[3] συνῄρετο δ᾽ αὐτῷ τοῦ πολέμου πᾶσαν προθυμίαν ἀποδεῖξαι βουλόμενος ὁ Ταρκυνίου γαμβρὸς Ὀκταούιος Μαμίλιος, ἐκ πόλεως ὁρμώμενος Τύσκλου, Καμερίνους μὲν καὶ Ἀντεμνάτας, οἳ τοῦ Λατίνων μετεῖχον γένους, ἅπαντας ἐπαγόμενος ἀφεστηκότας ἤδη Ῥωμαίων ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ: παρὰ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων ὁμοεθνῶν, οἷς οὐκ ἦν βουλομένοις πολεμεῖν ἀναφανδὸν ἐνσπόνδῳ τε καὶ μεγάλην ἰσχὺν ἐχούσῃ πόλει διὰ προφάσεις οὐκ ἀναγκαίας, ἐθελοντὰς συχνοὺς ἰδίᾳ πεπεικὼς χάριτι.
[3] He was assisted in this war by Octavius Mamilius, the son-in-law of Tarquinius, who was eager to display all possible zeal and marched out of Tusculum at the head of all the Camerini and Antemnates, who were of the Latin nation and had already openly revolted from the Romans; and from among the other Latin peoples that were not willing to make open war upon an allied and powerful state, unless for compelling reasons, he attracted numerous volunteers by his personal influence.
[1] ταῦτα μαθόντες οἱ τῶν Ῥωμαίων ὕπατοι πρῶτον μὲν τὰ ἐκ τῶν ἀγρῶν χρήματά τε καὶ βοσκήματα καὶ ἀνδράποδα μετάγειν τοῖς γεωργοῖς ἐκέλευσαν εἰς τὰ πλησίον ὄρη φρούρια κατασκευάσαντες ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐρυμνοῖς ἱκανὰ σώζειν τοὺς εἰς αὐτὰ καταφυγόντας: ἔπειτα τὸν καλούμενον Ἰανίκολον ὄχθον: ἔστι δὲ τοῦτ᾽ [p. 170] ὄρος ὑψηλὸν ἀγχοῦ τῆς Ῥώμης πέραν τοῦ Τεβέριος ποταμοῦ κείμενον: ὀχυρωτέραις ἐκρατύναντο κατασκευαῖς τε καὶ φυλακαῖς, περὶ παντὸς ποιούμενοι μὴ γενέσθαι τοῖς πολεμίοις τὸ ἐπίκαιρον χωρίον ἐπιτείχισμα κατὰ τῆς πόλεως, καὶ τὰς εἰς τὸν πόλεμον παρασκευὰς ἐνταῦθ᾽ ἀπέθεντο: τά τ᾽ ἐντὸς τείχους ἐπὶ τὸ δημοτικώτερον καθίσταντο πολλὰ πολιτευόμενοι φιλάνθρωπα πρὸς τοὺς πένητας, ἵνα μὴ μεταβάλοιντο πρὸς τοὺς τυράννους ἐπὶ τοῖς ἰδίοις κέρδεσι πεισθέντες 9 προδοῦναι τὸ κοινόν:
[22.1] The Roman consuls, being informed of these things, in the first place ordered all the husbandmen to remove their effects, cattle, and slaves from the fields to the neighbouring mountains, in the fastnesses of which they constructed forts sufficiently strong to protect those who flee thither. After that they strengthened with more effectual fortifications and guards the hill called Janiculum, which is a high mount near Rome lying on the other side of the river Tiber, taking care above all things that such an advantageous position should not serve the enemy as an outpost against the city; and they stored their supplies for the war there. Affairs inside the city they conducted in a more democratic manner, introducing many beneficent measures in behalf of the poor, lest these, induced by private advantage to betray the public interest, should go over to the tyrants.
[2] καὶ γὰρ ἀτελεῖς αὐτοὺς ἁπάντων ἐψηφίσαντο εἶναι τῶν κοινῶν τελῶν, ὅσα βασιλευομένης τῆς πόλεως ἐτέλουν, καὶ ἀνεισφόρους τῶν εἰς τὰ στρατιωτικὰ καὶ τοὺς πολέμους ἀναλισκομένων ἐποίησαν, μέγα κέρδος ἡγούμενοι τοῖς κοινοῖς, εἰ τὰ σώματα μόνον αὐτῶν ἕξουσι προκινδυνεύοντα τῆς πατρίδος: τήν τε δύναμιν ἠσκημένην ἐκ πολλοῦ καὶ παρεσκευασμένην ἔχοντες ἐν τῷ προκειμένῳ τῆς πόλεως ἐστρατοπεδεύοντο πεδίῳ.
[2] Thus they had a vote passed that they should be exempt from all the public taxes which they had paid while the city was under the kings, and also from all contributions for military purposes and wars, looking upon it as a great advantage to the state merely to make use of their persons in defending the country. And with their army long since disciplined and ready for action, they were encamped in the field that lies before the city.
[3] βασιλεὺς δὲ Πορσίνας ἄγων τὴν στρατιὰν τὸ μὲν Ἰανίκολον ἐξ ἐφόδου καταλαμβάνεται καταπληξάμενος τοὺς φυλάττοντας αὐτὸ καὶ φρουρὰν Τυρρηνῶν ἐν αὐτῷ καθίστησιν: ἐπὶ δὲ τὴν πόλιν ἐλαύνων ὡς καὶ ταύτην δίχα πόνου παραστησόμενος, ἐπειδὴ πλησίον τῆς γεφύρας ἐγένετο καὶ τοὺς Ῥωμαίους ἐθεάσατο προκαθημένους τοῦ ποταμοῦ, παρεσκευάζετό [p. 171] τε πρὸς μάχην ὡς ἀναρπασόμενος αὐτοὺς πλήθει καὶ ἐπῆγε σὺν πολλῇ καταφρονήσει τὴν δύναμιν.
[3] But King Porsena, advancing with his forces, took the Janiculum by storm, having terrified those who were guarding it, and placed there a garrison of Tyrrhenians. After this he proceeded against the city in expectation of reducing that also without any trouble; but when he came near the bridge and saw the Romans drawn up before the river, he prepared for battle, thinking to overwhelm them with his numbers, and led on his army with great contempt of the enemy.
[4] εἶχον δὲ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν τοῦ μὲν ἀριστεροῦ κέρως οἱ Ταρκυνίου παῖδες, Σέξτος καὶ Τῖτος, Ῥωμαίων τ᾽ αὐτῶν τοὺς φυγάδας ἄγοντες καὶ ἐκ τῆς Γαβίων πόλεως τὸ ἀκμαιότατον ξένων τε καὶ μισθοφόρων χεῖρα οὐκ ὀλίγην: τοῦ δὲ δεξιοῦ Μαμίλιος ὁ Ταρκυνίου κηδεστής, ἐφ᾽ οὗ Λατίνων οἱ ἀποστάντες Ῥωμαίων ἐτάξαντο: βασιλεὺς δὲ Πορσίνας κατὰ μέσην τὴν φάλαγγα ἐτέτακτο.
[4] His left wing was commanded by the sons of Tarquinius, Sextus and Titus, who had with them the Roman exiles together with the choicest troops from the city of Gabii and no small force of foreigners and mercenaries; the right was led by Mamilius, the son-in-law of Tarquinius, and here were arrayed the Latins who had revolted from the Romans; King Porsena had taken his place in the centre of the battle-line.
[5] Ῥωμαίων δὲ τὸ μὲν δεξιὸν κέρας Σπόριος Λάρκιος καὶ Τῖτος Ἑρμίνιος κατεῖχον ἐναντίοι Ταρκυνίοις: τὸ δ᾽ ἀριστερὸν Μάρκος Οὐαλέριος ἀδελφὸς θατέρου τῶν ὑπάτων Ποπλικόλα καὶ Τῖτος Λουκρήτιος ὁ τῷ πρόσθεν ὑπατεύσας ἔτει Μαμιλίῳ καὶ Λατίνοις συνοισόμενοι: τὰ δὲ μέσα τῶν κεράτων οἱ ὕπατοι κατεῖχον ἀμφότεροι.
[5] On the side of the Romans the right wing was commanded by Spurius Larcius and Titus Herminius, who stood opposite to the Tarquinii; the left by Marcus Valerius, brother to Publicola, one of the consuls, and Titus Lucretius, the consul of the previous year, who were to engage Mamilius and the Latins; the centre of the line between the wings was commanded by the two consuls.
[1] ὡς δὲ συνῆλθον εἰς χεῖρας, ἐμάχοντο γενναίως καὶ πολὺν ἀντεῖχον ἀμφότεροι χρόνον: ἐμπειρίᾳ μὲν καὶ καρτερίᾳ κρείττους ὄντες οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι τῶν ἐναντίων, πλήθει δὲ κρατοῦντες τῶν Ῥωμαίων οἱ Τυρρηνοί τε καὶ Λατ�
�νοι μακρῷ. πολλῶν δὲ πεσόντων ἀφ᾽ ἑκατέρων δέος εἰσέρχεται Ῥωμαίους, πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς κατέχοντας τὸ ἀριστερὸν κέρας, ἐπειδὴ τοὺς ἡγεμόνας ἐθεάσαντο Οὐαλέριόν τε καὶ Λουκρήτιον τραυματίας ἀποκομισθέντας ἐκ τῆς μάχης: ἔπειτα καὶ τοὺς ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ κέρατος τεταγμένους νικῶντας ἤδη τὴν σὺν Ταρκυνίοις δύναμιν τὸ αὐτὸ καταλαμβάνει πάθος,
[23.1] When the armies engaged, they both fought bravely and sustained the shock for a considerable time, the Romans having the advantage of their enemies in both experience and endurance, and the Tyrrhenians and Latins being much superior in numbers. But when many had fallen on both sides, fear fell upon the Romans, and first upon those who occupied the left wing, when they saw their two commanders, Valerius and Lucretius, carried off the field wounded; and then those also who were stationed on the right wing, though they were already victorious over the forces commanded by the Tarquinii, were seized by the same terror upon seeing the flight of the others.
[2] ὁρῶντας τὴν τροπὴν τῶν ἑτέρων. φευγόντων δ᾽ εἰς [p. 172] τὴν πόλιν ἁπάντων καὶ διὰ μιᾶς γεφύρας βιαζομένων ἀθρόων ὁρμὴ γίνεται τῶν πολεμίων ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς μεγάλη: ὀλίγου τε πάνυ ἡ πόλις ἐδέησεν ἁλῶναι κατὰ κράτος ἀτείχιστος οὖσα ἐκ τῶν παρὰ τὸν ποταμὸν μερῶν, εἰ συνεισέπεσον εἰς αὐτὴν ἅμα τοῖς φεύγουσιν οἱ διώκοντες. οἱ δὲ τὴν ὁρτὴν τῶν πολεμίων ἐπισχόντες καὶ διασώσαντες ὅλην τὴν στρατιὰν τρεῖς ἄνδρες ἐγένοντο, Σπόριος μὲν Λάρκιος καὶ Τῖτος Ἑρμίνιος οἱ τὸ δεξιὸν ἔχοντες κέρας ἐκ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, Πόπλιος δ᾽ Ὁράτιος ὁ καλούμενος Κόκλης ἐκ τοῦ κατὰ τὴν ὄψιν ἐλαττώματος ἐκκοπεὶς ἐν μάχῃ τὸν ἕτερον ὀφθαλμὸν ἐκ τῶν νεωτέρων, μορφήν τε κάλλιστος ἀνθρώπων καὶ
[2] While they were all fleeing to the city and endeavouring to force their way in a body over a single bridge, the enemy made a strong attack upon them; and the city came very near being taken by storm, and would surely have fallen if the pursuers had entered it at the same time with those who fled. Those who checked the enemy’s attack and saved the whole army were three in number, two of them older men, Spurius Larcius and Titus Herminius, who commanded the right wing, and one a younger man, Publius Horatius, who was called Cocles from an injury to his sight, and one of his eyes having been struck out in a battle, and was the fairest of men in philosophical appearance and the bravest in spirit.
[3] ψυχὴν ἄριστος. οὗτος ἀδελφιδοῦς μὲν ἦν Ὁρατίου Μάρκου θατέρου τῶν ὑπάτων, τὸ δὲ γένος κατῆγεν ἀφ᾽ ἑνὸς τῶν τριδύμων Ὁρατίου Μάρκου τοῦ νικήσαντος τοὺς Ἀλβανοὺς τριδύμους, ὅτε περὶ τῆς ἡγεμονίας αἱ πόλεις εἰς πόλεμον καταστᾶσαι συνέβησαν μὴ πάσαις ἀποκινδυνεῦσαι ταῖς δυνάμεσιν, ἀλλὰ τρισὶν ἀνδράσιν ἀφ᾽ ἑκατέρας, ὡς ἐν τοῖς προτέροις δεδήλωκα 10 λόγοις.
[3] This man was nephew to Marcus Horatius, one of the consuls, and traced his descent from Marcus Horatius, one of the triplets who conquered the Alban triplets when the two cities, having become involved in war over the leadership, agreed not to risk a decision with all their forces, but with three men on each side, as I have related in one of the earlier books.
[4] οὗτοι δὴ μόνοι κατὰ νώτου λαβόντες τὴν γέφυραν εἶργον τῆς διαβάσεως τοὺς πολεμίους μέχρι πολλοῦ καὶ διέμενον ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς στάσεως βαλλόμενοί θ᾽ ὑπὸ πολλῶν παντοδαποῖς βέλεσι καὶ ἐκ χειρὸς παιόμενοι τοῖς ξίφεσιν, ἕως ἅπασα ἡ στρατιὰ διῆλθε τὸν ποταμόν.
[4] These three men, then, all alone, with their backs to the bridge, barred the passage of the enemy for a considerable time and stood their ground, though pelted by many foes with all sorts of missiles and struck with swords in hand-to-hand conflict, till the whole army had crossed the river.
[1] ὡς δ᾽ ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ τοὺς σφετέρους ἔδοξαν [p. 173] γεγονέναι, δύο μὲν ἐξ αὐτῶν Ἑρμίνιός τε καὶ Λάρκιος διεφθαρμένων αὐτοῖς ἤδη τῶν σκεπαστηρίων διὰ τὰς συνεχεῖς πληγὰς ἀνεχώρουν ἐπὶ πόδα. Ὁράτιος δὲ μόνος ἀνακαλουμένων αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως τῶν θ᾽ ὑπάτων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων πολιτῶν καὶ περὶ παντὸς ποιουμένων σωθῆναι τοιοῦτον ἄνδρα τῇ πατρίδι καὶ τοῖς γειναμένοις οὐκ ἐπείσθη, ἀλλ᾽ ἔμενεν, ἔνθα τὸ πρῶτον ἔστη, κελεύσας τοῖς περὶ τὸν Ἑρμίνιον λέγειν πρὸς τοὺς ὑπάτους, ὡς αὐτοῦ φράσαντος, ἀποκόπτειν τὴν γέφυραν ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως ἐν τάχει: ἦν δὲ μία κατ᾽ ἐκείνους τοὺς χρόνους ξυλόφρακτος ἄνευ σιδήρου δεδεμένη ταῖς σανίσιν αὐταῖς, ἣν καὶ μέχρις ἐμοῦ τοιαύτην φυλάττουσι Ῥωμαῖοι: ἐπιστεῖλαι δὲ τοῖς ἀνδράσιν, ὅταν τὰ πλείω τῆς γεφύρας λυθῇ καὶ βραχὺ τὸ λειπόμενον ᾖ μέρος, φράσαι πρὸς αὐτὸν σημείοις τισὶν ἢ φωνῇ γεγωνοτέρᾳ: τὰ λοιπὰ λέγων ἑαυτῷ μελήσειν.
[24.1] When they judged their own men to be safe, two of them, Herminius and Larcius, their defensive arms being now rendered useless by the continual blows they had received, began to retreat gradually. But Horatius alone, though not only the consuls but the rest of the citizens as well, solicitous above all things that such a man should be saved to his country and his parents, called to him from the city to retire, could not be prevailed upon, but remained where he had first taken his stand, and directed Herminius and Larcius to tell the consuls, as from him, to cut away the bridge in all haste at the end next the city (there was but one bridge in those days, which was built of wood and fastened together with the timbers alone, without iron, which the Romans preserve even to my day in the same condition), and to bid them, when the greater part of the bridge had been broken down and little of it remained, to give him notice of it by some signals or by shouting in a louder voice than usual; the rest, he said, would be his concern.
[2] ταῦτ᾽ ἐπικελευσάμενος τοῖς δυσὶν ἐπ᾽ αὐτῆς ἵσταται τῆς γεφύρας καὶ τῶν ὁμόσε χωρούντων οὓς μὲν τῷ ξίφει παίων, οὓς δὲ τῷ θυρεῷ περιτρέπων πάντας ἀνέστειλε τοὺς ὁρμήσαντας ἐπὶ τὴν γέφυραν: οὐκέτι γὰρ εἰς χεῖρας αὐτῷ χωρεῖν ἐτόλμων οἱ διώκοντες ὡς μεμηνότι καὶ θανατῶντι: καὶ ἅμα οὐδὲ ῥᾴδιον αὐτῷ προσελθεῖν ὑπάρχον ἐξ εὐωνύμων μὲν καὶ δεξιῶν ἔχοντι πρόβλημα τὸν ποταμόν, ἐκ δὲ τοῦ κατὰ πρόσωπον ὅπλων τε καὶ νεκρῶν σωρόν: ἀλλ᾽ ἄπωθεν ἑστῶτες ἀθρόοι λόγχαις τε καὶ σαυνίοις καὶ λί
θοις χειροπληθέσιν [p. 174] ἔβαλλον, οἷς δὲ μὴ παρῆν ταῦτα τοῖς ξίφεσι καὶ
[2] Having given these instructions to the two men, he stood upon the bridge itself, and when the enemy advanced upon him, he struck some of them with his sword and beat down others with his shield, repulsing all who attempted to rush upon the bridge. For the pursuers, looking upon him as a madman who was courting death, dared no longer come to grips with him. At the same time it was not easy for them even to come near him, since he had the river as a defence on the right and left, and in front of him a heap of arms and dead bodies. But standing massed at a distance, they hurled spears, javelins, and large stones at him, and those who were not supplied with these threw the swords and bucklers of the slain.
[3] ταῖς ἀσπίσι τῶν νεκρῶν. ὁ δ᾽ ἠμύνετο τοῖς ἐκείνων χρώμενος ὅπλοις κατ᾽ αὐτῶν καὶ ἔμελλεν ὥσπερ εἰκὸς εἰς ἀθρόους βάλλων ἀεί τινος τεύξεσθαι σκοποῦ. ἤδη δὲ καταβελὴς ὢν καὶ τραυμάτων πλῆθος ἐν πολλοῖς μέρεσι τοῦ σώματος ἔχων, μίαν δὲ πληγὴν λόγχης, ἣ διὰ θατέρου τῶν γλουτῶν ὑπὲρ τῆς κεφαλῆς τοῦ μηροῦ ἀντία ἐνεχθεῖσα ἐκάκωσεν αὐτὸν ὀδύναις καὶ τὴν βάσιν ἔβλαπτεν, ἐπειδὴ τῶν κατόπιν ἤκουσεν ἐμβοησάντων λελύσθαι τῆς γεφύρας τὸ πλέον μέρος, καθάλλεται σὺν τοῖς ὅπλοις εἰς τὸν ποταμὸν καὶ διανηξάμενος τὸ ῥεῦμα χαλεπῶς πάνυ: περὶ γὰρ τοῖς ὑπερείσμασι τῶν σανίδων σχιζόμενος ὁ ῥοῦς ὀξὺς ἦν καὶ δίνας ἐποίει μεγάλας: ἐξεκολύμβησεν εἰς τὴν γῆν οὐδὲν τῶν ὅπλων ἐν τῷ νεῖν ἀποβαλών.
Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79) Page 531