by Roy Jenkins
177 John Harris, b. 1930, cr. Lord Harris of Greenwich 1974, Minister of State at the Home Office 1974–9, has been closely associated with me since 1965.
178 Selwyn Lloyd, 1904–78, cr. Lord Selwyn-Lloyd 1976, Foreign Secretary at the time of Suez and until 1960, then Chancellor of the Exchequer 1960–2, and Speaker of the House of Commons 1971–6.
179 Ian Wrigglesworth, b. 1939, a Teesside MP, first Labour and then SDP, 1974–87. Now President of the Social and Liberal Democrats.
180 Giscard suddenly decided that he wanted the job for his ineffective ex-Foreign Minister, Jean Sauvagnargues.
181 Christopher Soames, 1920–87, cr. Lord Soames 1978, had been Ambassador to Paris 1968–72, and a Vice-President of the European Commission 1973–7. He was married to Mary Churchill.
182 Robert Marjolin, 1911–86. Secretary-General of OEEC 1948–55, and a Vice-President of the European Commission 1958–67.
183 Georges Marchais, b. 1920, has been Secretary-General of the French Communist Party since 1972.
184 Lady Lee of Asheridge since 1970, widow of Aneurin Bevan, Labour MP 1929–31 and 1945–70. Minister of the Arts (under various titles) 1964–70.
185 I.e. that we should not press for a representative of the country holding the presidency of the Community (then Belgium) to accompany Crispin Tickell to meetings of Summit ‘sherpas’.
186 No longer so. One result of the British decision to stay out of full EMS participation has been to cut the special monetary links between Dublin and London.
187 The French wanted to take a very hard line against the Third World cane sugar producers in order to protect the beet sugar farmers of Picardy and Champagne.
188 Victor (3rd Lord) Rothschild, b. 1910, had, amongst other notable accomplishments, set up the Central Policy Review Staff (‘Think Tank’) in the Cabinet Office, 1971–4.
189 John Howard, b. 1939, in 1985 replaced Andrew Peacock, who had replaced Malcolm Fraser, as leader of the Opposition in Australia.
190 Sir Douglas Allen, b. 1917, cr. Lord Croham 1978, was Permanent Secretary of the Treasury when I was Chancellor.
191 Joel Barnett, b. 1923, cr. Lord Barnett 1983, was Chief Secretary of the Treasury 1974–9, and is now deputy Chairman of the BBC.
192 Sir John Hunt, b. 1919, then Secretary of the Cabinet, is now Lord Hunt of Tanworth, and Chairman of the Prudential Assurance Company.
193 Helmut Sigrist, b. 1919, German Permanent Representative to the European Community 1977–9, Ambassador to Greece 1979–84.
194 In 1976 Prince Bernhard had been touched by a Lockheed bribery scandal relating to the sale of military aircraft. Vredeling, who was then Dutch Minister of Defence, presided over the subsequent surrender by the Prince of his military rank, and hence his uniforms.
195 Roland de Kergorlay, b. 1926, was the chief official dealing with enlargement. From 1980 to 1982 he was head of the Commission delegation in Washington.
196 John Kenneth Galbraith, b. 1908, Harvard professor since 1949 and US Ambassador to India 1961–3.
197 (Sir) Reg Prentice, b. 1923, was Secretary of State for Education and Minister of Overseas Development 1974–6. He was MP for Newham, where his left-wing local party tried to disown him. Shirley Williams and I spoke for and with him at a very riotous meeting in the local Town Hall in September 1975. After he joined the Conservative Party he became MP for Daventry 1979–87, and a middle-rank minister 1979–81.
198 They did not.
199 An altered name.
200 Roy Mason, b. 1924, cr. Lord Mason 1987, was Labour MP for Barnsley 1953–87, and Secretary of State for Northern Ireland 1976–9.
201 Councillor George Canning, 1925–1981, who became Lord Mayor of Birmingham 1979–80, had been my Stechford agent, and later chairman, for many years. He was a man on whose opinions I placed great reliance.
202 Max Kohnstamm (Dutch), b. 1914, an adjutant of Monnet’s in the later fifties, sixties and early seventies, was Rector of the European University Institute in Florence 1975–81.
203 Giovanni Agnelli, b. 1921, Chairman of Fiat since 1966.
204 Talleyrand was Bishop of Autun from 1788 to 1791.
205 Adolfo Suárez, b. 1932, was Spanish Prime Minister 1976–81.
206 Viscount Dunrossil, b. 1926, the son of Mr Speaker W. S. Morrison, was then Counsellor at the British Embassy to Belgium. Later Governor of Bermuda.
207 General Sir Harry Tuzo, b. 1917, was then deputy Supreme Allied Commander, Europe.
208 Victor Constâncio, b. 1943. Recently leader of the Portuguese Socialist Party, having been Governor of the Bank of Portugal before that.
209 Portugal was in a great balance-of-payments mess, and the IMF, as is their wont, were demanding stringent deflation as a condition of further credits.
210 General António Eanes, b. 1935, was President of Portugal 1976–86.
211 Essentially the dispute was between my desire for a leap forward and his determination to stick to the traditional step-by-step approach.
212 George Brown, 1914–85, cr. Lord George-Brown 1970, was deputy leader of the Labour Party 1960–70, First Secretary 1964–6, and Foreign Secretary 1966–8.
213 Sir Robert (cr. Lord 1988) Armstrong, b. 1927, was then Permanent Under-Secretary at the Home Office. He had been my Private Secretary in 1968; Secretary of the Cabinet 1979–87.
214 Jeremy Thorpe, b. 1929, was leader of the Liberal Party 1967–76.
215 Lord Gladwyn, b. 1900, had as Sir Gladwyn Jebb been Ambassador to the United Nations and to Paris 1950–60. Deputy leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords since 1965.
216 Michael O’Kennedy, b. 1936, Irish Foreign Minister 1977–9, and Finance Minister 1979–80. Member of the European Commission 1981–2.
217 Sicco Mansholt, b. 1908, Dutch-nominated Commissioner 1958–73, President of the Commission for the unexpired portion of the resigned Malfatti’s term 1972–3.
218 Kurt Birrenbach, a CDU M.d.B with strong business and international connections, who had been a participant in most major international conferences since the 1950s.
219 Richard von Weizsächer, b. 1920, President of the Federal Republic since 1984.
220 Denis Howell, b. 1923, MP for Birmingham, Small Heath, since 1961 and for All Saints before that, and always a great pillar of sporting (and pro-European) good sense within the Labour Party.
221 Altiero Spinelli, 1907–86, was imprisoned by Mussolini 1927–43, a European Commissioner 1970–6, a ‘Communist and Allied’ Member of the European Parliament 1976–86, and as the author of the Spinelli Report, one of the few people to have driven Europe forward in the early 1980s.
222 Gustave Ansart, b. 1917, was a French Deputy 1956–8 and again from 1972. A Member of the European Parliament 1977–81.
223 Nobuhika Ushiba, 1909–86, was a Japanese diplomat (former Ambassador to Washington) who was seconded to this role.
224 Charles Jenkins, b. 1949, is our elder son.
225 In 1977 steel and textiles were both in a state of depression as a result of declining markets leading to overproduction and cheap supplies washing about the world trying to find a home at almost any price. Commission policy was directed to anti-dumping rules, fixed ‘reference prices’ (for steel), restructuring and use of the Social Fund for conversion and retraining schemes.
226 Panayotis Papaligouras, b. 1917, was Greek Foreign Minister 1977–8, having previously been Governor of the Bank of Greece and Minister of Planning.
227 Michael Astor, 1916–80, was the third son of Waldorf (2nd Viscount) and Nancy Astor. MP 1945–51, but much more interested in the London Library, the Arts Council and his own writing and painting.
228 (Sir) Stuart Hampshire, b. 1914, philosopher, was Warden of Wadham College, Oxford, 1970–84.
229 Hilde Himmelweit was Professor of Social Psychology at the London School of Economics 1964–83.
230 Tom Bradley, b. 1926, MP for Leicester, Labour 1962–81 and SDP 1981–3, had been my Parliamentary Pr
ivate Secretary at the Ministry of Aviation, Home Office and Treasury 1964–70.
231 Woodrow Wyatt, b. 1918, became Lord Wyatt of Weeford in 1987. A Labour MP 1945–55 and 1959–70, a friend since the 1940s.
232 Countess of Avon and widow of Anthony Eden.
233 Sir Arnold Weinstock, b. 1924, cr. Lord Weinstock 1980, has been Managing Director of the General Electric Company since 1963.
234 (Sir) John Jacob Astor, b. 1918, is the fourth son of Waldorf (2nd Viscount) and Nancy Astor. MP 1951–9. Chairman of the Agricultural Research Council 1968–78. My House of Commons ‘pair’ in the 1950s, he became, and remains, an exceptional friend.
1 Lord Zuckerman, OM, b. 1904, was Scientific Adviser, first to the Ministry of Defence and then to the Government, 1960–71. Secretary and then President of the Zoological Society of London, 1955–84. His greatest fame rests upon his nuclear knowledge and scepticism.
2 Gordon Richardson, b. 1915, cr. Lord Richardson of Duntisbourne 1983, KG, was Governor of the Bank of England 1973–83.
3 John Sparrow, b. 1906, was Warden of All Souls College, Oxford, 1952–77.
4 The 2nd Lord Faringdon (Gavin Henderson), 1902–77, a Labour peer of aesthetic tastes, had inherited Buscot Park in 1934.
5 Enzo Perlot, b. 1933, was Italian Ambassador to Portugal 1984–7, and is now Political Director at the Italian Foreign Office.
6 Comte René Boël, b. 1902, was former President of the European League for Economic Cooperation and a patriarch of Belgian internationalism.
7 Gaafar Mohammed al Nimeiri, b. 1930, was President of the Sudan from 1971 until he was overthrown by a coup in 1985.
8 The Lomé Convention (named after its place of signature in Togo and replacing the Yaoundé Convention negotiated by the original Six) was a non-reciprocal aid and trade agreement between the Community and forty-six African, Caribbean and Pacific states (now grown to sixty-five) which had been signed in 1975 and was due for renegotiation eighteen months before its expiry in 1980. This renegotiation began in the summer of 1978 and led to Lomé II which has now in turn been replaced by Lomé III. The renegotiation was already looming by the beginning of 1978.
9 In November President Sadat had visited Jerusalem for peace talks with the Israeli Government. In late December the Prime Minister had paid a follow-up visit to Sadat in Ismailia.
10 Konstantinos Karamanlis, b. 1907, had been Prime Minister three times between 1955 and 1963, when he started an eleven-year exile in France. With the fall of ‘the Colonels’ he became Prime Minister again 1974–80, and was President of Greece 1980–5.
11 Sir Henry Plumb, b. 1925, cr. Lord Plumb in 1986 after being elected President of the European Parliament, of which he had been a Member since 1979.
12 Lord Greenwood of Rossendale, 1911–82, had been a Labour MP 1946–70, and was a Minister in the first Wilson Government.
13 Lord Trevelyan, 1905–85, had been Ambassador to Cairo at the time of Suez and subsequently to Moscow.
14 The Cour des Comptes had been established in October 1977 with an Irish Treasury official, M. N. Murphy, as President and Sir Norman Price, former Chairman of the Board of Inland Revenue, as the British member.
15 Gunnar Riberholdt, b. 1933, was Danish Permanent Representative to the European Community 1977–84, when he became Danish Ambassador in Paris.
16 William Whitelaw, b. 1918, cr. Viscount Whitelaw 1983, was then deputy leader of the Opposition and was to be Home Secretary 1979–83, and Lord President of the Council and leader of the House of Lords 1983–8.
17 Shirley Williams, now Mrs Richard Neustadt, b. 1930, was then Secretary of State for Education and Science, and became President of the Social Democratic Party 1982–8.
18 Sir John Baring, b. 1928, is now Chairman of Baring Brothers and of the Rhodes Trust.
19 Lionel Murray, b. 1922, cr. Lord Murray 1985, was General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress 1973–84.
20 Gwyneth Dunwoody, b. 1930, Labour MP for Exeter 1966–70, and for Crewe since 1974.
21 Andries van Agt, b. 1931, was Dutch Minister of Justice 1971–7, and Prime Minister 1977–82. Subsequently Community Representative in Tokyo.
22 Guy de Jonquières, b. 1945, was Financial Times correspondent in Brussels 1976–9, and is now its international business editor. Diana de Jonquières became my research assistant 1984–8.
23 Claude Pierre-Brossolette, b. 1928, was a Finances adjutant of Giscard’s who became his Secretary-General at the Elysée 1974–6, and then head of Crédit Lyonnais 1976–82.
24 Baron Geoffroy de Courcel, b. 1912, was French Ambassador in London 1962–72, and Secretary-General at the Quai d’Orsay 1973–7.
25 Pierre Uri, b. 1911, was Economic Adviser to the Common Market 1958–9.
26 Etienne Hirsch, b. 1901, was President of the Euratom Commission 1959–62.
27 Robert Schuman, 1886–1963, was Prime Minister of France 1947–8, and Foreign Minister 1948–52.
28 Monetary Compensatory Amounts are, when positive, the adjustments which make a green pound or a green franc worth more than an ordinary pound or franc, and, when negative, make a green D-mark worth less than an ordinary one. A country with positive MCAs can improve its farmers’ incomes without any increase in Community agricultural prices (although at a cost to its own food price index) by reducing them.
29 Hugh Thomas, b. 1931, cr. Lord Thomas of Swynnerton 1981, was Professor of History at Reading University 1966–76.
30 David Watt, 1932–87, was a Financial Times and Times columnist, and Director of the Royal Institute of International Affairs at Chatham House 1978–83.
31 Michael Stewart, b. 1906, cr. Lord Stewart of Fulham 1976, was Foreign Secretary 1965–6 and 1968–70, as well as holding other senior posts in the first Wilson Government.
32 Richard Mayne, b. 1926, had worked on Monnet’s staff and translated his memoirs into English. He was head of the Commission office in London 1973–9.
33 She was writing a biography of him.
34 (Sir) Raymond Carr, b. 1919, was Warden of St Antony’s College, Oxford, 1968–87.
35 The next meeting of the European Council, due on 7 April.
36(Sir) Victor Garland, b. 1934, became Australian High Commissioner in London 1981–3.
37 Marietta Tree was married to Ronald Tree (pre-1945 MP and Churchill’s host at Ditchley Park during the wartime weekends of the full moon) until his death in 1976. She had been a United States representative to the United Nations 1961–6.
38 Professor John Mackintosh, 1929–78, was Labour MP for Berwick and East Lothian from 1966.
39 Edward Short, b. 1912, cr. Lord Glenamara 1977, having been Lord President and leader of the House of Commons 1974–6. He had succeeded me as deputy leader of the Labour Party in 1972.
40 René Lévesque, 1922–87, was a television reporter who became the militantly francophone and semi-separatist Premier of Québec Province 1976–85.
41 In fact he postponed it to the autumn and lost it.
42 Donald Jamieson, 1921–86, was Minister for External Affairs 1976–9, and Canadian High Commissioner in London 1983–5.
43 (Sir) Brian Urquhart, b. 1919, was a member of the secretariat of the United Nations from 1946 to 1986, an Under-Secretary-General for the last twelve of these years.
44 John Palmer, b. 1938, was Guardian correspondent in Brussels throughout my years there and has now returned to this post.
45 Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo y Bustelo, b. 1926, was Spanish Minister for EEC Relations 1978–80, deputy Prime Minister 1980–1 and Prime Minister 1981–2. Now an MEP.
46 A word which, with no great respect for the literal Italian meaning, had become Commission jargon for looking at the overall problems of the admission of Greece, Portugal and Spain as opposed to the bilateral ones with each of them.
47 Otto Graf Lambsdorff, b. 1926, was German Minister of Economics 1977–84, when he resigned following allegations about business contributions to his party funds.
48 Robert Boulin, 1920–79, was French Minister-Delegate for Finance (so called because Barre, the Prime Minister, was really in charge of the department) 1977–8, then Minister of Labour until October 1979 when he committed suicide.
49 Christoph van der Klaauw, b. 1924, a professional diplomat, was Dutch Foreign Minister 1977–81, Ambassador to Belgium 1981–6, and to Portugal since 1986.