[2] Crustumerium was a colony of the Albans sent out many years before the founding of Rome. The fame of the general’s valour in war and of his clemency to the conquered being spread through many cities, many brave men joined him, bringing with them considerable bodies of troops, who migrated with their whole families. From one of these leaders, who came from Tyrrhenia and whose name was Caelius, one of the hills, on which he settled, is to this day called the Caelian. Whole cities also submitted to him, beginning with Medullia, and became Roman colonies.
[3] Σαβῖνοι δὲ ταῦτα ὁρῶντες ἤχθοντο καὶ δι᾽ αἰτίας ἀλλήλους εἶχον, ὅτι οὐκ ἀρχομένην τὴν Ῥωμαίων ἰσχὺν ἐκώλυσαν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ μέγα προηκούσῃ συμφέρεσθαι ἔμελλον, ἐδόκει τε αὐτοῖς ἐπανορθώσασθαι τὴν προτέραν ἄγνοιαν ἀξιολόγου δυνάμεως ἀποστολῇ. καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο ἀγορὰν ποιησάμενοι σύμπαντες ἐν τῇ μεγίστῃ τε πόλει καὶ πλεῖστον ἀξίωμα ἐχούσῃ τοῦ ἔθνους, ᾗ Κυρὶς ὄνομα ἦν, ψῆφον ὑπὲρ τοῦ πολέμου διήνεγκαν [p. 206] ἀποδείξαντες ἡγεμόνα τῆς στρατιᾶς Τῖτον, ὃς
[3] But the Sabines, seeing these things, were displeased and blamed one another for not having crushed the power of the Romans while it was in its infancy, instead of which they were now to contend with it when it was greatly increased. They determined, therefore, to make amends for their former mistake by sending out an army of respectable size. And soon afterwards, assembling a general council in the greatest and most famous city in the nation, called Cures, they voted for the war and appointed Titus, surnamed Tatius, the king of that city, to be their general.
[4] ἐπεκαλεῖτο Τάτιος, βασιλέα Κυριτῶν. Σαβῖνοι μὲν δὴ ταῦτα βουλευσάμενοι καὶ διαλυθέντες κατὰ τὰς πόλεις τὰ πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον ηὐτρεπίζοντο, ὡς εἰς νέωτα ἐπὶ τὴν Ῥώμην πολλῇ χειρὶ ἐλάσοντες.
[4] After the Sabines had come to this decision, the assembly broke up and all returned home to their several cities, where they busied themselves with their preparations for the war, planning to advance on Rome with a great army the following year.
[1] ἐν τούτῳ δὲ καὶ ὁ Ῥωμύλος ἀντιπαρεσκευάζετο τὰ κράτστα, ὡς ἀμυνούμενος ἄνδρας τὰ πολέμια ἀλκίμους, τοῦ μὲν Παλατίου τὸ τεῖχος ὡς ἀσφαλέστερον εἶναι τοῖς ἔνδον ὑψηλοτέροις ἐρύμασιν ἐγείρων, τοὺς δὲ παρακειμένους αὐτῷ λόφους τόν τε Αὐεντῖνον καὶ τὸν Καπιτωλῖνον νῦν λεγόμενον ἀποταφρεύων καὶ χαρακώμασι καρτεροῖς περιλαμβάνων, ἐν οἷς τὰ ποίμνια καὶ τοὺς γεωργοὺς αὐλίζεσθαι τὰς νύκτας ἐπέταξεν ἐχεγγύῳ φρουρᾷ καταλαβὼν ἑκάτερον, καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο χωρίον ἀσφάλειαν αὐτοῖς παρέξειν ἔμελλεν ἀποταφρεύων καὶ περισταυρῶν καὶ
[37.1] In the meantime Romulus also was making the best preparations he could in his turn, realizing that he was to defend himself against a warlike people. With this in view, he raised the wall of the Palatine hill by building higher ramparts upon it as a further security to the inhabitants, and fortified the adjacent hills — the Aventine and the one now called the Capitoline — with ditches and strong palisades, and upon these hills he ordered the husbandmen with their flocks to pass the nights, securing each of them by a sufficient garrison; and likewise any other place that promised to afford them security he fortified with ditches and palisades and kept under guard.
[2] διὰ φυλακῆς ἔχων. ἧκε δὲ αὐτῷ Τυρρηνῶν ἐπικουρίαν ἱκανὴν ἄγων ἐκ Σολωνίου πόλεως ἀνὴρ δραστήριος καὶ τὰ πολέμια ἔργα διαφανής, Λοκόμων ὄνομα, φίλος οὐ πρὸ πολλοῦ γεγονώς, καὶ παρ᾽ Ἀλβανῶν ἄνδρες, οὓς ὁ πάππος ἔπεμψεν αὐτῷ, συχνοὶ στρατιῶταί τε καὶ ὑπηρέται καὶ τεχνῖται πολεμικῶν ἔργων, σῖτός τε καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ὅσα τούτοις πρόσφορα ἦν ἱκανῶς ἅπαντα ἐπεχορηγεῖτο.
[2] In the meantime there came to him a man of action and reputation for military achievements, named Lucumo, lately become his friend, who brought with him from the city of Solonium a considerable body of Tyrrhenian mercenaries. There came to him also from the Albans, sent by his grandfather, a goodly number of soldiers with their attendants, and with them artificers for making engines of war; these men were adequately supplied with provisions, arms, and all necessary equipment.
[3] ἐπεὶ δ᾽ ἐν ἑτοίμῳ τὰ [p. 207] πρὸς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἦν ἑκατέροις, ἔαρος ἀρχομένου μέλλοντες ἐξάγειν οἱ Σαβῖνοι τὰς δυνάμεις ἔγνωσαν ἀποστεῖλαι πρεσβείαν πρῶτον ὡς τοὺς πολεμίους τάς τε γυναῖκας ἀξιώσουσαν ἀπολαβεῖν καὶ δίκας ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν αἰτήσουσαν τῆς ἁρπαγῆς, ἵνα δὴ δι᾽ ἀνάγκην δοκῶσιν ἀνειληφέναι τὸν πόλεμον οὐ τυγχάνοντες τῶν δικαίων, καὶ τοὺς κήρυκας ἔπεμπον ἐπὶ ταῦτα.
[3] When everything was ready for the war on both sides, the Sabines, who planned to take the field at the beginning of spring, resolved first to send an embassy to the enemy both to ask for the return of the women and to demand satisfaction for their seizure, just so that they might seem to have undertaken the war from necessity when they failed to get justice, and they were sending the heralds for this purpose.
[4] Ῥωμύλου δὲ ἀξιοῦντος τὰς μὲν γυναῖκας, ἐπειδὴ οὐδ᾽ αὐταῖς ἀκούσαις ὁ μετὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν βίος ἦν, ἐᾶν παρὰ τοῖς γεγαμηκόσι μένειν, εἰ δέ τινος ἄλλου δέονται λαμβάνειν ὡς παρὰ φίλων, πολέμου δὲ μὴ ἄρχειν, οὐδενὶ τῶν ἀξιουμένων ὑπακούσαντες ἐξῆγον τὴν στρατιὰν πεζοὺς μὲν ἄγοντες πεντακισχιλίους ἐπὶ δύο μυριάσιν, ἱππεῖς δὲ ὀλίγου δέοντας χιλίων.
[4] Romulus, however, asked that the women, since they themselves were not unwilling to live with their husbands, should be permitted to remain with them; but he offered to grant the Sabines anything else they desired, provided they asked it as from friends and did not begin war. Thereupon the others, agreeing to none of his proposals, led out their army, which consisted of twenty-five thousand foot and almost a thousand horse.
[5] ἦν δὲ καὶ ἡ τῶν Ῥωμαίων δύναμις οὐ πολὺ τῆς Σαβίνων δέουσα δύο μὲν αἱ τῶν πεζῶν μυριάδες, ὀκτακόσιοι δ᾽ ἱππεῖς, καὶ προεκάθητο τῆς πόλεως διχῇ διῃρημένη, μία μὲν μοῖρα τὸν Ἐσκυλῖνον κατέχουσα λόφον, ἐφ᾽ ἧς αὐτὸς ὁ Ῥωμύλος ἦν, ἑτέρα δὲ τὸν Κυρίνιον οὔπω ταύτην ἔχοντα τὴν προσηγορίαν, ἧς ὁ Τυρρηνὸς ἦν Λοκόμων ἡγεμών.
[5] And the Roman army was not much smaller than that of the Sabines, the foot amounting to twenty thousand and the horse to eight hundred; it was encamped before the city in two divisions, one of them, under Romulus himself, being posted on the Esquiline hill, and the other, commanded by Lucumo, the Tyrrhenian
, on the Quirinal, which did not as yet have that name.
[1] μαθὼν δὲ τὴν παρασκευὴν αὐτῶν Τάτιος ὁ τῶν Σαβίνων βασιλεὺς νυκτὸς ἀναστήσας τὸν στρατὸν ἦγε διὰ τῆς χώρας οὐδὲν σινόμενος τῶν [p. 208] κατὰ τοὺς ἀγροὺς καὶ πρὶν ἀνατεῖλαι τὸν ἥλιον μεταξὺ τοῦ τε Κυρινίου καὶ τοῦ Καπιτωλίου τίθησιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὸν χάρακα. ὁρῶν δὲ ἀσφαλεῖ πάντα φυλακῇ κατεχόμενα πρὸς τῶν πολεμίων, σφίσι δὲ οὐδὲν χωρίον ἀπολειπόμενον ὀχυρὸν εἰς πολλὴν ἐνέπιπτεν ἀπορίαν οὐκ ἔχων ὅ τι χρήσεται τῇ τριβῇ τοῦ χρόνου.
[38.1] Tatius, the king of the Sabines, being informed of their preparations, broke camp in the night and led his army through the country, without doing any damage to the property in the fields, and before sunrise encamped on the plain that lies between the Quirinal and Capitoline hills. But observing all the posts to be securely guarded by the enemy and no strong position left for his army, he fell into great perplexity, not knowing what use to make of the enforced delay.
[2] ἀμηχανοῦντι δὲ αὐτῷ παράδοξος εὐτυχία γίνεται παραδοθέντος τοῦ κρατίστου τῶν ὀχυρωμάτων κατὰ τοιάνδε τινὰ συντυχίαν. παρεξιόντας γὰρ τὴν ῥίζαν τοῦ Καπιτωλίου τοὺς Σαβίνους εἰς ἐπίσκεψιν, εἴ τι μέρος εὑρεθείη τοῦ λόφου κλοπῇ ληφθῆναι δυνατὸν ἢ βίᾳ, παρθένος τις ἀπὸ τοῦ μετεώρου κατεσκόπει θυγάτηρ ἀνδρὸς ἐπιφανοῦς, ᾧ προσέκειτο ἡ
[2] While he was thus at his wit’s end, he met with an unexpected piece of good fortune, the strongest of the fortresses being delivered up to him in the following circumstances. It seems that, while the Sabines were passing by the foot of the Capitoline to view the place and see whether any part of the hill could be taken within by surprise of or by force, they were observed from above by a maiden whose name was Tarpeia, the daughter of a distinguished man who had been entrusted with the guarding of the place.
[3] τοῦ χωρίου φυλακή, Τάρπεια ὄνομα: καὶ αὐτὴν, ὡς μὲν Φάβιός τε καὶ Κίγκιος γράφουσιν, ἔρως εἰσέρχεται τῶν ψελλίων, ἃ περὶ τοῖς ἀριστεροῖς βραχίοσιν ἐφόρουν, καὶ τῶν δακτυλίων: χρυσοφόροι γὰρ ἦσαν οἱ Σαβῖνοι τότε καὶ Τυρρηνῶν οὐχ ἧττον ἁβροδίαιτοι: ὡς δὲ Πείσων Λεύκιος ὁ τιμητικὸς ἱστορεῖ, καλοῦ πράγματος ἐπιθυμία γυμνοὺς τῶν σκεπαστηρίων ὅπλων παραδοῦναι τοῖς πολίταις τοὺς πολεμίους. ὁπότερον δὲ τούτων ἀληθέστερόν ἐστιν ἐκ τῶν ὕστερον γενομένων ἔξεστιν εἰκάζειν.
[3] This maiden, as both Fabius and Cincius relate, conceived a desire for the bracelets which the men wore on their left arms and for their rings; for at that time the Sabines wore ornaments of gold and were no less luxurious in their habits than the Tyrrhenians. But according to the account given by Lucius Piso, the ex-censor, she was inspired by the desire of performing a noble deed, namely, to deprive the enemy of their defensive arms and thus deliver them up to her fellow citizens.
[4] πέμψασα δ᾽ οὖν τῶν θεραπαινίδων τινὰ διὰ πυλίδος, ἣν οὐδεὶς ἔμαθεν ἀνοιγομένην, ἠξίου τὸν βασιλέα τῶν Σαβίνων ἐλθεῖν αὑτῇ δίχα τῶν ἄλλων εἰς λόγους, ὡς ἐκείνῳ διαλεξομένη περὶ πράγματος ἀναγκαίου καὶ μεγάλου. δεξαμένου δὲ [p. 209] τοῦ Τατίου τὸν λόγον κατ᾽ ἐλπίδα προδοσίας καὶ συνελθόντος εἰς τὸν ἀποδειχθέντα τόπον, προελθοῦσα εἰς ἐφικτὸν ἡ παρθένος ἐξεληλυθέναι μὲν νυκτὸς ἐκ τοῦ φρουρίου τὸν πατέρα αὑτῆς ἔφη χρείας τινὸς ἕνεκα, τὰς δὲ κλεῖς αὐτὴ φυλάττειν τῶν πυλῶν καὶ παραδώσειν αὐτοῖς τὸ ἔρυμα νυκτὸς ἀφικομένοις μισθὸν τῆς προδοσίας λαβοῦσα τὰ φορήματα τῶν Σαβίνων, ἃ περὶ τοῖς εὐωνύμοις εἶχον ἅπαντες βραχίοσιν.
[4] Which of these accounts is the truer may be conjectured by what happened afterwards. This girl, therefore, sending out one of her maids by a little gate which was not known to be open, desired the king of the Sabines to come and confer with her in private, as if she had an affair of necessity and importance to communicate to him. Tatius, in the hope of having the place betrayed to him, accepted the proposal and came to the place appointed; and the maiden, approaching within speaking distance, informed him that her father had gone out of the fortress during the night on some business, but that she had the keys of the gates, and if they came in the night, she would deliver up the place to them upon condition that they gave her as a reward for her treachery the things which all the Sabines wore on their left arms.
[5] εὐδοκοῦντος δὲ τοῦ Τατίου λαβοῦσα τὰς πίστεις δι᾽ ὅρκων παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ καὶ αὐτὴ δοῦσα τοῦ μὴ ψεύδεσθαι τὰς ὁμολογίας τόπον τε ὁρίσασα, ἐφ᾽ ὃν ἔδει τοὺς Σαβίνους ἐλθεῖν, τὸν ἐχυρώτατον καὶ νυκτὸς ὥραν τὴν ἀφυλακτοτάτην ἀπῄει καὶ τοὺς ἔνδον ἔλαθε.
[5] And when Tatius consented to this, she received his sworn pledge for the faithful performance of the agreement and gave him hers. Then having appointed, as the place to which the Sabines were to repair, the strongest part of the fortress, and the most unguarded hour of the night as the time for the enterprise, she returned without being observed by those inside.
[1] μέχρι μὲν δὴ τούτων συμφέρονται πάντες οἱ Ῥωμαίων συγγραφεῖς, ἐν δὲ τοῖς ὕστερον λεγομένοις οὐχ ὁμολογοῦσι. Πείσων γὰρ ὁ τιμητικός, οὗ καὶ πρότερον ἐμνήσθην, ἄγγελόν φησιν ὑπὸ τῆς Ταρπείας ἀποσταλῆναι νύκτωρ ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου δηλώσοντα τῷ Ῥωμύλῳ τὰς γενομένας τῇ κόρῃ πρὸς τοὺς Σαβίνους ὁμολογίας, ὅτι μέλλοι τὰ σκεπαστήρια παρ᾽ αὐτῶν αἰτεῖν ὅπλα διὰ τῆς κοινότητος τῶν ὁμολογιῶν παρακρουσαμένη, δύναμίν τε ἀξιώσοντα πέμπειν ἐπὶ τὸ φρούριον ἑτέραν νυκτός, ὡς αὐτῷ στρατηλάτῃ παραληψόμενον τοὺς πολεμίους γυμνοὺς τῶν ὅπλων: [p. 210] τὸν δὲ ἄγγελον αὐτομολήσαντα πρὸς τὸν ἡγεμόνα τῶν Σαβίνων κατήγορον γενέσθαι τῶν τῆς Ταρπείας βουλευμάτων.
[39.1] So far all the Roman historians agree, but not in what follows. For Piso, the ex-censor, whom I mentioned before, says that a messenger was sent out of the place by Tarpeia in the night to inform Romulus of the agreement she had made with the Sabines, in consequence of which she proposed, by taking advantage of the ambiguity of the expression in that agreement, to demand their defensive arms, and asking him at the same time to send a reinforcement to the fortress that night, so that the enemy together with their commander, being deprived of their arms, might be taken prisoners; but the messenger, he says, deserted to the Sabine commander and acquainted him with the designs of Tarpei
a. Nevertheless, Fabius and Cincius say that no such thing occurred, but they insist that girl kept her treacherous compact.
[2] οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Φάβιόν τε καὶ Κίγκιον οὐδὲν τοιοῦτο γεγονέναι λέγουσιν, ἀλλὰ φυλάξαι τὴν κόρην διαβεβαιοῦνται τὰς περὶ τῆς προδοσίας συνθήκας. τὰ δ᾽ ἑξῆς ἅπαντες πάλιν ὁμοίως γράφουσι. φασὶ γὰρ ὅτι παραγενομένου σὺν τῷ κρατίστῳ τῆς στρατιᾶς μέρει τοῦ βασιλέως τῶν Σαβίνων φυλάττουσα τὰς ὑποσχέσεις ἡ Τάρπεια τοῖς μὲν πολεμίοις ἀνέῳξε τὴν συγκειμένην πυλίδα, τοὺς δ᾽ ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ φύλακας ἀναστήσασα διαταχέων σώζειν ἑαυτοὺς ἠξίου καθ᾽ ἑτέρας ἐξόδους τοῖς πολεμίοις ἀφανεῖς, ὡς κατεχόντων ἤδη τῶν Σαβίνων τὸ φρούριον:
[2] In what follows, however, all are once more in agreement. For they say that upon the arrival of the king of the Sabines with the flower of his army, Tarpeia, keeping her promise, opened to the enemy the gate agreed upon, and rousing the garrison, urged them to save themselves speedily by other exits unknown to the enemy, as if the Sabines were already masters of the place;
Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79) Page 458