. Anderson, History of Portugal, p. 54.
. A. Toussaint, History of the Indian Ocean (Chicago, 1961), pp. 98–.
. Marques, History of Portugal, p. 134.
. H. H. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies: An Account of the Voyages and Exploits of the Portuguese Navigators (New York, 1950), p. 14.
. Azurara, Chronicle, p. 54.
. Azurara, Chronicle, pp. 81–.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 19.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 22.
. E. Bradford, A Wind from the North: The Life of Henry the Navigator (New York, 1960), p. 256.
. From the journal of Alvise da Cadamosto, a Venetian merchant who joined the Portuguese in 1454 and made two voyages to Guinea.
. E. Prestage, ‘The Portuguese Voyages of Discovery’, p. 3.
. Morison, Portuguese Voyages, p. 3.
. E. G. Ravenstein, trans. and ed., The Voyages of Diogo Cão and Bartholomeu Dias, 1482– (Pretoria, 1986) [reprinted from The Geographical Journal, vol. 16, no.6 (December, 1900), p. 1.]
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 91.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, pp. 44–.
. Boxer, The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, p. 6.
. Ravenstein, Voyages of Cão and Dias, pp. 2–.
. Marques, History of Portugal, p. 219.
. Ravenstein, Voyages of Cão and Dias, p. 4.
. Ravenstein, Voyages of Cão and Dias, p. 4.
. Ravenstein, Voyages of Cão and Dias, p. 6.
. Morison, Admiral of the Ocean Sea, p. 70.
. Granzotto, Christopher Columbus, p. 58.
. Taken in large part from J. Carey, ed., Eyewitness to History (New York, 1987), pp. 222–.
. Ravenstein, Voyages of Cão and Dias, p. 11.
. A Captain Becker of the Falke carried this one off to Kiel, Germany, in 1893.
. H. V. Livermore, A New History of Portugal (Cambridge, 1969), p. 129.
. Morison, Portuguese Voyages to America, pp. 44–.
. Morison, Admiral of the Ocean Sea, pp. 74–.
. Ravenstein, Voyages of Cão and Dias, p. 15.
. Ravenstein, Voyages of Cão and Dias, p. 14.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, pp. 34–.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 90.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 90.
. Ravenstein, Voyages of Cão and Dias, p. 19.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 35.
. Ravenstein, Voyages of Cão and Dias, p. 21.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 36.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 90.
. Ravenstein, Voyages of Cão and Dias, p. 23.
. Ravenstein, Voyages of Cão and Dias, p. 23.
. Ravenstein, Voyages of Cão and Dias, p. 42.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 96.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 116.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, pp. 93–.
. G. Correa, The Three Voyages of Vasco da Gama and His Viceroyalty (London, 1869), pp. 16–.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 46.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 47.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 95.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 48.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 49.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 95.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 96.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 95.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 97.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 99.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 99.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 61.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 100.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, pp. 61–.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 62.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 100.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, pp. 100–.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 101.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 103.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 105.
. Phillips, The Medieval Expansion of Europe, p. 253.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, pp. 72–.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 73.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, pp. 74–.
. H. V. Livermore, A New History of Portugal (Cambridge, 1969), p. 134.
. Kaplan, The Portuguese, p. 9.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 120.
. Correa, The Three Voyages, p. 17.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, pp. 84–.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 79.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 121.
. Correa, The Three Voyages, pp. 29–.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, pp. 94–.
. Ravenstein, A Journal, p. xii.
. Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, pp. 59–.
. Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, pp. 63–.
. Ravenstein, A Journal, p. xv.
. Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, p. 62.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 104.
. Correa, The Three Voyages, p. 31.
. Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, p. 67.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 120
. Ravenstein, A Journal, p. 165.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 86.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 88.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 124.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 89.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 124.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 125.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, pp. 111–.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, pp. 123–.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 90.
. Correa, The Three Voyages, p. 34.
. Correa, The Three Voyages, p. 80.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, pp. 117–.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 119.
. Luis Camoens, The Lusiads, as quoted in Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 127.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 122.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 123.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 127.
. Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, p. 95.
. Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, p. 96.
. Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, p. 96.
. G. A. Danzer, An Atlas of World History (Ann Arbor, 2000), p. 53.
. A. Toussaint, History of the Indian Ocean (Chicago, 1961), pp. 51–.
. Toussaint, History of the Indian Ocean, p. 56.
. Toussaint, History of the Indian Ocean, p. 51.
. Toussaint, History of the Indian Ocean, pp. 57–.
. J. A. Garraty and P. Gay, eds., The Columbia History of the World (New York, 1972), p. 350.
. Garraty and Gay, Columbia History, p. 350.
. Kulke, History of India, p. 155.
. Kulke, A History of India, p. 7.
. Garraty and Gay, Columbia History, p. 341.
. Kulke, A History of India, p. 5.
. Garraty and Gay, Columbia History, p. 343.
. Kulke, A History of India, p. 11.
. Toussaint, History of the Indian Ocean, p. 68.
. Kulke, A History of India, p. 7.
. Garraty and Gay, Columbia History, pp. 350–.
. Garraty and Gay, Columbia History, pp. 351–.
. Garraty and Gay, Columbia History, p. 354.
. Garraty and Gay, Columbia History, p. 353.
. Kulke, History of India, pp. 176–.
. K. N. Chaudhuri, Asia before Europe: Economy and Civilisation of the Indian Ocean from the Rise of Islam to 1750, pp. 362–.
. Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, p. 100.
. J. Keay, India: A History (New York, 2000), p. 284.
. Keay, India: A History, p. 284.
. Subrahm
anyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, p. 104.
. Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, pp. 104–.
. Boxer, The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, p. 50.
. Roteiro, p. 6.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, pp. 131–.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 132.
. Roteiro, p. 8.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 130.
. Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, p. 88.
. Roteiro, p. 16.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, pp. 131–.
. Roteiro, pp. 19–.
. Roteiro, p. 21.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 134.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 141.
. Boxer, The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, p. 40.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 143.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 143.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 137.
. Roteiro, p. 24.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 146.
. Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, p. 113.
. Roteiro, p. 25.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 146.
. Roteiro, p. 29.
. Roteiro, p. 30.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, pp. 148–.
. Roteiro, p. 28.
. Roteiro, p. 33.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 149.
. Roteiro, p. 36.
. Roteiro, p. 36.
. Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, p. 118.
. Roteiro, p. 37.
. Roteiro, pp. 37–.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, pp. 135–.
. Roteiro, p. 39.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 152.
. Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, p. 119.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, pp. 153–.
. Roteiro, pp. 41–.
. Roteiro, p. 44.
. Roteiro, pp. 44–.
. Roteiro, p. 45.
. Roteiro, p. 45.
. Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, pp. 122–.
. Roteiro, p. 46.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 155.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 156.
224. Roteiro, p. 48.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, pp. 173–.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 141.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 160.
. N. Sastri, A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar (London, 1966), p. 327.
. Keay, India: A History, p. 277.
. Roteiro, p. 48.
. Roteiro, p. 49.
. Roteiro, p. 50.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, pp. 139–.
. Roteiro, p. 50.
. Roteiro, p. 50.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 141.
. Roteiro, pp. 49–.
. Roteiro, p. 51.
. Roteiro, p. 52.
. Roteiro, pp. 53–.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 177.
. Roteiro, p. 54.
. Roteiro, p. 55.
. Roteiro, p. 56.
. Roteiro, p. 56.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 140.
. Roteiro, p. 58.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 178.
. Roteiro, p. 59.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 179.
. Roteiro, p. 60.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, pp. 179–.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, pp. 180–.
. Roteiro, p. 62.
. Roteiro, p. 64.
. Roteiro, pp. 64–.
. Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, p. 141.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 184.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 183.
. Roteiro, p. 66.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 184.
. Roteiro, p. 68.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 186.
. Roteiro, p. 68.
. Roteiro, p. 69.
. Roteiro, pp. 70–.
. Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, pp. 142–.
. Roteiro, pp. 73–.
. Roteiro, p. 77.
. Roteiro, p. 80.
. Roteiro, pp. 83–.
. Roteiro, pp. 84–.
. Roteiro, pp. 89–.
274. Correa, The Three Voyages, pp. 262–.
. Correa, The Three Voyages, pp. 264–.
. Livermore, A New History of Portugal, pp. 134–.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 143.
. Ravenstein, A Journal, Appendix A, pp. 113–.
. Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, pp. 150–.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 201.
. Howe, In Quest of Spices, p. 143.
. Diffie and Williams, Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, pp. 176–.
. Roteiro, p. 98.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 191.
. Hart, Sea Road to the Indies, p. 203.
. Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, p. 164.
. Boxer, The Portuguese Seabourne Empire, p. 59.
. Boxer, The Portuguese Seabourne Empire, p. 63.
. Boxer, The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, pp. 51–.
. Toussaint, History of the Indian Ocean, p. 112.
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Unknown Seas: The Portuguese Captains and the Passage to India Page 34