[4] ἡ μέντοι μετὰ τὸν ἀγῶνα διάνοια ἑκατέρων οὐχ ὁμοία γενομένη φανεροὺς ἐποίησε τοὺς κρεῖττον ἀγωνισαμένους τῶν ἑτέρων: τῇ γὰρ ἑξῆς ἡμέρᾳ Λατῖνοι μὲν οὐκέτι προῄεσαν ἐκ τοῦ χάρακος, ὅ δὲ τῶν Ῥωμαίων βασιλεὺς ἐξαγαγὼν τὰς δυνάμεις εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἕτοιμος ἦν ἑτέραν ποιεῖσθαι μάχην καὶ μέχρι πολλοῦ κατέσχεν ἐν τάξει τὴν φάλαγγα. ὡς δ᾽ οὐκ ἀντεπεξῄεσαν οἱ πολέμιοι, σκυλεύσας αὐτῶν τοὺς νεκροὺς καὶ τοὺς ἰδίους ἀνελόμενος σὺν πολλῷ αὐχήματι ἀπῆγε τὴν στρατιὰν ἐπὶ τὸν ἑαυτοῦ χάρακα. [p. 372]
[4] But the different feelings of the two sides after the action made it clear which of them had fought better than their opponents. For on the next day the Latins stirred no more out of their camp, while the Roman king, leading out his troops into the plain, was ready to fight another engagement and for a long time kept his lines in battle formation. But when the enemy did not come out against him, he took the spoils from their dead, and carrying off his own dead, led his army with great exultation back to his own camp.
[1] ταῖς δ᾽ ἑξῆς ἡμέραις ἀφικομένης τοῖς Λατίνοις ἑτέρας παρὰ Τυρρηνῶν συμμαχίας δεύτερος ἀγὼν γίνεται πολὺ μείζων τοῦ προτέρου, ἐξ οὗ νίκην ἀναιρεῖται βασιλεὺς Ταρκύνιος ἐπιφανεστάτην, ἧς αὐτὸς αἴτιος ὡμολογεῖτο ὑπὸ πάντων γεγενῆσθαι.
[53.1] The Latins having received fresh aid from the Tyrrhenians during the days that followed, a second battle was fought, much greater than the former, in which King Tarquinius gained a most signal victory, the credit for which was allowed by all to belong to him personally.
[2] καμνούσης γὰρ ἤδη τῆς Ῥωμαϊκῆς φάλαγγος καὶ κατὰ τὸ ἀριστερὸν κέρας παραρρηγνυμένης μαθὼν τὸ γινόμενον ἐλάττωμα περὶ τοὺς σφετέρους ῾ἔτυχε δὲ τότε μαχόμενος ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ κέρατοσ᾽ τὰς κρατίστας τῶν ἱππέων ἴλας ἐπιστρέψας καὶ τῶν πεζῶν τοὺς ἀκμαιοτάτους ἀναλαβὼν ἦγε κατὰ νώτου τῆς ἑαυτοῦ στρατιᾶς καὶ παραλλάξας τὸ ἀριστερὸν κέρας ἤλαυνεν ἔτι προσωτέρω τῆς φάλαγγος. ἔπειτα ἐπιστρέψας ἐπὶ δόρυ καὶ τὰ κέντρα προσβαλὼν τοῖς ἵπποις εἰς πλαγίους ἐμβάλλει τοὺς τῶν Τυρρηνῶν λόχους ῾οὗτοι γὰρ ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ τῶν πολεμίων μαχόμενοι κέρατος ἐτρέψαντο τοὺς καθ᾽ ἑαυτούσ᾽, ἐπιφανεὶς δ᾽ αὐτοῖς ἀπροσδόκητος πολλὴν ἔκπληξιν καὶ ταραχὴν παρέσχεν.
[2] For when the Roman line was already in distress and its close formation was being broken on the left wing, Tarquinius, as soon as he learned of this reverse to his forces (for he happened then to be fighting on the right wing), wheeling the best troops of horse about and taking along the flower of the foot, led them behind his own army and passing by the left wing, advanced even beyond the solid ranks of his line of battle. Then, wheeling his troops to the right and all clapping spurs to their horses, he charged the Tyrrhenians in flank (for these were fighting on the enemy’s right wing and had put to flight those who stood opposite to them), and by thus appearing to them unexpectedly he caused them great alarm and confusion.
[3] ἐν δὲ τούτῳ καὶ ἡ πεζὴ τῶν Ῥωμαίων δύναμις ἀναλαβοῦσα ἑαυτὴν ἐκ τοῦ προτέρου δείματος εἰς ἀντίπαλα ἐχώρει, καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο φόνος τε πολὺς τῶν Τυρρηνῶν ἐγίνετο καὶ τροπὴ τοῦ δεξιοῦ κέρατος παντελής. Ταρκύνιος δὲ τοῖς ἡγεμόσι τῶν πεζῶν ἀκολουθεῖν κελεύσας ἐν κόσμῳ καὶ βάδην αὐτὸς ἐπὶ τὸ στρατόπεδον ἐχώρει τὸ τῶν πολεμίων ἐλαύνων τοὺς ἵππους ἀνὰ κράτος, φθάσας δὲ τοὺς ἐκ τῆς τροπῆς ἀνασωζομένους ἐγκρατὴς γίνεται τοῦ χάρακος [p. 373] εὐθὺς ἐξ ἐφόδου. οἱ γὰρ ἐν αὐτῷ καταλειφθέντες οὔτε τὴν κατασχοῦσαν τοὺς σφετέρους συμφορὰν προεγνωκότες οὔτε τοὺς προσιόντας ἱππεῖς γνωρίσαι διὰ τὸ αἰφνίδιον τῆς ἐφόδου δυνηθέντες εἴασαν αὐτοὺς παρελθεῖν.
[3] In the meantime the Roman foot also, having recovered themselves from their earlier fear, advanced against the enemy; and thereupon there followed a great slaughter of the Tyrrhenians and the utter rout of their right wing. Tarquinius, having ordered the commanders of the infantry to follow in good order and slowly, led the cavalry himself at full speed to the enemy’s camp; and arriving there ahead of those who were endeavouring to save themselves from the rout, he captured the entrenchments at the very first onset. For the troops which had been left there, being neither aware as yet of the misfortune that had befallen their own men nor able, by reason of the suddenness of the attack, to recognize the cavalry that approached, permitted them to enter.
[4] ἁλούσης δὲ τῆς παρασκευῆς τῶν Λατίνων οἱ μὲν ἀναχωροῦντες ἐκ τῆς τροπῆς ὡς εἰς ἀσφαλῆ καταφυγὴν ὑπὸ τῶν καταλαβομένων αὐτὴν ἱππέων ἀπώλλυντο, οἱ δ᾽ ἐκ τοῦ στρατοπέδου φεύγειν ὁρμήσαντες εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὑπὸ τῆς Ῥωμαϊκῆς φάλαγγος ὁμόσε χωρούσης ἀπέθνησκον, οἱ δὲ πλείους αὐτῶν ὠθούμενοί τε ὑπ᾽ ἀλλήλων καὶ καταπατούμενοι περὶ τοῖς σκόλοψιν ἢ κατὰ τὰς τάφρους τὸν οἴκτιστόν τε καὶ ἀγεννέστατον τρόπον διεφθάρησαν: ὥστ᾽ ἠναγκάσθησαν οἱ περιλειπόμενοι τῆς σωτηρίας οὐδένα πόρον εὑρεῖν δυνάμενοι παραδοῦναι τοῖς κεκρατηκόσιν ἑαυτούς.
[4] After the camp of the Latins had been taken, those of the enemy who were retiring thither from the rout of their army, as to a safe retreat, were slain by the cavalry, who had possessed themselves of it, while others, endeavouring to escape from the camp into the plain, were met by the serried ranks to Roman infantry and cut down; but the greater part of them, being crowded by one another and trodden under foot, perished on the palisades or in the trenches in the most miserable and ignoble manner. Consequently, those who were left alive, finding no means of saving themselves, were obliged to surrender to the conquerors.
[5] γενόμενος δὲ ὁ Ταρκύνιος πολλῶν σωμάτων τε καὶ χρημάτων ἐγκρατὴς τοὺς μὲν αἰχμαλώτους ἀπέδοτο, τὰ δ᾽ ἐν τῷ χάρακι καταληφθέντα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐχαρίσατο.
[5] Tarquinius, having taken possession of many prisoners and much booty, sold the former and granted the plunder of the camp to the soldiers.
[1] ταῦτα διαπραξάμενος ἐπὶ τὰς πόλεις τῶν Λατίνων ἦγε τὴν δύναμιν, ὡς μάχῃ τὰς μὴ προσχωρούσας αὐτῷ παραστησόμενος: οὐ μὴν ἐδέησέ γε αὐτῷ τειχομαχίας. ἅπαντες γὰρ εἰς ἱκεσίας καὶ δεήσεις ἐτράπον
το καὶ πρέσβεις ἀπὸ τοῦ κοινοῦ πέμψαντες καταλύσασθαι τὸν πόλεμον ἠξίουν ἐφ᾽ οἷς αὐτὸς ἠβούλετο καὶ τὰς πόλεις παρέδοσαν.
[54.1] After this success he led his army against the cities of the Latins, in order to reduce by battle those who would not voluntarily surrender to him; but he did not find it necessary to lay siege to any of them. For all had recourse to supplications and prayers, and sending ambassadors to him from the whole nation, they asked him to put an end to the war upon such conditions as he himself wished, and delivered up their cities to him.
[2] γενόμενος δὲ τῶν [p. 374] πόλεων κατὰ τάσδε τὰς ὁμολογίας ὁ βασιλεὺς κύριος ἐπιεικέστατα πάσαις προσηνέχθη καὶ μετριώτατα. οὔτε γὰρ ἀπέκτεινεν οὔτε φεύγειν ἠνάγκασεν οὔτε χρήμασιν ἐζημίωσε Λατίνων οὐδένα γῆν τε αὐτοῖς καρποῦσθαι τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἐπέτρεψε καὶ πολιτεύμασι χρήσασθαι τοῖς πατρίοις ἐφῆκεν, ἀποδοῦναι δὲ αὐτοὺς ἐκέλευσε Ῥωμαίοις τούς τε αὐτομόλους καὶ τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους ἄνευ λύτρων θεράποντάς τε ἀποκαταστῆσαι τοῖς δεσπόταις ὅσων ἐγένοντο κατὰ τὰς προνομὰς κύριοι καὶ χρήματα ὅσα τοὺς γεωργοὺς ἀφείλοντο διαλῦσαι καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο κατέβλαψαν ἢ διέφθειραν ἐν ταῖς εἰσβολαῖς ἐπανορθῶσαι.
[2] The king, becoming master of their cities upon these terms, treated them all with the greatest clemency and moderation; for he neither put any of the Latins to death nor forced any into exile, nor laid a fine upon any of them, but allowed them to enjoy their lands and to retain their traditional forms of government. He did, however, order them to deliver up the deserters and captives to the Romans without ransom, to restore to their masters the slaves they had captured in their incursions, to repay the money they had taken from the husbandmen, and to make good every other damage or loss they had occasioned in their raids.
[3] ταῦτα δὲ ποιήσαντας εἶναι φίλους Ῥωμαίων καὶ συμμάχους ἅπαντα πράττοντας ὅσα ἂν ἐκεῖνοι κελεύωσιν. ὁ μὲν δὴ πρὸς Λατίνους συστὰς Ῥωμαίοις πόλεμος εἰς τοῦτο τὸ τέλος κατέσκηψε, καὶ βασιλεὺς Ταρκύνιος τὸν ἐπινίκιον ἐκ τοῦ πολέμου τούτου κατήγαγε θρίαμβον.
[3] Upon their performing these commands they were to be friends and allies of the Romans, doing everything that they should command. This was the outcome of the war between the Romans and the Latins; and King Tarquinius celebrated the customary triumph for his victory in this war.
[1] τῷ δ᾽ ἑξῆς ἔτει παραλαβὼν τὴν δύναμιν ἐπὶ Σαβίνους ἦγεν ἐκ πολλοῦ τὴν προαίρεσιν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν παρασκευὴν τὴν ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτοὺς προεγνωκότας. οὐχ ὑπομείναντες δὲ εἰς τὴν ἑαυτῶν χώραν παρεῖναι τὸν πόλεμον, ἀλλ᾽ ἀντιπαρασκευασάμενοι δύναμιν ἱκανὴν ἐχώρουν ὁμόσε. γενομένης δὲ αὐτοῖς μάχης περὶ τὰ μεθόρια τῆς χώρας ἄχρι νυκτὸς ἐνίκων μὲν οὐδέτεροι, πάνυ δ᾽ ἰσχυρῶς ἐπόνησαν ἀμφότεροι.
[55.1] The following year he led his army against the Sabines, who had long since been aware of his purpose and preparations against them. They were unwilling, however, to let the war to be brought into their own country, but having got ready an adequate force in their turn, they were advancing to meet him. And upon the confines of their territory they engaged in a battle which lasted till night, neither army being victorious, but both suffering very severely.
[2] ταῖς γοῦν ἑξῆς ἡμέραις οὔτε ὁ τῶν Σαβίνων ἡγεμὼν προῆγεν ἐκ τοῦ χάρακος τὰς δυνάμεις οὔτε ὁ τῶν [p. 375] Ῥωμαίων βασιλεύς, ἀλλ᾽ ἀναστρατοπεδεύσαντες ἀμφότεροι καὶ τῆς ἀλλήλων γῆς οὐδὲν κακώσαντες ἀπῄεσαν ἐπ᾽ οἴκου. γνώμη δ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων ἦν ὁμοία μείζονα δύναμιν ἑτέραν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀλλήλων χώραν ἐξάγειν ἔαρος ἀρχομένου.
[2] At all events, during the following days neither the Sabine general nor the Roman king led his forces out of their entrenchments, but both broke camp and returned home without doing any injury to the other’s territory. The intention of both was the same, namely, to lead out a new and larger force against the other’s country at the beginning of spring.
[3] ἐπεὶ δὲ πάντα παρεσκεύαστο αὐτοῖς, πρότεροι μὲν ἐξῆλθον οἱ Σαβῖνοι Τυρρηνῶν ἔχοντες δύναμιν ἱκανὴν πρὸς συμμαχίαν καὶ καταστρατοπεδεύονται Φιδήνης πλησίον περὶ τὰς συμβολὰς τοῦ τε Ἀνίητος καὶ τοῦ Τεβέριος ποταμοῦ διττοὺς βαλόμενοι τοὺς χάρακας ἐναντίους τε καὶ συνεχεῖς ἀλλήλοις, μέσον ἔχοντες τὸ κοινὸν ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων τῶν ποταμῶν ῥεῖθρον, ἐφ᾽ οὗ κατεσκεύαστο γέφυρα ξυλόφρακτος σκάφαις ἀνεχομένη καὶ σχεδίαις ἡ ποιοῦσα ταχείας τὰς πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀφίξεις καὶ τὸν χάρακα ἕνα.
[3] After they had made all their preparations, the Sabines first took the field, strengthened with a sufficient body of Tyrrhenian auxiliaries, and encamped near Fidenae, at the confluence of the Anio and the Tiber rivers. They pitched two camps opposite and adjoining each other, the united stream of both rivers running between them, over which was built a wooden bridge resting on boats and rafts, thus affording quick communication between them and making them one camp.
[4] πυθόμενος δὲ τὴν εἰσβολὴν αὐτῶν ὁ Ταρκύνιος ἐξῆγε καὶ αὐτὸς τὸ Ῥωμαίων στράτευμα καθιδρύεταί τε μικρὸν ἀνωτέρω τῆς ἐκείνων στρατοπεδείας παρὰ τὸν Ἀνίητα ποταμὸν ἐπὶ λόφου τινὸς καρτεροῦ. ἁπάσῃ δὲ προθυμίᾳ πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον ὡρμημένων ἀμφοτέρων οὐδεὶς ἀγὼν ἐκ παρατάξεως οὔτε μείζων οὔτ᾽ ἐλάσσων αὐτοῖς συνέστη. ἔφθασε γὰρ ὁ Ταρκύνιος ἀγχινοίᾳ στρατηγικῇ πάντα συντρίψας τὰ τῶν Σαβίνων πράγματα καὶ τὰς παρεμβολὰς αὐτῶν ἀμφοτέρας ἀράμενος. τὸ δὲ στρατήγημα τοῦ ἀνδρὸς τοιόνδε ἦν: [p. 376]
[4] Tarquinius, being informed of their irruption, marched out in his turn with the Roman army and pitched his camp a little above theirs, near the river Anio, upon a strongly situated hill. But though both armies had all the zeal imaginable for the war, no pitched battle, either great or small, occurred between them; for Tarquinius by a timely stratagem ruined all the plans of the Sabines and gained possession of both their camps. His stratagem was this:
[1] σκάφας ποταμηγοὺς καὶ σχεδίας ξύλων αὔων καὶ φρυγάνων γεμούσας, ἔτι δὲ πίσσης τε καὶ θείου παρασκευασάμενος ἐπὶ θατέρου τῶν ποταμῶν, παρ᾽ ὃν αὐτὸς ἐστρατοπεδεύκει, ἔπειτα φυλάξας ἄνεμον οὔριον περὶ τὴν ἑωθινὴν φυλακὴν πῦρ ἐνεῖναι ταῖς ὕλα
ις ἐκέλευσε καὶ μεθεῖναι τὰς σκάφας καὶ τὰς σχεδίας φέρεσθαι κατὰ ῥοῦν. αἱ δὲ ἐν ὀλίγῳ πάνυ χρόνῳ διελθοῦσαι τὸν μεταξὺ πόρον ἐμπίπτουσι τῇ
[56.1] He got together boats and rafts on the one side of the two rivers near which he himself lay encamped and filled them with dry sticks and brushwood, also with pitch and sulphur, and then waiting for a favourable wind, about the time of the morning watch he ordered the firewood to be set on fire and the boats and rafts turned adrift to drop downstream. These covered the intervening distance in a very short time, and being driven against the bridge, set fire to it in many places.
[2] γεφύρᾳ καὶ ἀνάπτουσιν αὐτὴν πολλαχόθεν. τῶν δὲ Σαβίνων ᾡς εἶδον ἄφνω πολλὴν φλόγα φερομένην συνδραμόντων ἐπὶ τὴν βοήθειαν καὶ πάντα μηχανωμένων ὅσα σβεστήρια τοῦ πυρὸς ἦν, ἧκεν ὁ Ταρκύνιος περὶ τὸν ὄρθρον ἄγων συντεταγμένην τὴν Ῥωμαίων δύναμιν καὶ προσβαλὼν θατέρῳ χάρακι τῶν μὲν πλείστων ἐκλελοιπότων τὰς φυλακὰς διὰ τὴν ἐπὶ τὰ καιόμενα ὁρμήν, ὀλίγων δέ τινων πρὸς ἀλκὴν τραπομένων,
[2] The Sabines, seeing a vast flame flare up on a sudden, ran to lend their assistance and tried all means possible to extinguish the fire. While they were thus employed Tarquinius arrived about dawn, leading the Roman army in order of battle, and attacked one of the camps; and since the greater part of the guards had left their posts to run to the fire, though some few turned and resisted, he gained possession of it without any trouble.
[3] ἐγκρατὴς αὐτοῦ γίνεται δίχα πόνου. ἐν ᾧ δὲ ταῦτα ἐπράττετο χρόνῳ καὶ τὸν ἕτερον τῶν Σαβίνων χάρακα τὸν ἐπέκεινα τοῦ ποταμοῦ κείμενον ἑτέρα δύναμις Ῥωμαίων ἐπελθοῦσα αἱρεῖ, ἣ προαπέσταλτο μὲν ὑπὸ Ταρκυνίου περὶ πρῶτον ὕπνον, διεληλύθει δὲ τὸν ἐκ τῶν δυεῖν ποταμῶν ἕνα γενόμενον ἐν σκάφαις καὶ σχεδίαις καθ᾽ ὃ μέρος περαιουμένη λήσεσθαι ἔμελλε τοὺς Σαβίνους, πλησίον δὲ τῆς ἑτέρας ἐγεγόνει παρεμβολῆς ἅμα τῷ θεάσασθαι τὴν γέφυραν καιομένην: τοῦτο γὰρ ἦν αὐτῇ τὸ σύνθημα [p. 377]
Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79) Page 491