[3] The third war Romulus engaged in was against the most powerful city of the Tyrrhenian race at that time, called Veii, distant from Rome about a hundred stades; it is situated on a high and craggy rock and is as large as Athens. The Veientes made the taking of Fidenae the pretext for this war, and sending ambassadors, they bade the Romans withdraw their garrison from that city and restore to its original possessors the territory they had taken from them and were now occupying. And when their demand was not heeded, they took the field with a great army and established their camp in a conspicuous place near Fidenae.
[4] προεγνωκὼς δὲ αὐτῶν τὴν ἔξοδον ὁ Ῥωμύλος ἐξεληλύθει τὴν κρατίστην δύναμιν ἔχων καὶ ἦν ἐν τῇ πόλει τῶν Φιδηναίων εὐτρεπής. ἐπεὶ δ᾽ ἕτοιμα τὰ πρὸς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἦν, ἀμφότεροι προελθόντες εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἐμάχοντο καὶ διέμειναν ἄχρι πολλῆς ὥρας ἐκθύμως ἀγωνιζόμενοι, τέως ἡ νὺξ ἐπιλαβοῦσα διέκρινεν αὐτοὺς ἴσους κατὰ τὸν ἀγῶνα γενομένους. καὶ ταύτην μὲν τὴν μάχην οὕτως ἠγωνίσαντο:
[4] Romulus, however, having received advance information of their march, had set out with the flower of his army and lay ready at Fidenae to receive them. When all their preparations were made for the struggle, both armies advanced into the plain and came to grips, and they continued fighting with great ardour for a long time, till the coming on of night parted them, after they had proved themselves evenly matched in the struggle. This was the course of the first battle.
[1] ἑτέρας δὲ μάχης μετ᾽ οὐ πολὺ γενομένης, ἐνίκων οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι σοφίᾳ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος ὄρος τι καταλαβομένου νύκτωρ οὐ πολὺν τοῦ στρατοπέδου τῶν πολεμίων τόπον ἀπέχον καὶ λοχίσαντος ἐν αὐτῷ τὴν ἀκμαιοτάτην τῶν ὕστερον ἀφικομένων ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ἱππέων τε καὶ πεζῶν δύναμιν.
[55.1] But in a second battle, which was fought not long afterwards, the Romans were victorious as the result of the strategy of their general, who had occupied in the night a certain height not far distant from the enemy’s camp and placed there in ambush the choicest both of the horse and foot that had come to him from Rome since the last action.
[2] συνελθόντων δ᾽ εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀμφοτέρων καὶ τὸν αὐτὸν ἀγωνιζομένων τρόπον, ἐπειδὴ τὸ σύνθημα ὁ Ῥωμύλος ἦρε τοῖς ἐπὶ τοῦ ὄρους, ἀλαλάξαντες οἱ λοχῶντες ἔθεον ἐπὶ τοὺς [p. 232] Οὐιεντανοὺς ἐκ τῶν κατόπιν καὶ προσπεσόντες ἀνθρώποις μεμοχθηκόσιν αὐτοὶ ἀκμῆτες ὄντες οὐ σὺν πολλῷ τρέπουσι χρόνῳ. τῶν δ᾽ ὀλίγοι μέν τινες ἀποθνήσκουσι κατὰ τὴν μάχην, οἱ δὲ πλείους εἰς τὸν Τέβεριν ποταμόν ῾ῥεῖ δὲ παρὰ τὴν Φιδήνην᾽ ῥίψαντες ἑαυτούς, ὡς διανηξόμενοι τὸ ῥεῦμα, διεφθάρησαν. τραυματίαι γὰρ ὄντες καὶ βαρεῖς ὑπὸ κόπου ἀδύνατοι ἐγένοντο διανήξασθαι: οἱ δὲ καὶ ἀπειρίᾳ τοῦ νεῖν, οὐ προϊδόντες, ὑπὸ τοῦ δεινοῦ τὴν γνώμην ἐπιταραχθέντες ἐν ταῖς δίναις ἀπώλλυντο.
[2] The two armies met in the plain and fought in the same manner as before; but when Romulus raised the signal to the troops that lay in ambush on the height, these, raising the battle cry, rushed upon the Veientes from the rear, and being themselves fresh while the enemy were fatigued, they point them to flight with no great difficulty. Some few of them were slain in battle, but the great part, throwing themselves into the Tiber, which flows by Fidenae, with the intention of swimming across the river, were drowned; for, being wounded and spent with labour, they were unable to swim across, while others, who did not know how to swim and had not looked ahead, having lost all presence of mind in face of the danger, perished in the eddies of the river.
[3] εἰ μὲν οὖν συνέγνωσαν ἑαυτοῖς Οὐιεντανοὶ κακῶς τὰ πρῶτα βεβουλευμένοις καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ἦγον ἡσυχίαν οὐδενὸς ἂν ἔτι μείζονος ἀπέλαυσαν κακοῦ, νῦν δὲ ἀναμαχεῖσθαί τε τὰ πρότερα σφάλματα ἐλπίσαντες καὶ εἰ μείζονι παρασκευῇ ἐπιβάλοιεν, ῥᾳδίως ἐπικρατήσειν οἰόμενοι τῷ πολέμῳ, πολλῇ στρατιᾷ τῇ τε ἐξ αὐτῆς τῆς πόλεως καταγραφείσῃ καὶ τῇ ἐκ τῶν ὁμοεθνῶν κατὰ φιλίαν παραγενομένῃ τὸ δεύτερον ἐπὶ τοὺς Ῥωμαίους ἐλαύνουσι:
[3] If, now, the Veientes had realized that their first plans had been ill-advised and had remained quiet after this, they would have met with no greater misfortune; but, as it was, hoping to repair their former losses and believing that if they attacked with a larger force they would easily conquer in the war, they set out a second time against the Romans with a large army, consisting both of the levy from the city itself and of others of the same race who in virtue of their league came to their assistance.
[4] καὶ γίνεται πάλιν αὐτῶν μάχη καρτερὰ τῆς Φιδήνης πλησίον, ἣν ἐνίκων Ῥωμαῖοι πολλοὺς μὲν ἀποκτείναντες τῶν Οὐιεντανῶν, ἔτι δὲ πλείους αἰχμαλώτους λαβόντες. ἑάλω δὲ καὶ ὁ χάραξ αὐτῶν μεστὸς ὢν χρημάτων τε καὶ ὅπλων καὶ ἀνδραπόδων, καὶ σκάφαι ποταμηγοὶ γέμουσαι πολλῆς ἀγορᾶς ἐλήφθησαν, [p. 233] ἐν αἷς ὁ τῶν αἰχμαλώτων ὄχλος εἰς τὴν Ῥώμην κατήγετο διὰ τοῦ ποταμοῦ.
[4] Upon this, another severe battle was fought near Fidenae, in which the Romans were victorious, after killing many of the Veientes and taking more of them prisoners. Even their camp was taken, which was full of money, arms and slaves, and likewise their boats, which were laden with great store of provisions; and in these the multitude of prisoners were carried down the river to Rome.
[5] οὗτος κατήχθη τρίτος ὑπὸ Ῥωμύλου θρίαμβρος μακρῷ τῶν προτέρων ἐκπρεπέστερος. καὶ μετ᾽ οὐ πολὺ Οὐιεντανῶν πρεσβείας ἀφικομένης περὶ διαλύσεως τοῦ πολέμου καὶ συγγνώμην τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἀξιούσης λαβεῖν δίκας ὁ Ῥωμύλος αὐτοῖς ἐπιτίθησι τάς2δε: χώραν τε παραδοῦναι Ῥωμαίοις τὴν προσεχῆ τῷ Τεβέρει, τοὺς καλουμένους Ἑπτὰ πάγους, καὶ τῶν ἁλῶν ἀποστῆναι τῶν παρὰ ταῖς ἐκβολαῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ, τοῦ δὲ μηδὲν ἔτι νεωτερίσαι τὸ πιστὸν παρασχεῖν ὅμηρα πεντήκοντα ἀγογόντας.
[5] This was the third triumph that Romulus celebrated, and it was much more magnificent than either of the former. And when, not long afterwards, ambassadors arrived from the Veientes to seek an end to the war and to ask pardon for their offences, Romulus imposed the following penalties upon them: to deliver up to the Romans the country adjacent to the Tiber, called the Seven Districts, and to abandon the salt-works near the mouth of the river, and also to bring fifty hostages as a pledge that they would attempt no uprising in the future.
[6] ὑπομεινάντων δὲ Οὐιεντανῶν ἅπαντα ταῦτα σπονδὰς ποιησάμ�
�νος πρὸς αὐτοὺς εἰς ἑκατὸν ἔτη στήλαις ἐνεχάραξε τὰς ὁμολογίας. τῶν δ᾽ αἰχμαλώτων τοὺς μὲν ἀπιέναι βουλομένους ἀφῆκεν ἄνευ λύτρων, τοὺς δ᾽ αὐτοῦ μένειν προαιρουμένους πολλῷ πλείους ὄντας τῶν ἑτέρων πολίτας ποιησάμενος ταῖς φράτραις ἐπιδιεῖλε καὶ κλήρους αὐτοῖς προσένειμε τοὺς ἐπὶ τάδε τοῦ Τεβέριος.
[6] When the Veientes submitted to all these demands, he made a treaty with them for one hundred years and engraved terms of it on pillars. He then dismissed without ransom all the prisoners who desired to return home; but those who preferred to remain in Rome — and these were far more numerous than the others — he made citizens, distributing them among the curiae and assigning to them allotments of land on this side of the Tiber.
[1] οὗτοι συνέστησαν οἱ πόλεμοι Ῥωμύλῳ λόγου καὶ μνήμης ἄξιοι. τοῦ δὲ μηδὲν ἔτι τῶν πλησίον ἐθνῶν ὑπαγαγέσθαι ταχεῖα ἡ τελευτὴ τοῦ βίου συμβᾶσα ἔτι ἀκμάζοντι αὐτῷ τὰ πολέμια πράττειν ἐν αἰτίᾳ γενέσθαι ἔδοξε: περὶ ἧς πολλοὶ παραδέδονται λόγοι καὶ διάφοροι.
[56.1] These are the memorable wars which Romulus waged. His failure to subdue any more of the neighbouring nations seems to have been due to his sudden death, which happened while he was still in the vigour of his age for warlike achievements. There are many different stories concerning it.
[2] οἱ μὲν οὖν μυθωδέστερα τὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ ποιοῦντες ἐκκλησιάζοντά φασιν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ στρατοπέδου [p. 234] ζόφου κατασκήψαντος ἐξ αἰθρίας καὶ χειμῶνος μεγάλου καταρραγέντος ἀφανῆ γενέσθαι καὶ πεπιστεύκασιν ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς Ἄρεος τὸν ἄνδρα ἀνηρπάσθαι:
[2] Those who give a rather fabulous account of his life say that while he was haranguing his men in the camp, sudden darkness rushed down out of a clear sky and a violent storm burst, after which he was nowhere to be seen; and these writers believe that he was caught up into heaven by his father, Mars.
[3] οἱ δὲ τὰ πιθανώτερα γράφοντες πρὸς τῶν ἰδίων πολιτῶν λέγουσιν αὐτὸν ἀποθανεῖν. αἰτίαν δὲ τῆς ἀναιρέσεως αὐτοῦ φέρουσι τήν τε ἄφεσιν τῶν ὁμήρων, οὓς παρὰ Οὐιεντανῶν ἔλαβεν, ἄνευ κοινῆς γνώμης γενομένην παρὰ τὸ εἰωθός, καὶ τὸ μηκέτι τὸν αὐτὸν προσφέρεσθαι τρόπον τοῖς ἀρχαιοτάτοις πολίταις καὶ τοῖς προσγράφοις, ἀλλὰ τοὺς μὲν ἐν τιμῇ πλείονι ἄγειν, τῶν δ᾽ ἐπεισαχθέντων ὑπερορᾶν, τό τε ὠμὸν αὐτοῦ τὸ περὶ τὰς τιμωρίας τῶν ἐξαμαρτανόντων καὶ αὔθαδες, ῾Ῥωμαίων γάρ τινας ἐπὶ λῃστείᾳ τῶν πλησιοχώρων κατηγορηθέντας οὔτε ἀφανεῖς ἄνδρας οὔτε ὀλίγους ἐκέλευσεν ὦσαι κατὰ τοῦ κρημνοῦ τὴν δίκην αὐτὸς μόνος δικάσασ᾽ μάλιστα δὲ ὅτι βαρὺς ἤδη καὶ αὐθάδης εἶναι ἐδόκει καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν οὐκέτι βασιλικῶς ἀλλὰ τυραννικώτερον ἐξάγειν.
[3] But those who write the more plausible accounts say that he was killed by his own people; and the reason they allege for his murder is that he released without the common consent, contrary to custom, the hostages he had taken from the Veientes, and that he no longer comported himself in the same manner toward the original citizens and toward those who were enrolled later, but showed greater honour to the former and slighted the latter, and also because of his great cruelty in the punishment of delinquents (for instance, he had ordered a group of Romans who were accused of brigandage against the neighbouring peoples to be hurled down the precipice after he had sat alone in judgment upon them, although they were neither of mean birth nor few in number), but chiefly because he now seemed to be harsh and arbitrary and to be exercising his power more like a tyrant than a king.
[4] διὰ ταύτας δὴ λέγουσι τὰς αἰτίας συστάντας ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ τοὺς πατρικίους βουλεῦσαι τὸν φόνον, πρᾶξαι δὲ τὸ ἔργον ἐν τῷ βουλευτηρίῳ καὶ διελόντας τὸ σῶμα κατὰ μέρη χάριν τοῦ μὴ φανῆναι τὸν νεκρὸν ἐξελθεῖν κρύπτοντας ὑπὸ ταῖς περιβολαῖς ὅσον ἕκαστος εἶχεν αὐτοῦ
[4] For these reasons, they say, the patricians formed a conspiracy against him and resolved to slay him; and having carried out the deed in the senate-house, they divided his body into several pieces, that it might not be seen, and then came out, each one hiding his part of the body under his robes, and afterwards burying it in secret.
[5] μέρος καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο γῇ κρύψαι κατὰ τὸ ἀφανές. οἱ δ᾽ ἐκκλησιάζοντα μὲν αὐτόν φασιν ὑπὸ τῶν νεοπολιτῶν Ῥωμαίων ἀναιρεθῆναι, ἐπιχειρῆσαι δ᾽ αὐτοὺς [p. 235] τῷ φόνῳ καθ᾽ ὃν χρόνον δηλαδὴ καὶ τὸ σκότος ἐγένετο διασκεδασθέντος ἐκ τῆς ἐκκλησίας τοῦ δήμου καὶ μονωθέντος τῆς φυλακῆς τοῦ ἡγεμόνος. διὰ τοῦτο γοῦν φασι τὴν ἡμέραν ἐν ᾗ τὸ πάθος ἐγένετο τῆς τροπῆς τοῦ πλήθους ἐπώνυμον εἶναι καὶ μέχρι τῶν καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς χρόνων ὄχλου φυγὴν καλεῖσθαι.
[5] Others say that while haranguing the people he was slain by the new citizens of Rome, and that they undertook the murder at the time when the rain and the darkness occurred, the assembly of the people being then dispersed and their chief left without his guard. And for this reason, they say, the day on which this event happened got its name from the flight of the people and is called Populifugia down to our times.
[6] ἔοικε δ᾽ οὐ μικρὰν ἀφορμὴν παρέχειν τοῖς θεοποιοῦσι τὰ θνητὰ καὶ εἰς οὐρανὸν ἀναβιβάζουσι τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν ἐπιφανῶν τὰ συμβάντα ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ περὶ τὴν σύγκρισιν τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἐκείνου καὶ τὴν διάκρισιν. ἔν τε γὰρ τῷ βιασμῷ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ εἴθ᾽ ὑπ᾽ ἀνθρώπων τινὸς εἴθ᾽ ὑπὸ θεοῦ γενομένῳ τὸν ἥλιον ἐκλιπεῖν φασιν ὅλον καὶ σκότος παντελῶς ὥσπερ ἐν νυκτὶ τὴν γῆν κατασχεῖν ἔν τε τῇ τελευτῇ αὐτοῦ ταὐτὸ συμβῆναι λέγουσι πάθος.
[6] Be that as it may, the incidents that occurred by the direction of Heaven in connexion with this man’s conception and death would seem to give no small authority to the view of those who make gods of mortal men and place the souls of illustrious persons in heaven. For they say that at the time when his mother was violated, whether by some man or by a god, there was a total eclipse of the sun and a general darkness as in the night covered the earth, and that at his death the same thing happened.
[7] ὁ μὲν δὴ κτίσας τὴν Ῥώμην καὶ πρῶτος ἀποδειχθεὶς ὑπ᾽ αὐτῆς βασιλεὺς Ῥωμύλος τοιαύτης λέγεται τελευτῆς τυχεῖν, οὐδεμίαν ἐξ αὑτοῦ γενεὰν καταλιπών, ἑπτὰ μὲν ἔτη καὶ τριάκοντα βασιλεύσας, �
�εντηκοστὸν δὲ καὶ πέμπτον ἔτος ἔχων ἀπὸ γενεᾶς. νέος γὰρ δὴ παντάπασιν ἔτυχε τῆς ἡγεμονίας ὀκτωκαιδεκαέτης ὤν, ὡς ἅπαντες ὁμολογοῦσιν οἱ τὰς περὶ αὐτοῦ συγγράψαντες ἱστορίας.
[7] Such, then, is reported to have been the death of Romulus, who built Rome and was chosen by her citizens as their first king. He left no issue, and after reigning thirty-seven years, died in the fifty-fifth year of his age; for he was very young when he obtained the rule, being no more than eighteen years old, as is agreed by all who have written his history.
[1] τῷ δ᾽ ἑξῆς ἐνιαυτῷ βασιλεὺς μὲν οὐδεὶς ἀπεδείχθη Ῥωμαίων, ἀρχὴ δέ τις, ἣν καλοῦσι μεσοβασίλειον, ἐπεμελεῖτο τῶν κοινῶν τοιόνδέ τινα τρόπον ἀποδεικνυμένη: τῶν πατρικίων οἱ καταγραφέντες εἰς τὴν βουλὴν ὑπὸ Ῥωμύλου διακόσιοι τὸν ἀριθμὸν [p. 236] ὄντες, ὥσπερ ἔφην, διενεμήθησαν εἰς δεκάδας: ἔπειτα διακληρωσάμενοι τοῖς λαλοῦσι δέκα πρώτοις ἀπέδωκαν ἄρχειν τῆς πόλεως τὴν αὐτοκράτορα ἀρχήν.
Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79) Page 463