[76.1] But the measures which I am now going to relate made it both careful to provide itself with necessaries and industrious in acquiring the advantages that flow from labour. For this man, considering that a State which was to love justice and to continue in the practice of moderation ought to abound in all things necessary to the support of life, divided the whole country into what are called pagi or “districts,” and over each of these districts he appointed an official whose duty it was to inspect and visit the lands lying in his own jurisdiction.
[2] οὗτοι γὰρ περιιόντες θαμινὰ τοὺς εὖ τε καὶ κακῶς εἰργασμένους τῶν ἀγρῶν ἀπεγράφοντο καὶ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα ἀπέφαινον, ὁ δὲ τοὺς μὲν ἐπιμελεῖς γεωργοὺς ἐπαίνοις τε καὶ φιλανθρωπίαις ἀνελάμβανε, τοὺς δὲ ἀργοὺς γεωργοὺς ὀνειδίζων τε καὶ ζημιῶν ἐπὶ τὸ θεραπεύειν ἄμεινον τὴν γῆν προὐτρέπετο. τοιγάρτοι πολέμων τε ἀπηλλαγμένοι καὶ τῶν κατὰ πόλιν πραγμάτων σχολὴν πολλὴν ἄγοντες ἀργίας τε καὶ βλακείας σὺν αἰσχύνῃ [p. 266] τίνοντες δίκας αὐτουργοὶ πάντες ἐγίνοντο καὶ τὸν ἐκ γῆς πλοῦτον ἁπάντων ὄντα πλούτων δικαιότατον τῆς στρατιωτικῆς καὶ οὐκ ἐχούσης τὸ βέβαιον εὐπορίας γλυκύτερον ἐτίθεντο.
[2] These men, going their rounds frequently, made a record of the lands that were well and ill cultivated and laid it before the king, who repaid the diligence of the careful husbandmen with commendations and favours, and by reprimanding and fining the slothful encouraged them to cultivate their lands with greater attention. Accordingly, the people, being freed from wars and exempt from any attendance on the affairs of the State, and at the same time being disgraced and punished for idleness and sloth, all became husbandmen and looked upon the riches which the earth yields and which of all others are the most just as more enjoyable than the precarious influence of a military life.
[3] τῷ δὲ Νόμᾳ περιῆν ἐκ τούτων φιλεῖσθαι μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀρχομένων, ζηλοῦσθαι δ᾽ ὑπὸ τῶν περιοίκων, μνημονεύεσθαι δ᾽ ὑπὸ τῶν ἐπιγινομένων: δι᾽ ὧν οὔτε στάσις ἐμφύλιος τὴν πολιτικὴν ἔλυσεν ὁμόνοιαν, οὔτε πόλεμος ἀλλοεθνὴς ἐκ τῶν κρατίστων καὶ θαυμασιωτάτων τὴν πόλιν ἐπιτηδευμάτων ἐκίνησε. τοσοῦτον γὰρ ἀπέσχον οἱ περίοικοι τὴν ἀπόλεμον ἡσυχίαν Ῥωμαίων ἀφορμὴν τῆς κατ᾽ αὐτῶν ἐπιθέσεως ὑπολαβεῖν, ὥστε καὶ εἴ τις αὐτοῖς πρὸς ἀλλήλους συνέστη πόλεμος διαλλακτῆρας ἐποιοῦντο Ῥωμαίους καὶ ἐπὶ διαιτητῇ Νόμᾳ
[3] And by the same means Numa came to be beloved of his subjects, the example of his neighbours, and the theme of posterity. It was owing to these measures that neither civil dissension broke the harmony of the State nor foreign war interrupted the observance of his most excellent and admirable institutions. For their neighbours were so far from looking upon the peaceful tranquillity of the Romans as an opportunity for attacking them, that, if at any time they were at war with one another, they chose the Romans for mediators and wished to settle their enmities under the arbitration of Numa.
[4] τὰς ἔχθρας διαλύειν ἠξίουν. τοῦτον οὖν οὐκ ἂν αἰσχυνθείην ἐγὼ τὸν ἄνδρα τῶν ἐπ᾽ εὐδαιμονίᾳ διαβοηθέντων ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις καταριθμεῖν. γένους τε γὰρ ἔφυ βασιλείου καὶ μορφῆς ἀπέλαυσε βασιλικῆς παιδείαν τε οὐ τὴν περὶ λόγους ἄχρηστον ἤσκησεν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐξ ἧς εὐσεβεῖν ἔμαθε καὶ τὰς ἄλλας ἐπιτηδεύειν ἀρετάς.
[4] This man, therefore, I should take no shame in placing among the foremost of those who have been celebrated for their felicity in life. For he was of royal birth and of royal appearance; and he pursued an education which was not the kind of useless training that deals only with words, but a discipline that taught him to practise piety and every other virtue.
[5] ἡγεμονίαν δὲ τὴν Ῥωμαίων παραλαβεῖν ἠξιώθη νέος ὢν κατὰ κλέος ἀρετῆς ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν ἐπίκλητος ἀχθεὶς καὶ διετέλεσε πειθομένοις ἅπαντα τὸν βίον τοῖς ἀρχομένοις χρώμενος: ἡλικίας δ᾽ ἐπὶ μήκιστον [p. 267] ἤλασεν ὁλόκληρος οὐδὲν ὑπὸ τῆς τύχης κακωθεὶς καὶ θανάτων τὸν ῥᾷστον ἐτελεύτησεν ὑπὸ γήρως μαρανθείς, ὁμοίου παραμείναντος αὐτῷ τοῦ συγκληρωθέντος ἐξ ἀρχῆς δαίμονος ἕως ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἠφανίσθη, βιώσας μὲν ὑπὲρ ὀγδοήκοντα ἔτη, βασιλεύσας δὲ τρία καὶ τετταράκοντα, γενεὰν δὲ καταλιπών, ὡς μὲν οἱ πλείους γράφουσιν, υἱοὺς τέτταρας καὶ θυγατέρα μίαν, ὧν ἔτι σώζεται τὰ γένη, ὡς δὲ Γέλλιος Γναῖος ἱστορεῖ θυγατέρα μόνην, ἐξ ἧς ἐγένετο Ἄγκος Μάρκιος ὁ τρίτος ἀπ᾽ ἐκείνου γενόμενος Ῥωμαίων βασιλεύς.
[5] When he was young he was thought worthy to assume the sovereignty over the Romans, who had invited him to that dignity upon the reputation of his virtue; and he continued to command the obedience of his subjects during his whole life. He lived to a very advanced age without any impairment of his faculties and without suffering any blow at Fortune’s hands; and he died the easiest of all deaths, being withered by age, the genius who had been allotted to him from his birth having continued the same favour to him till he disappeared from among men. He lived more than eighty years and reigned forty-three, leaving behind him, according to most historians, four sons and one daughter, whose posterity remain to this day; but according to Gnaeus Gellius he left only one daughter, who was the mother of Ancus Marcius, the second king of the Romans after him.
[6] τελευτήσαντι δ᾽ αὐτῷ πένθος μέγα προὔθετο ἡ πόλις καὶ ταφὰς ἐποιήσατο λαμπροτάτας. κεῖται δ᾽ ἐν Ἰανίκλῳ πέραν τοῦ Τεβέριος ποταμοῦ. καὶ τὰ μὲν περὶ Πομπιλίου Νόμα τοσαῦτα παρελάβομεν.
[6] His death was greatly lamented by the state, which gave him a most splendid funeral. He lies buried upon the Janiculum, on the other side of the river Tiber. Such is the account we have received concerning Numa Pompilius.
BOOK III
[1] τελευτήσαντος δὲ Πομπιλίου γενομένη πάλιν: ἡ βουλὴ τῶν κοινῶν κυρία μένειν ἔγνω ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς πολιτείας, οὐδὲ τοῦ δήμου γνώμην λαβόντος ἑτέραν, καὶ καθίστησιν ἐκ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων τοὺς ἄρξοντας τὴν μεσοβασίλειον ἀρχὴν εἰς ὡρισμένον τινὰ ἡμερῶν ἀριθμόν, ὑφ᾽ ὧν ἀποδείκνυται βασιλεύς, ὸν ἅπας ὁ δῆμος ἠξίου, Τύλλος Ὁστίλιος γένους ὢν τοιοῦδε:
[1.1] After the death of Numa Pompilius the senate, being once more in full control of the commonwealth, resolved to abide by the same form of government, and as the people did not adopt any contrary opinion, they appointed some of the older senators to govern as interreges for a definite number of days. These men,
pursuant to the unanimous desire of the people, chose as king Tullus Hostilius, whose descent was as follows.
[2] ἐκ πόλεως Μεδυλλίας, ἣν Ἀλβανοὶ μὲν ἔκτισαν, Ῥωμύλος δὲ κατὰ συνθήκας παραλαβὼν Ῥωμαίων ἐποίησεν ἀποικίαν, ἀνὴρ εὐγενὴς καὶ χρήμασι δυνατὸς Ὁστίλιος ὄνομα μετενεγκάμενος εἰς Ῥώμην τὸν βίον ἄγεται γυναῖκα ἐκ τοῦ Σαβίνων γένους Ἑρσιλίου θυγατέρα τὴν ὑφηγησαμένην ταῖς ὁμοεθνέσι πρεσβεῦσαι πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀνδρῶν, ὅτε Σαβῖνοι Ῥωμαίοις ἐπολέμουν, καὶ τοῦ συνελθεῖν εἰς φιλίαν τοὺς ἡγεμόνας αἰτιωτάτην γενέσθαι δοκοῦσαν. [p. 269] οὗτος ὁ ἀνὴρ πολλοὺς συνδιενέγκας Ῥωμύλῳ πολέμους καὶ μεγάλα ἔργα ἀποδειξάμενος ἐν ταῖς πρὸς Σαβίνους μάχαις, ἀποθνήσκει καταλιπὼν παιδίον μονογενὲς καὶ θάπτεται πρὸς τῶν βασιλέων ἐν τῷ κρατίστῳ τῆς ἀγορᾶς τόπῳ στήλης ἐπιγραφῇ τὴν ἀρετὴν μαρτυρούσης ἀξιωθείς.
[2] From Medullia, a city which had been built by the Albans and made a Roman colony by Romulus after he had taken it by capitulation, a man of distinguished birth and great fortune, named Hostilius, had removed to Rome and married a woman of the Sabine race, the daughter of Hersilius, the same woman who had advised her country-women to go as envoys to their fathers on behalf of their husbands at the time when the Sabines were making war against the Romans, and was regarded as the person chiefly responsible for the alliance then concluded by the leaders of the two nations. This man, after taking part with Romulus in many wars and performing mighty deeds in the battles with the Sabines, died, leaving an only son, a young child at the time, and was buried by the kings in the principal part of the Forum and honoured with a monument and an inscription testifying to his valour.
[3] ἐκ δὲ τοῦ μονογενοῦς παιδὸς εἰς ἄνδρας ἀφικομένου καὶ γάμον ἐπιφανῆ λαβόντος υἱὸς γίνεται Τύλλος Ὁστίλιος ἀνὴρ δραστήριος, ὃς ἀπεδείχθη βασιλεὺς ψήφῳ τε πολιτικῇ διενεχθείσῃ περὶ αὐτοῦ κατὰ νόμους καὶ τοῦ δαιμονίου δἰ οἰωνῶν αἰσίων ἐπικυρώσαντος τὰ δόξαντα τῷ δήμῳ. ἔτος δὲ ἦν ἐν ᾧ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν παρέλαβεν ὁ δεύτερος ἐνιαυτὸς τῆς ἑβδόμης καὶ εἰκοστῆς ὀλυμπιάδος, ἣν ἐνίκα στάδιον Εὐρυβάτης Ἀθηναῖος ἄρχοντος Ἀθήνησι Λεωστράτου.
[3] His only son, having come to manhood and married a woman of distinction, had by her Tullius Hostilius, a man of action, the same who was now chosen king by a vote passed by the citizens concerning him according to the laws; and the decision of the people was confirmed by favourable omens from Heaven. The year in which he assumed the sovereignty was the second of the twenty-seventh Olympiad, the one in which Eurybates, an Athenian, won the prize in the foot-race, Leostratus being archon at Athens.
[4] οὗτος ἔργον ἁπάντων μεγαλοπρεπέστατον ἀποδειξάμενος αὐτὸς εὐθὺς ἅμα τῷ παραλαβεῖν τὴν ἀρχὴν ἅπαν τὸ θητικὸν τοῦ δήμου καὶ ἄπορον οἰκεῖον ἔσχεν. ἦν δὲ τοιόνδε: χώραν εἶχον ἐξαίρετον οἱ πρὸ αὐτοῦ βασιλεῖς πολλὴν καὶ ἀγαθήν, ἐξ ἧς ἀναιρούμενοι τὰς προσόδους ἱερά τε θεοῖς ἐπετέλουν καὶ τὰς εἰς τὸν ἴδιον βίον ἀφθόνους εἶχον εὐπορίας, ἣν ἐκτήσατο μὲν Ῥωμύλος πολέμῳ τοὺς τότε κατασχόντας ἀφελόμενος, ἐκείνου δὲ ἄπαιδος ἀποθανόντος Πομπίλιος Νόμας ὁ μετ᾽ ἐκεῖνον βασιλεύσας ἐκαρποῦτο: ἦν δὲ οὐκέτι δημοσία κτῆσις, ἀλλὰ τῶν ἀεὶ βασιλέων κλῆρος.
[4] Tullus, immediately upon his accession, gained the hearts of all the labouring class and of the needy among the populace by performing an act of the most splendid kind. It was this: The kings before him had possessed much fertile land, especially reserved for them, from the revenues of which they not only offered sacrifices to the gods, but also had abundant provision for their private needs. This land Romulus had acquired in war by dispossessing the former owners, and when he died childless, Numa Pompilius, his successor, had enjoyed its use; it was no longer the property of the state, but the inherited possession of the successive kings.
[5] ταύτην ὁ Τύλλος ἐπέτρεψε τοῖς [p. 270] μηδένα κλῆρον ἔχουσι Ῥωμαίων κατ᾽ ἄνδρα διανεί- μασθαι, τὴν πατρῴαν αὑτῷ κτῆσιν ἀρκοῦσαν ἀπο- φαίνων εἴς τε τὰ ἱερὰ καὶ τὰς τοῦ βίου δαπάνας. ταύτῃ δὲ τῇ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοὺς ἀπόρους τῶν πολιτῶν ἀνέλαβε παύσας λατρεύοντας ἐν τοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις: ἵνα δὲ μηδὲ οἰκίας ἄμοιρος εἴη τις προσετείχισε τῇ πόλει τὸν καλούμενον Καίλιον λόφον, ἔνθα ὅσοι Ῥωμαίων ἦσαν ἀνέστιοι λαχόντες τοῦ χωρίου τὸ ἀρκοῦν κατε- σκευάσαντ᾽ οἰκίας, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν τούτῳ τῷ τόπῳ τὴν οἴκησιν εἶχεν. πολιτικὰ μὲν δὴ ταῦτα τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἔργα παραδίδοται λόγου ἄξια:
[5] Tullus now permitted this land to be divided equally among such of the Romans as had no allotment, declaring that his own patrimony was sufficient both for the sacrifices and for his personal expenditures. By this act of humanity he relieved the poor among the citizens by freeing them from the necessity of labouring as serfs on the estates of others. And, to the end that none might lack a habitation either, he included within the city wall the hill called the Caelian, where those Romans who were unprovided with dwellings were allotted a sufficient amount of ground and built houses; and he himself had his residence in this quarter. These, then, are the memorable actions reported of this king so far as regards his civil administration.
[1] πολεμικαὶ δὲ πράξεις πολλαὶ μὲν καὶ ἄλλαι μνημονεύονται, <μέγισται δὲ> περὶ ὧν ἔρχομαι λέξων τὴν ἀρχὴν ποιησάμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ πρὸς Ἀλβανοὺς πο- λέμου. αἴτιος δὲ τοῦ διαστῆναι τὰς πόλεις καὶ λῦσαι τὸ συγγενὲς ἀνὴρ Ἀλβανὸς ἐγένετο Κλοίλιος ὄνομα τῆς μεγίστης ἀρχῆς ἀξιωθείς, ὃς ἀχθόμενος ἐπὶ τοῖς Ῥωμαίων ἀγαθοῖς καὶ κατέχειν τὸν φθόνον οὐ δυνά- μενος φύσει τε αὐθάδης καὶ ὑπομαργότερος ὢν ἐκ-
[2.1] Many military exploits are related of him, but the greatest are those which I shall now narrate, beginning with the war against the Albans. The man responsible for the quarrel between the two cities and the severing of their bond of kinship was an Alban named Cluilius, who had been honoured with the chief magistracy; this man, vexed at the prosperity of the Romans and unable to contain his envy, and being by nature headstrong and somewhat inclined to madness, resolved to involve the cities in war with each other.
[2] πολεμῶσαι τὰς πόλεις ἔγνω πρὸς ἀλλήλας. οὐχ ὁρῶν δὲ ὅπως ἂν πείσειε τοὺς Ἀλβανοὺς στρατὸν αὑτῷ κατὰ Ῥωμαίων ἄ�
�ειν ἐπιτρέψαι μήτε δικαίας ἔχοντι προ- φάσεις μήτε ἀναγκαίας, μηχανᾶται δή τι τοιόνδε: τοῖς ἀπορωτάτοις Ἀλβανῶν καὶ θρασυτάτοις ἐφῆκε λῃ- [p. 271] στεύειν τοὺς Ῥωμαίων ἀγροὺς ἄδειαν ὑπισχνούμενος καὶ παρεσκεύασε πολλοὺς ἀκίνδυνα κέρδη διώκοντας, ὧν οὐδὲ κωλυόμενοι ὑπὸ τοῦ δέους ἀποστήσεσθαι ἔμελλον, ἐμπλῆσαι πολέμου λῃστρικοῦ τὴν ὅμορον.
[2] But not seeing how he could persuade the Albans to permit him to lead an army against the Romans without just and urgent reasons, he contrived a plan of the following sort: he permitted the poorest and boldest of the Albans to pillage the fields of the Romans, promising them immunity, and so caused many to overrun the neighbouring territory in a series of plundering raids, as they would now be pursuing without danger gains from which they would never desist even under the constraint of fear.
[3] τοῦτο δ᾽ ἔπραττε κατὰ λογισμὸν οὐκ ἀπεικότα, ὡς τὸ ἔργον ἐμαρτύρησε. Ῥωμαίους μὲν γὰρ οὐκ ἀνέξεσθαι τὰς ἁρπαγὰς ὑπελάμβανεν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ τὰ ὅπλα χωρή- σειν, αὑτῷ δ᾽ ἐξουσίαν ἔσεσθαι κατηγορεῖν αὐτῶν πρὸς τὸν δῆμον ὡς ἀρχόντων πολέμου, Ἀλβανῶν δὲ τοὺς πλείστους φθονοῦντας τοῖς ἀποίκοις τῆς εὐτυ- χίας δέξεσθαι τὰς διαβολὰς ἀσμένους καὶ τὸν κατ᾽
Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79) Page 470