[2] And when they had received the watchword from their commanders and the trumpets had sounded the charge, they gave a shout and fell to, first, the light-armed men and the horse on each side, then the solid ranks of foot, who were armed and drawn up alike; and all mingling, a severe battle ensued in which every man fought hand to hand.
[3] ὡς δὲ πολὺ τὸ παράλογον ἀμφοτέροις τῆς δόξης ἦν: οὐδέτεροι γὰρ ἐλπίσαντες μάχης δεήσειν σφίσιν, ἀλλὰ τῇ πρώτῃ ἐφόδῳ τοὺς πολεμίους ὑπολαβόντες φοβήσειν, Λατῖνοι μὲν τῷ πλήθει τῆς σφετέρας ἵππου πιστεύσαντες, ἧς οὐδὲ τὸ ῥόθιον ᾤοντο τοὺς Ῥωμαίους ἱππεῖς ἀνέξεσθαι, Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ τῷ τολμηρῶς: καὶ ἀπερισκέπτως ἐπὶ τὰ δεινὰ χωροῦντες καταπλήξεσθαι [p. 275] τοὺς πολεμίους: ταῦτα ὑπὲρ ἀλλήλων καταδοξάσαντες ἐν ἀρχαῖς τἀναντία ἑώρων γινόμενα. οὐκέτι δὲ τὸ τῶν ἀντιπολεμίων δέος, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἴδιον θάρσος ἑκάτεροι τοῦ τε σωθήσεσθαι καὶ τοῦ νικήσειν αἴτιον σφίσι νομίσαντες ἀγαθοὶ μαχηταὶ καὶ ὑπὲρ δύναμιν ἐφάνησαν. ἐγίνοντο δὲ ποικίλαι καὶ ἀγχίστροφοι περὶ αὐτοὺς αἱ τοῦ ἀγῶνος τύχαι.
[3] However, both sides were extremely deceived in the opinion they had entertained of each other, for neither of them thought a battle would be necessary, but expected to put the enemy to flight at the first onset. The Latins, trusting in the superiority of their horse, concluded that the Roman horse would not be able even to sustain their onset; and the Romans were confident that by rushing into the midst of danger in a daring and reckless manner they should terrify their enemies. Having formed these opinions of one another in the beginning, they now saw everything turning out just the opposite. Each side, therefore, no longer founding their hopes of safety and of victory on the fear of the enemy, but on their own courage, showed themselves brave soldiers even beyond their strength. And various and sudden shifting fortunes marked their struggle.
[1] πρῶτον μὲν οὖν οἱ κατὰ μέσην τὴν φάλαγγα τεταγμένοι Ῥωμαίων, ἔνθα ὁ δικτάτωρ Ποστούμιος ἦν λογάδας ἔχων περὶ αὑτὸν ἱππεῖς, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν πρώτοις μαχόμενος, τὸ καθ᾽ αὑτοὺς ἐξωθοῦσι μέρος, τρωθέντος ὑσσῷ τὸν δεξιὸν ὦμον θατέρου τῶν Ταρκυνίου παίδων Τίτου καὶ μηκέτι δυναμένου τῇ χειρὶ
[11.1] First, the Romans posted in the centre of the line, where the dictator stood with a chosen body of horse about him, he himself fighting among the foremost, forced back that part of the enemy that stood opposite to them, after Titus, one of the sons of Tarquinius, had been wounded in the right shoulder with a javelin and was no longer able to use his arm.
[2] χρῆσθαι. Λικίννιος μὲν γὰρ καὶ οἱ περὶ Γέλλιον οὐδὲν ἐξητακότες οὔτε τῶν εἰκότων οὔτε τῶν δυνατῶν αὐτὸν εἰσάγουσι τὸν βασιλέα Ταρκύνιον ἀγωνιζόμενον ἀφ᾽ ἵππου καὶ τιτρωσκόμενον, ἄνδρα ἐνενήκοντα ἔτεσι προσάγοντα. πεσόντος δὲ Τίτου μικρὸν ἀγωνισάμενοι χρόνον οἱ περὶ αὐτὸν καὶ τὸ σῶμα ἔμψυχον ἀράμενοι γενναῖον οὐδὲν ἔτι ἔπραξαν, ἀλλ᾽ ἀνεχώρουν ἐπιοῦσι τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις ἐπὶ πόδα: ἔπειτ᾽ αὖθις ἔστησάν τε καὶ εἰς ἀντίπαλα ἐχώρουν, θατέρου τῶν Ταρκυνίου παίδων Σέξτου μετὰ τῶν ἐκ Ῥώμης φυγάδων τε καὶ τῶν [p. 276]
[2] Licinius and Gellius, indeed, without inquiring into the probabilities or possibilities of the matter, introduce King Tarquinius himself, a man approaching ninety years of age, fighting on horseback and wounded. When Titus had fallen, those about him, after fighting a little while and taking him up while he was yet alive, showed no bravery after that, but retired by degrees as the Romans advanced. Afterwards they again stood their ground and advanced against the enemy when Sextus, the other son of Tarquinius, came to their relief with the Roman exiles and the flower of the horse.
[3] ἄλλων ἐπιλέκτων ἱππέων ἐπιβοηθήσαντος αὐτοῖς. οὗτοι μὲν οὖν πάλιν ἀναλαβόντες: αὑτοὺς ἐμάχοντο, οἱ δὲ τῆς φάλαγγος ἡγεμόνες ἑκατέρας Τῖτος Αἰβούτιος καὶ Μαμίλιος Ὀκταούιος λαμπρότατα πάντων ἀγωνιζόμενοι, καὶ τρέποντες μὲν τοὺς ὑφισταμένους καθ᾽ ὃ χωρήσειαν μέρος, ἀντικαθιστάντες δὲ τῶν σφετέρων τοὺς θορυβηθέντας, χωροῦσιν ἐκ προκλήσεως ὁμόσε, καὶ συρράξαντες πληγὰς κατ᾽ ἀλλήλων φέρουσιν ἰσχυράς, οὐ μὴν καιρίους, ὁ μὲν ἱππάρχης εἰς τὰ στέρνα τοῦ Μαμιλίου διὰ θώρακος ἐλάσας τὴν αἰχμἠν, ὁ δὲ Μαμίλιος μέσον περονήσας τὸν δεξιὸν ἐκείνου βραχίονα: καὶ πίπτουσιν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππων.
[3] These, therefore, recovering themselves, fought again. In the meantime Titus Aebutius and Mamilius Octavius, the commanders of the foot on either side, fought the most brilliantly of all, driving their opponents before them wherever they charged and rallying those of their own men who had become disordered; and, then, challenging each other, they came to blows and in the encounter gave one another grievous wounds, though not mortal, the Master of the Horse driving his spear through the corslet of Mamilius into his breast, and Mamilius running the other through the middle of his right arm; and both fell from their horses.
[1] ἀποκομισθέντων δ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων ἐκ τῆς μάχης ὁ τεταγμένος αὖθις πρεσβευτὴς Μάρκος Οὐαλέριος τὴν τοῦ ἱππάρχου παρειληφὼς ἡγεμονίαν, ἐπιστὰς σὺν τοῖς ἀμφ᾽ αὐτὸν ἱππεῦσιν ἐπὶ τοὺς κατὰ πρόσωπον καὶ μικρὸν ἀντισχὼν χρόνον ἐξωθεῖται ταχέως τῆς τάξεως ἐπὶ πολύ: ἧκον δὲ καὶ τούτοις ἐκ τῶν φυγάδων τῶν ἐκ Ῥώμης ἱππέων τε καὶ ψιλῶν βοήθειαι, καὶ ὁ Μαμίλιος ἀνειληφὼς ἐκ τῆς πληγῆς ἑαυτὸν ἤδη παρῆν αὖθις ἄγων πλῆθος ἱππέων τε καὶ πεζῶν καρτερόν: ἐν τούτῳ τῷ ἀγῶνι ὅ τε πρεσβευτὴς Μάρκος Οὐαλέριος, ὁ τὸν κατὰ Σαβίνων πρῶτος καταγαγὼν θρίαμβον καὶ τὸ φρόνημα τῆς πόλεως τεταπεινωμένον ἐκ [p. 277] τοῦ Τυρρηνικοῦ πταίσματος ἀναστήσας, δόρατι πληγεὶς πίπτει, καὶ περὶ αὐτὸν ἄλλοι Ῥωμαίων πολλοὶ καὶ
[12.1] Both of these leaders having been carried off the field, Marcus Valerius, who had again been appointed legate, took over the command of the Master of the Horse and with his followers attacked those of the enemy who confronted him; and after a brief resistance on their part he speedily drove them far out of the line. But to this body of the enemy also came reinforcements from the Roman exiles, both horse and light-armed men; and Mamilius, having by this time recovered from his wound, appeared on the field again at the head of a strong body both of horse and foot. In this action not only Marcus Valerius, the legate, fell, wounded with a spear (he w
as the man who had first triumphed over the Sabines and raised the spirit of the commonwealth when dejected by the defeat it had received at the hands of the Tyrrhenians), but also many other brave Romans at his side.
[2] ἀγαθοί. περὶ δὲ τῷ πτώματι αὐτοῦ γίνεται καρτερὸς ἀγὼν Ποπλίου καὶ Μάρκου τῶν Ποπλικόλα παίδων τὸν θεῖον ὑπερασπισάντων. ἐκεῖνον μὲν οὖν ἀσκύλευτόν τε: καὶ μικρὸν ἔτι ἐμπνέοντα τοῖς ὑπασπισταῖς ἀναθέντες ἀπέστειλαν ἐπὶ τὸν χάρακα, αὐτοὶ δ᾽ εἰς μέσους τοὺς πολεμίους ὑπὸ λήματός τε καὶ προθυμίας ὠσάμενοι καὶ πολλὰ τραύματα λαβόντες, ἀθρόων περιχυθέντων σφίσι τῶν φυγάδων, ἀποθνήσκουσιν ἅμα.
[2] A sharp conflict took place over his body, as Publius and Marcus, the sons of publicola, protected their uncle with their shields; but they delivered him to their shield-bearers undespoiled and still breathing a little, and sent him back to the camp. For their own part, such was their courage and ardour, they thrust themselves into the midst of the enemy, and receiving many wounds, as the Roman exiles pressed closely round them, they perished together.
[3] ἐξωθεῖται δὲ μετὰ τοῦτο τὸ πάθος ἡ Ῥωμαίων φάλαγξ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀριστερῶν ἐπὶ πολὺ καὶ μέχρι τῶν μέσων παρερρήγνυτο. ἔπειτα μαθὼν ὁ δικτάτωρ τὴν τροπὴν τῶν σφετέρων, ἐβοήθει κατὰ τάχος ἄγων τοὺς περὶ αὐτὸν ἱππεῖς. κελεύσας δὲ τὸν ἕτερον πρεσβευτήν, Τῖτον Ἑρμήνιον, ἴλην ἱππέων ἄγοντα κατὰ νώτου χωρεῖν τῆς σφετέρας φάλαγγος καὶ τοὺς φεύγοντας ἐπιστρέφειν, εἰ δὲ μὴ πείθοιντο ἀποκτεῖναι, αὐτὸς ἅμα τοῖς κρατίστοις ἐπὶ τὸ στῖφος ὠθεῖται, κἀπειδὴ πλησίον τῶν πολεμίων ἐγένετο πρῶτος εἰσελαύνει τὸν ἵππον ἀφειμένων τῶν χαλινῶν.
[3] After this misfortune the line of the Romans was forced to give way on the left for a long distance and was being broken even to the centre. When the dictator learned of the rout of his men, he hastened to their assistance with the horse he had about him. And ordering the other legate, Titus Herminius, to take a top of horse, and passing behind their own lines, to force the men who fled to face about, and if they refused obedience to kill them, he himself with the best of his men pushed on towards the thick of the conflict; and when he came near the enemy, he spurred on ahead of the rest with a loose rein.
[4] ἀθρόας δὲ γενομένης καὶ καταπληκτικῆς τῆς ἐλάσεως οὐ δεξάμενοι τὸ μανικὸν αὐτῶν καὶ τεθηριωμένον οἱ πολέμιοι τρέπονται καὶ πίπτουσι συχνοί. ἐν δὲ τούτῳ καὶ ὁ πρεσβευτὴς [p. 278] Ἑρμήνιος ἀνειληφὼς τοὺς φοβηθέντας ἐκ τῆς τροπῆς τῶν σφετέρων ἦγεν ἐπὶ τοὺς περὶ τὸν Μαμίλιον συνεστῶτας: καὶ συμπεσὼν αὐτῷ μεγίστῳ τε ὄντι καὶ ῥώμην ἀρίστῳ τῶν καθ᾽ αὑτὸν τότε ἀνθρώπων ἐκεῖνόν τ᾽ ἀποκτείνει καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν τῷ σκυλεύειν τὸν νεκρὸν πληγεὶς ὑπό τινος ξίφει διὰ τῆς λαγόνος ἀποθνήσκει.
[4] And as they all charged in a body in this terrifying manner, the enemy, unable to sustain their frenzied and savage onset, fled and many of them fell. In the meantime the legate Herminius also, having rallied from their route those of his men who had been put to flight, brought them up and attacked the troops arrayed under Mamilius; and encountering this general, who both for stature and strength was the best man of his time, he not only killed him, but was slain himself while he was despoiling the body, someone having pierced his flank with a sword.
[5] Σέξτος δὲ Ταρκύνιος τοῦ λαιοῦ τῶν Λατίνων κέρατος ἡγούμενος ἀντεῖχεν ἔτι τοῖς δεινοῖς καὶ τοὺς ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ τῶν Ῥωμαίων κέρατος ἐξεώθει τῆς στάσεως: ὡς δὲ τὸν Ποστόμιον ἐθεάσατο σὺν τοῖς ἐπιλέκτοις ἱππεῦσιν ἐπιφερόμενον ἀπογνοὺς ἁπάσης: ἐλπίδος εἰς μέσους αὐτοὺς ἵεται: ἔνθα δὴ κυκλωθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἱππέων τε καὶ πεζῶν καὶ βαλλόμενος πανταχόθεν ὥσπερ θηρίον, οὐκ ἄνευ τοῦ πολλοὺς ἀποκτεῖναι τῶν ὁμόσε χωρησάντων ἀποθνήσκει. πεσόντων δὲ τῶν ἡγεμόνων, ἀθρόα γίνεται πάντων αὐτίκα τῶν Λατίνων φυγὴ καὶ τοῦ χάρακος αὐτῶν ἐρήμου καταλειφθέντος ὑπὸ τῶν φυλάκων ἅλωσις, ὅθεν οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι πολλὰς καὶ καλὰς ἔλαβον ὠφελείας.
[5] Sextus Tarquinius, who commanded the left wing of the Latins, still held out against all the dangers that beset him, and was forcing the right wing of the Romans to give way. But when he saw Postumius suddenly appear with the flower of the horse, he gave over all hope and rushed into the midst of the enemy’s ranks, where, being surrounded by the Romans, both horse and foot, and assaulted on all sides with missiles, like a wild beast, he perished, but not before he had killed many of those who came to close quarters with him. Their leaders having fallen, the Latins at once fled en masse, and their camp, abandoned by the men who had been left to guard it, was captured; from this camp the Romans took much valuable booty.
[6] συμφορά τε αὕτη μεγίστη Λατίνοις ἐγένετο, δι᾽ ἣν ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἐκακώθησαν, καὶ φθόρος σωμάτων, ὅσος οὔπω πρότερον: ἀπὸ γὰρ τετρακισμυρίων πεζῶν καὶ τρισχιλίων ἱππέων, ὥσπερ ἔφην, οἱ λειφθέντες ἐλάττους μυρίων ἐσώθησαν ἐπὶ τὰ σφέτερα.
[6] Not only was this a very great defeat for the Latins, from the disastrous effects of which they suffered a very long time, but their losses were greater than ever before. For out of 40,000 foot and 3000 horse, as I have said, less than 10,000 survivors returned to their homes in safety.
[1] ἐν ταύτῃ λέγονται τῇ μάχῃ Ποστομίῳ τε [p. 279] τῷ δικτάτορι καὶ τοῖς περὶ αὐτὸν τεταγμένοις ἱππεῖς δύο φανῆναι, κάλλει τε καὶ μεγέθει μακρῷ κρείττους, ὧν ἡ καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς φύσις ἐκφέρει, ἐναρχόμενοι γενειᾶν, ἡγούμενοί τε τῆς Ῥωμαικῆς ἵππου καὶ τοὺς ὁμόσε χωροῦντας τῶν Λατίνων παίοντες τοῖς δόρασι καὶ προτροπάδην ἐλαύνοντες. καὶ μετὰ τὴν τροπὴν τῶν Λατίνων καὶ τὴν ἅλωσιν τοῦ χάρακος αὐτῶν περὶ δείλην ὀψίαν τὸ τέλος λαβούσης τῆς μάχης, ἐν τῇ Ῥωμαίων ἀγορᾷ τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ὀφθῆναι δύο νεανίσκοι λέγονται, πολεμικὰς ἐνδεδυκότες στολὰς μήκιστοί τε καὶ κάλλιστοι καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἡλικίαν ἔχοντες, αὐτοί τε φυλάττοντες ἐπὶ τῶν προσώπων ὡς ἐκ μάχης ἡκόντων τὸ ἐναγώνιον σχῆμα, καὶ τοὺς ἵππους ἱδρῶτι διαβρόχους ἐπαγόμενοι.
[13.1] It is said that in this battle two men on horseback, far excelling in both beauty and stat
ure those our human stock produces, and just growing their first beard, appeared to Postumius, the dictator, and to those arrayed about him, and charged at the head of the Roman horse, striking with their spears all the Latins they encountered and driving them headlong before them. And after the flight of the Latins and the capture of their camp, the battle having come to an end in the late afternoon, two youths are said to have appeared in the same manner in the Roman Forum attired in military garb, very tall and beautiful and of the same age, themselves retaining on their countenances as having come from a battle, the look of combatants, and the horses they led being all in a sweat.
[2] ἄρσαντες δὲ τῶν ἵππων ἑκάτερον καὶ ἀπονίψαντες ἀπὸ τῆς λιβάδος, ἣ παρὰ τὸ ἱερὸν τῆς Ἑστίας ἀναδίδωσι λίμνην ποιοῦσα ἐμβύθιον ὀλίγην, πολλῶν αὐτοὺς περιστάντων καὶ εἴ τι φέρουσιν ἐπὶ κοινὸν ἀπὸ στρατοπέδου μαθεῖν ἀξιούντων, τήν τε μάχην αὐτοῖς φράζουσιν, ὡς ἐγένετο καὶ ὅτι νικῶσιν: οὓς μεταχωρήσαντας ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ὑπ᾽ οὐδενὸς ἔτι λέγουσιν ὀφθῆναι, πολλὴν ζήτησιν αὐτῶν ποιουμένου [p. 280]
[2] And when they had each of them watered their horses and washed them at the fountain which rises near the temple of Vesta and forms a small but deep pool, and many people stood about them and inquired if they brought any news from the camp, they related how the battle had gone and that the Romans were the victors. And it is said that after they left the Forum they were not seen again by anyone, though great search was made for them by the man who had been left in command of the city.
Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79) Page 552