston Globe

  Chicago Tribune

  Christian Science Monitor

  Cincinnati Enquirer

  Cincinnati Post

  Cleveland Plain Dealer

  Cleveland Press

  Columbus (Ohio) Citizen-Journal

  Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch

  Dayton Daily News

  Florida Today

  Houston Chronicle

  Lebanon (Ohio) Western Star

  Life

  Lima (Ohio) Citizen

  Lima (Ohio) News

  Los Angeles Times

  NASA X-Press (NASA Dryden)

  National Observer

  Newsweek

  New York Daily News

  New York Times

  Seattle Daily Times

  Space News Roundup (NASA Manned Spacecraft Center/JSC)

  St. Marys (Ohio) Evening Leader

  Time

  Toledo Blade

  Wall Street Journal

  Wapakoneta Daily News

  Washington Post

  Interviews

  CONDUCTED BY AUTHOR

  Aicholtz, John, June 5, 2003, Cincinnati.

  Aldrin, Buzz, Mar. 17, 2003, Albuquerque, NM.

  Anders, Valerie, Apr. 8, 2003, San Diego; July 17, 2004, Dayton. Anders, William A., Apr. 8, 2003, San Diego.

  Armstrong, Carol Knight, June 2004, Cincinnati.

  Armstrong, Dean, Nov. 14, 2002, Bonita Springs, FL.

  Armstrong, Janet Shearon, Sept. 10–11, 2004, Park City, UT.

  Armstrong, Neil A., Cincinnati.

  • Aug. 13, 2002.

  • Nov. 26, 2002.

  • June 2–4, 2003.

  • Sept. 18–19 and 22, 2003.

  • June 2–3, 2004.

  Armstrong, Rick, Sept. 22, 2003, Cincinnati.

  Armstrong Hoffman, June,

  • Aug. 14, 2002, Wapakoneta, OH.

  • Apr. 4–5, 2003, Hereford, AZ.

  • June 7, 2003, Wapakoneta.

  Baker, Steve, June 5, 2003, Cincinnati.

  Barnicki, Roger J., Dec. 11, 2002, Lancaster, CA.

  Barr, Doris, Aug. 15, 2002, Cincinnati (telephone).

  Bean, Alan, Feb. 7, 2003, Houston.

  Beering, Stephen, May 30, 2003, Carmel, IN.

  Bennett, Floyd V., Feb. 8, 2003, Houston.

  Blackford, John “Bud,” July 25, 2003, Concord, NH.

  Borman, Frank, Apr. 15, 2003, Las Cruces, NM.

  Borman, Susan, Apr. 15, 2003, Las Cruces, NM (telephone).

  Brading, Charles, Jr., Aug. 17, 2003, Wapakoneta, OH.

  Burrus, David, June 5, 2003, Cincinnati.

  Burt, Devere, June 3, 2003, Cincinnati.

  Butchart, Stanley P., Dec. 15, 2002, Lancaster, CA.

  Cargnino, Larry, Nov. 29, 2002, West Lafayette, IN.

  Carpentier, Dr. William, Feb. 8, 2003, Seabrook, TX.

  Cernan, Eugene A., Feb. 10, 2003
, Houston.

  Collins, Michael, Mar. 25, 2003, Marco Island, FL.

  Combs, Harry, Oct. 7, 2003, Orlando, FL.

  Crossfield, A. Scott, July 17, 2004, Dayton, OH.

  Dana, William H., Dec. 9, 2003, Edwards, CA.

  Danneberg, Kenneth I., June 27, 2002, Denver.

  Day, Richard E., Dec. 11, 2003, Palmdale, CA.

  Frame, Arthur, Aug. 15 and 17, 2002, Wapakoneta.

  Franklin, George C., Feb. 5, 2003, Houston.

  Friedlander, Charles D., Apr. 8–9, 2003, San Diego.

  Glenn, John H., Sept. 23, 2003, Columbus, OH.

  Gordon, Linda, Apr. 12, 2003, Prescott, AZ.

  Gordon, Richard F., Jr., Apr. 12, 2003, Prescott, AZ.

  Gott, Herschel, June 20, 2003, Los Altos, CA.

  Gustafson, Bob, Aug. 15, 2002, Wapakoneta.

  Heimlich, Dr. Henry, June 5, 2003, Cincinnati.

  Hollemon, Charles, Nov. 21, 2002, West Lafayette.

  Keating, William, June 5, 2003, Cincinnati.

  Keiber, Ned, Aug. 15, 2002, Wapakoneta, OH.

  Kinne, Tim, June 5, 2003, Cincinnati.

  Kleinknecht, Kenneth S., June 27, 2003, Littleton, CO.

  Knight, William “Pete,” Dec. 15, 2002, Palmdale, CA.

  Knudegaard, Vincent Aubrey, Sept. 11, 2002, Auburn, AL.

  Kraft, Chris, Feb. 7, 2003, Houston.

  Kranz, Eugene, Feb. 8, 2003, Friendswood, TX.

  Kutyna, Donald J., Mar. 20, 2004, Colorado Springs.

  Love, Betty, Jan. 30, 2003, Edwards, CA (Conducted by Christian Gelzer).

  Lovell, James A., July 17, 2004, Dayton.

  Lovell, Marilyn, July 17, 2004, Dayton.

  Lunney, Glynn, Feb. 6, 2003, Houston.

  Mackey, William A., Sept. 21, 2002, Tuscaloosa, AL.

  Mallick, Donald L., Dec. 12, 2002, Lancaster, CA.

  Matranga, Gene J., Dec. 12, 2002, Lancaster, CA.

  McDivitt, James A., Apr. 7, 2003, Tucson, AZ.

  McTigue, John G., Dec. 9, 2002, Lancaster, CA.

  Mechem, Charles S., Jr., June 25, 2003, Jackson Hole, WY.

  Meyer, Russ, Oct. 7, 2003, Orlando, FL.

  North, Warren J., Apr. 11, 2003, Phoenix.

  Palmer, George, Nov. 21, 2002, West Lafayette.

  Peterson, Bruce A., Dec. 9, 2002, Lancaster, CA.

  Preston, G. Merritt, Mar. 27, 2003, Melbourne, FL.

  Rogers, James, June 5, 2003, Cincinnati.

  Schiesser, Emil, Feb. 4, 2003, Seabrook, TX.

  Schirra, Walter M. Jr., Apr. 8, 2003, San Diego.

  Schmitt, Harrison H. “Jack,” Mar. 16, 2003, Albuquerque.

  Schuler, Dudley, Aug. 15, 2002, Wapakoneta, OH.

  Schwan, Harold C., Oct. 17, 2002, Chesterfield, MO.

  Scott, David R., Feb. 1, 2003, Atlanta.

  Shaw-Kuffner, Alma Lou, Aug. 15, 2002, Wapakoneta.

  Smith, James M., July 17, 2003, New York City.

  Solacoff, Doris, June 1, 2003, Upper Sandusky, OH.

  Solacoff, K. K. “Kotcho,” June 1, 2003, Upper Sandusky, OH.

  Spitzen, Ralph, June 5, 2003, Cincinnati.

  Stear, Mark, June 5, 2003, Cincinnati.

  Townley, Diana, June 5, 2003, Cincinnati.

  Townley, Gary, June 5, 2003, Cincinnati.

  Walker-Wiesmann, Grace, Dec. 14, 2002, Reedley, CA.

  Waltman, Gene L., Dec. 19, 2002, Edwards, CA.

  White, Robert M., Nov. 12, 2002, Sun City Center, FL.

  White, Vivian, May 29, 2003, Lebanon, OH.

  Wilson, James R., June 23, 2003, Park City, UT.

  Windler, Milton L., Feb. 4, 2003, Friendswood, TX.

  Zwez, John, Aug. 14, 2002, Wapakoneta, OH.

  CONDUCTED BY OTHER RESEARCHERS

  Albrecht, William P., Feb. 16, 2001, Edwards, CA (Curtis Peebles).

  Aldrin, Edwin E., July 7, 1970, Houston, TX (Robert B. Merrifield).

  Algranti, Joseph S., Mar. 15, 1968, Houston, TX (Robert B. Merrifield); Aug. 10, 1998, Chapel Hill, NC (Erik Carlson).

  Anders, William A., Oct. 8, 1997, Houston (Paul Rollins).

  Arabian, Donald D., Feb. 3, 2000, Cape Canaveral (Kevin M. Rusnak).

  Armitage, Peter J., Aug. 20, 2001, Houston (Kevin M. Rusnak).

  Armstrong, Janet Shearon, Mar. 12, 1969, Houston (Life).

  Armstrong, Neil A.,

  • Sept. 1, 1964, Houston (Life).

  • Summer 1965, Houston (Life).

  • Apr. 6, 1967, Houston (Barton C. Hacker).

  • Feb. 23, 1969, Houston (Life).

  • Mar. 2, 1969, Houston (Life).

  • Mar. 12, 1969, Houston (Life).

  • Aug. 7, 1969, Houston (Life).

  • Sept. 23, 1971, Washington, DC (Robert Sherrod).

  • Oct. 11, 1988, Cincinnati (Andrew Chaikin).

  • Mar. 6, 1989 (Neil McAleer: phone interview).

  • Sept. 19, 2001, Houston (Stephen E. Ambrose and Douglas Brinkley).

  Armstrong, Viola, May 9, 1969, Wapakoneta, OH (Dora Jane Hamblin).

  Bean, Allan, Apr. 10, 1984, Houston (W. David Compton).

  Bond, Aleck C., Sept. 3, 1998, Houston (Summer Chick Bergen).

  Borman, Frank, Apr. 13, 1999, Las Cruces, NM (Catherine Harwood).

  Bostick, Jerry C., Feb. 23, 2000, Marble Falls, TX (Carol Butler).

  Butchart, Stanley P., Sept. 15, 1997, Lancaster, CA (Curt Asher).

  Carlton, Robert L., Mar. 29, Apr. 10, and Apr. 19, 2001, Houston (Kevin M. Rusnak).

  Carpenter, M. Scott, Mar. 30, 1998, Houston (Michelle Kelly).

  Catterson, A. Duane, Feb. 17, 2000, Houston (Carol Butler).

  Cernan, Eugene A., Apr. 6, 1984, Houston (W. David Compton).

  Charlesworth, Clifford E., Dec. 13, 1966, Houston (Vorzimmer).

  Chilton, Robert G., Mar. 30, 1970, Houston (Loyd Swenson).

  Collins, Michael, Oct. 8, 1997, Houston (Michelle Kelly).

  Crossfield, A. Scott, Feb. 3, 1998, Lancaster, CA (Peter Merlin).

  Dana, William H., Nov. 14, 1997, Edwards, CA (Peter Merlin); Mar. 9, 1999, Edwards, CA (Michael Gorn).

  Day, Richard E., May 1, 1997, Edwards, CA (J. D. Hunley).

  Donlan, Charles J., Apr. 27, 1998, Washington, DC (Jim Slade).

  Drake, Hubert M., Nov. 15, 1966, Edwards, CA (Jim Krier and J. D. Hunley); Apr. 16, 1997, Edwards, CA (J. D. Hunley).

  Duke, Charles M., Mar. 12, 1999, Houston (Doug Ward).

  Fendell, Edward I., Oct. 19, 2000, Houston (Kevin M. Rusnak).

  Franklin, George C., Oct. 3, 2001, Houston (Kevin M. Rusnak).

  Fulton, Fitzhugh L., Jr., Aug. 7, 1997, Edwards, CA (J. D. Hunley).

  Gordon, Richard F., Jr., Oct. 17, 1997, Houston (Michelle Kelly).

  Griffin, Gerald D., Mar. 12, 1999, Houston (Doug Ward).

  Grimm, Dean F., Aug. 17, 2000, Parker, CO (Carol Butler).

  Haines, Charles R., Nov. 7, 2000, Houston (Kevin M. Rusnak).

  Haise, Fred, Jr., Mar. 23, 1999, Houston (Doug Ward).

  Hodge, John D., Apr. 18, 1999, Great Falls, VA (Rebecca Wright).

  Honeycutt, Jay F., Mar. 22, 2000, Houston (Rebecca Wright).

  Hutchinson, Neil B., June 5, 2000, Houston (Kevin M. Rusnak).

  Kelly, Thomas J., Sept. 19, 2000, Cutchogue, NY (Kevin M. Rusnak).

  Kleinknecht, Kenneth S., Sept. 10, 1998, Littleton, CO (Carol Butler) July 25, 2000, Houston (Carol Butler).

  Kranz, Eugene F., Jan. 8, 1999, Houston (Rebecca Wright); Apr. 28, 1999, Houston (Roy Neal).

  Love, Betty, Apr. 10, 1997, Edwards, CA (Michael Gorn); May 6, 2002, Palmdale, CA (Rebecca Wright).

  Lovell, James A., Jr., May 25, 1999, Houston (Ron Stone).

  Low, George M., Jan. 9, 1969, Houston (Robert B. Merrifield).

  Lunney, Glynn S., Jan. 28, Feb. 8, and Apr. 26, 1999, Houston (Carol Butler).

  Mattingly, Thomas K., II, Nov. 6, 2001, Costa Mesa, CA (Rebecca Wright).

  McDivitt, James A., June 29, 1999, Elk Lake, MI (Doug Ward).

  Maxson, Jerre, May 9, 1
969, Wapakoneta, OH (Dora Jane Hamblin).

  Mitchell, Edgar D., Sept. 3, 1997, Houston (Sheree Scarborough).

  North, Warren J., Mar. 14, 1968, Houston (Robert B. Merrifield); Sept. 30, 1998, Houston (Summer Chick Bergen).

  O’Hara, Delores B. “Dee,” Apr. 23, 2002, Mountain View, CA (Rebecca Wright).

  Preston, G. Merritt, Feb. 1, 2000, Indian Harbor Beach, FL (Carol Butler).

  Saltzman, Edwin J., Dec. 3, 1997, Edwards, CA (J. D. Hunley).

  Schirra, Walter M., Jr., Dec. 1, 1998, San Diego (Roy Neal).

  Schmitt, Harrison H. “Jack,” May 30, 1984, Houston (W. D. Compton); July 14, 1999, Houston (Carol Butler).

  Schweickart, Russell L., Oct. 19, 1999, Houston (Rebecca Wright).

  Seamans, Robert C., Nov. 20, 1998, Beverly, MA (Michelle Kelly) June 22, 1999, Cambridge, MA (Carol Butler).

  Shea, Joseph F., May 16, 1971, Weston, MA (Robert Sherrod).

  Sherman, Howard, Feb. 11, 1970, Bethpage, NY (Ivan Ertel).

  Slayton, Donald K., Oct. 17, 1967, Houston (Robert B. Merrifield); Oct. 15, 1984, Houston (W. D. Compton).

  Stafford, Thomas, Oct. 15, 1997, Houston (William Vantine). Thompson, Milton O., Sept. 22, 1983, Edwards, CA (Larry Evans).

  E-MAIL AND LETTER CORRESPONDENCE WITH AUTHOR

  Aldrin, Buzz, Los Angeles, CA.

  Armstrong, Janet Shearon, Park City, UT.

  Armstrong, Neil A., Cincinnati.

  Armstrong-Hoffmann, June, Hereford, AZ.

  Baker, Steve, Cincinnati.

  Beauchamp, Ernest M., Corona Del Mar, CA.

  Bowers, William “Bill.”

  Brandli, Hank, Melbourne, FL.

  Burke, Mel, Edwards, CA.

  Burrus, David, Cincinnati.

  Campbell, Nick, Denver, CO.

  Clingan, Bruce, Troy, OH.

  Danneberg, Kenneth I., Denver, CO.

  Day, Richard E., Palmdale, CA.

  Esslinger, Michael, Monterey, CA.

  Friedlander, Charles D., San Diego.

  Gardner, Donald A., Clinton, IN.

  Gates, Charles, Denver.

  Gott, Herschel, Los Altos, CA.

  Graham, Herb A.

  Hamed, Awatef, Cincinnati.

  Hayward, Tom.

  Hoffman, Jayne, River Falls, WI.

  Honneger, Barbara, Monterey, CA.

  Hromas, Leslie A., Rolling Hills, CA.

  Huston, Ronald, Cincinnati.

  Jones, Eric P., Australia.

  Karnoski, Peter, Las Vegas, NV.

  Kinne, Tim, Cincinnati.

  Klingan, Bruce E., Bellevue, WA.