[3] ταύτης τ᾽ οὖν τῆς ὕβρεως ὀργῇ ἐπαρθεὶς ὁ ἀνὴρ καὶ τὴν μεταβολὴν τοῦ πολιτεύματος εἰς τὸν ἐξ ἀρχῆς κόσμον ἀποκαταστῆσαι προθυμούμενος αὐτός τ᾽ ἀναφανδόν, ὥσπερ καὶ πρότερον ἔφην, ἔπραττε τὴν τοῦ δήμου κατάλυσιν, καὶ [p. 35] τοὺς ἄλλους ἐνῆγεν. ἦν δὲ περὶ αὐτὸν ἑταιρία μεγάλη νέων εὐγενῶν, οἷς ἦν τὰ μέγιστα τιμήματα βίων καὶ πελάται συχνοὶ συνεστηκότες ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐκ τῶν πολέμων ὠφελείαις: οἷς ἐπαιρόμενος ἐφρυάττετο καὶ λαμπρὸς ἦν καὶ προῆλθεν ἐπὶ μήκιστον ἐπιφανείας.
[3] Marcius, therefore, being exasperated at this humiliation, and at the same time desirous of restoring the government to its ancient form, not only worked openly himself, as I have already said, to overthrow the power of the people, but also urged his associates on to the same end. He had about him a large faction of young men of noble birth and of the greatest fortunes, as well as many clients who had attached themselves to him for the sake of the booty to be gained in the wars. Elated by these advantages, he assumed a haughty air, became conspicuous, and attained to the greatest distinction.
[4] οὐ μὴν εὐτυχοῦς γε διὰ ταῦτα καταστροφῆς ἔτυχε: συναχθείσης γὰρ ὑπὲρ τούτων βουλῆς καὶ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, ὡς ἔθος ἦν αὐτοῖς, πρώτων ἀποφηναμένων τὰς ἑαυτῶν διανοίας, ἐν οἷς οὐ πολλοί τινες ἦσαν οἱ τὰς κατὰ τοῦ δήμου γνώμας ἄντικρυς ἀγορεύσαντες, ἐπειδὴ καθῆκεν εἰς τοὺς νεωτέρους ὁ λόγος, αἰτησάμενος ἐξουσίαν παρὰ τῶν ὑπάτων εἰπεῖν ὅσα βούλεται, καὶ τυχὼν ἐπισημασίας τε μεγάλης καὶ προσοχῆς λόγον διεξῆλθε κατὰ τοῦ δήμου τοιόνδε.
[4] And yet, for all this, he did not come to a fortunate end, as shall now be related. The senate having been assembled to consider the matters I have mentioned, and the older senators, according to custom, having delivered their opinions first, only a few of them declaring openly against the populace, when it came to the turn of the younger senators to speak, Marcius asked leave of the consuls to say what he wished; and meeting with loud acclaim and strict attention, he delivered the following harangue against the populace:
[1] ὅτι μὲν οὐχ ὑπ᾽ ἀνάγκης τε καὶ ἀπορίας βιασθεὶς ὁ δῆμος ἐποιήσατο τὴν ἀπόστασιν, ὦ πατέρες, ἀλλὰ πονηρᾷ ἐλπίδι ἐπαρθεὶς ὡς καταλύσων τὴν ἀριστοκρατίαν ὑμῶν καὶ πάντων αὐτὸς ἐσόμενος τῶν κοινῶν κύριος, σχεδὸν οἶμαι πάντας ὑμᾶς ᾐσθῆσθαι τὰ περὶ τὰς διαλλαγὰς αὐτοῦ πλεονεκτήματα ὁρῶντας: ᾧ γ᾽ οὐκ ἀπέχρησε διαφθείραντι τὴν περὶ τὰ συμβόλαια πίστιν καὶ τοὺς ἐπὶ ταύτῃ κειμένους ἀνελόντι νόμους μηθὲν ἄλλο πολυπραγμονεῖν, καινὴν δὲ καταστησάμενος ἀρχὴν ἐπὶ τῷ καθελεῖν τὴν τῶν ὑπάτων ἱερὰν καὶ ἄσυλον ἐποίησεν αὐτὴν νόμῳ, καὶ νῦν τυραννικὴν ἐξουσίαν περιβαλλόμενος, ὦ βουλή, τῷ νεωστὶ κυρωθέντι νόμῳ λέληθεν ὑμᾶς.
[22.1] “That the populace seceded, after hims, not because of necessity and want, but because they were elated by the mischievous hope of destroying your aristocracy and of becoming themselves masters of the commonwealth, I think has become clear to nearly all of you when you observe the advantages which they gained by the accommodation. For they were not content, after they had destroyed the good faith which gave validity to their contracts and had abolished the laws made to secure it, to carry their meddling no farther, but introducing a new magistracy designed to overthrow that of the consuls, they made it sacred and inviolable by law, and have now, unobserved by you, senators, been acquiring a tyrannical power through this newly-enacted law.
[2] ὅταν γὰρ ἐπ᾽ ἐξουσίας πολλῆς οἱ [p. 36] προεστηκότες αὐτοῦ πρόφασιν εὐπρεπῆ προβαλλόμενοι τὸ δὴ τοῖς ἀδικουμένοις τῶν δημοτῶν βοηθεῖν διὰ τῆς ἐξουσίας ταύτης ἄγωσι καὶ φέρωσιν, ὅσ᾽ ἂν αὐτοῖς δοκῇ, καὶ μηθεὶς ὁ κωλύσων τὰς παρανομίας αὐτῶν ᾖ, μήτ᾽ ἰδιώτης μήτ᾽ ἄρχων δεδοικὼς τὸν νόμον, ὃς ἀφαιρεῖται καὶ τὸν λόγον ἡμῶν ἅμα τοῖς ἔργοις θάνατον ἐπιτιθεὶς ζημίαν τοῖς ἐλευθέραν φωνὴν ἀφιεῖσι, τί προσῆκεν ὄνομα θέσθαι τῇ δυναστείᾳ ταύτῃ τοὺς νοῦν ἔχοντας ἕτερον, ἢ τοῦθ᾽, ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἀληθὴς καὶ πάντες ἂν ὁμολογήσετε, τυραννίδα; εἰ δ᾽ οὐχ ὑφ᾽ ἑνὸς ἀνδρός, ἀλλ᾽ ὑφ᾽ ὅλου τυραννούμεθα δήμου, τί τοῦτο διαφέρει; τὸ γὰρ ἔργον ἐξ ἀμφοῖν ταὐτό.
[2] For when their leaders, in their great power putting forward the specious pretence of coming to the aid of such plebeians as are wronged, sack and pillage whatever they please by virtue of that power, and when there is no man, either private citizen or magistrate, who will oppose their lawless deeds for fear of this law, which destroys even our liberty of speech as well as of action by imposing the penalty of death on all who utter a word befitting freemen, what other name ought to be given by sensible men to this domination but that which is the true one and which you would all own to be such, namely, a tyranny? And if we are under the tyranny, not of one man, but of a whole populace, what is the difference? For the effect of both is the same.
[3] κράτιστον μὲν οὖν ἦν μηδὲ τὸ σπέρμα τῆς ἐξουσίας ταύτης ἐᾶσαι καταβαλλόμενον, ἀλλὰ πάντα ὑπομεῖναι πρότερον, ὡς Ἄππιος ὁ βέλτιστος ἐκ πολλοῦ τὰ δεινὰ προορώμενος ἠξίου, εἰ δὲ μή, νῦν γ᾽ ὁμοθυμαδὸν ἅπαντας ἐξορύξαντας αὐτὴν πρόρριζον ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ἐκβαλεῖν, ἕως
[3] It would have been best, therefore, never to have permitted even the seed of this power to be sown, but rather to have submitted to everything, as the excellent Appius, who foresaw these mischiefs from afar, advised. But if that could not be, we ought now at least with one accord to pluck it up by the roots and cast it out of the city while it is yet weak and easily combatted.
[4] ἀσθενής ἐστι καὶ προσπολεμηθῆναι ῥᾳδία. καὶ τοῦτ᾽ οὐ πρώτοις ἡμῖν, ὦ βουλή, οὐδὲ μόνοις ἐξεγένετο παθεῖν, πολλοῖς δὲ καὶ πολλάκις ἤδη τοῖς εἰς ἀβουλήτους ἀνάγκας καταστᾶσι γνώμης ἁμαρτοῦσι τῆς ἀρίστης περὶ τὰ μέγιστα, ἐπειδὴ τὰς ἀρχὰς οὐκ ἐκώλυσαν τοῦ κακοῦ, τὰς αὐξήσεις πειρᾶσθαι καθαιρεῖν: καὶ ἡ μετάνοια τῶν ὀψὲ ἀρχομένων σωφρονεῖν ἥττων οὖσα τῆς προνοίας, καθ᾽ ἕτερον αὖ τρόπον οὐ χείρων οὖσα ἀναφαίνεται τῇ κωλύσει τοῦ τέλους ἀφανίζουσα τὸ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ἀγνοηθέν. [p. 37]
[4] And we are not the first or the only persons to whom
this experience has come, senators, but oft-times in the part many who have been reduced to unenviable straits and have failed to take the best counsel in matters of the greatest consequence, since they did not check the beginnings of the evil, have endeavoured to prevent its growth. And the repentance of those who are late in beginning to be wise, though inferior to foresight, yet, when viewed in another light, is seen to be no less valuable, since it wipes out the error originally made in ignorance by preventing its consequences.
[1] εἰ δέ τισιν ὑμῶν δεινὰ μὲν τὰ τοῦ δήμου ἔργα εἶναι δοκεῖ, καὶ κωλύεσθαι αὐτὸν οἴονται δεῖν τὰ λοιπὰ ἐξαμαρτάνοντα, δέος δ᾽ εἰσέρχεται, μὴ δόξωσι λύειν τὰς ὁμολογίας πρότεροι καὶ παραβαίνειν τοὺς ὅρκους, γνώτωσαν, ὅτι οὐκ ἄρχοντες, ἀλλ᾽ ἀμυνόμενοι, οὐδ᾽ ἀναιροῦντες τὰς ὁμολογίας, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἀνῃρηκότας τιμωρούμενοι αὐτὸ δρῶσιν, ἀναίτιοί τε πρὸς θεοὺς ἔσονται καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ σφετέρῳ συμφέροντι τὰ δίκαια πράξουσι.
[23.1] “But if any of you, while looking upon the actions of the populace as outrageous and believing that they ought to be prevented from making any further mistakes, are nevertheless afraid of seeming to be the first to violate the agreement and transgress the oaths, let them know that, since they will not be the aggressors but will be repelling aggression, and will not be violating the agreement but rather punishing the violators of it, they will not only be guiltless towards the gods, but will also be doing an act of justice while they consult their own interest.
[2] μέγα δ᾽ ὑμῖν γενέσθω τεκμήριον, ὅτι τοῦ λύειν τὰς ὁμολογίας καὶ παρασπονδεῖν οὐχ ὑμεῖς, ἀλλὰ τὸ δημοτικὸν ἄρχει μέρος οὐκ ἀξιοῦν ἐμμένειν, ἐφ᾽ οἷς εὕρετο τὴν κάθοδον: οὐ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῷ κακῶς δρᾶσαι τὴν βουλήν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ τῷ μὴ ὑπ᾽ ἐκείνης κακοῦσθαι τὴν τῶν δημάρχων ἐξουσίαν ᾐτήσατο. χρῆται δ᾽ αὐτῇ οὐκέτι εἰς ἃ δεῖ οὐδ᾽ ἐφ᾽ οἷς εὕρετο, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ διαφθορᾷ
[2] And let this be a strong argument that it is not you who are taking the first steps to break the agreement and violate treaty, but rather the plebeian element, by not observing the conditions upon which they obtained their return. For, after asking for the tribunician power, not in order to injure the senate, but to secure themselves from being injured by the senate, they no longer employ this power for the purposes they ought or on the terms on which they obtained it, but for the overthrow and destruction of the established government.
[3] καὶ συγχύσει τῆς πατρίου πολιτείας. μέμνησθε γὰρ δήπου τὴν νεωστὶ γενομένην ἐκκλησίαν καὶ τοὺς ὑπὸ τῶν δημαγωγῶν ῥηθέντας ἐν αὐτῇ λόγους, ὅσην ἐπεδείξαντο αὐθάδειάν τε καὶ ἀκοσμίαν, καὶ νῦν, ἐφ᾽ οἵου εἰσὶν αὐχήματος οἱ μηδὲν ὑγιὲς φρονοῦντες, ἐπειδὴ ἔγνωσαν, ὡς ἐν τῇ ψήφῳ ἐστὶν ἅπαν τὸ τῆς πόλεως κράτος, ἧς αὐτοὶ κρατήσουσι πλείους ἡμῶν ὄντες.
[3] For surely you recall the recent assembly of the people and the harangues there made by their demagogues, what arrogance and unruliness they showed, and how these infatuated men vaunt themselves now, since they have discovered that the whole control of the commonwealth lies in the vote, which they will control, being more numerous than we.
[4] τί οὖν καταλείπεται ποιεῖν ἡμῖν ἀρξάντων ἐκείνων παρασπονδεῖν καὶ παρανομεῖν, εἰ μὴ τὸ ἀμύνεσθαι τοὺς ἄρξαντας, καὶ ἃ τέως ἀδίκως ἔχουσιν ἀφελέσθαι σὺν δίκῃ, καὶ εἰς τὸ λοιπὸν παῦσαι πλειόνων ἐφιεμένους: [p. 38] χάριν εἰδότας τοῖς θεοῖς, ὅτι οὐκ εἴασαν αὐτοὺς τὰ πρῶτα πλεονεκτήσαντας εἰς τὰ λοιπὰ σωφρονεῖν, ἀλλὰ ταύτην ἐνέβαλον αὐτοῖς τὴν ἀναισχυντίαν τε καὶ πολυπραγμοσύνην, ὑφ᾽ ἧς ὑμεῖς ἀναγκασθέντες τά τ᾽ ἀπολωλότα πειρᾶσθε ἀναλαβεῖν, καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ δι᾽ ἧς προσῆκε φυλακῆς λαβεῖν.
[4] What, therefore, remains for us to do, now that they have begun to violate the compact and the law, but to repel to attacks of the aggressors, to deprive them justly of what they now unjustly possess, and for the future to put a stop to their craving for ever more and more? And we should return thanks to the gods for not having permitted them, when they had gained an unfair advantage at first, to act after that with moderation, but for having inspired them with this shamelessness and officiousness which have forced you to endeavour both to recover the rights you have lost and to guard with due care those that remain.
[1] καιρὸς δ᾽ ὁ παρὼν οἷος οὐχ ἕτερος, εἴπερ γ᾽ ἄρχεσθαι μέλλετε σωφρονεῖν, ἐν ᾧ κεκάκωται αὐτῶν τὸ πλεῖστον μέρος ὑπὸ τοῦ λιμοῦ, καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν οὐκ ἂν ἔτι δύναιτο πολὺν ἀντισχεῖν χρόνον ὑπ᾽ ἀχρηματίας, εἰ σπανίους τε καὶ τιμίας ἔχοι τὰς ἀγοράς: ἀναγκασθήσονται δ᾽ οἱ μὲν κάκιστοι καὶ οὐδέποτε τῇ ἀριστοκρατίᾳ χαίροντες ἐκλιπεῖν τὴν πόλιν, οἱ δ᾽ ἐπιεικέστεροι πολιτεύεσθαι κοσμίως μηθὲν ἔτι ἐνοχλοῦντες ὑμῖν.
[24] “The present opportunity is favourable as no other, if you really intend to begin to act with wisdom, since the greater part of the plebeians are now reduced to dire straits by the famine and the rest cannot hold out for want of money if they find proves scarce and dear. The worst of them and those who were never pleased with the aristocracy will be forced to leave the city, and the more reasonable will be compelled to behave themselves in an orderly manner without giving you any further trouble.
[2] τάς τ᾽ οὖν ἀγορὰς διὰ φυλακῆς ἔχετε, καὶ τῆς τιμῆς τῶν ὠνίων μηθὲν ἀνίετε, ἀλλ᾽ ὅσου πλείστου ποτὲ ἦν τὰ ὤνια, τοσούτου καὶ νῦν αὐτὰ πωλεῖν ψηφίσασθε δικαίας ἀφορμὰς ἔχοντες καὶ προφάσεις εὐλόγους τήν τ᾽ ἀχάριστον τοῦ δήμου καταβοήν, ὡς ὐφ᾽ ἡμῶν κατασκευασθείσης τῆς σιτοδείας, ἣ διὰ τὴν ἀπόστασιν τὴν ἐκείνων ἐγένετο καὶ τὴν καταφθοράν, ἣν ἐποιήσαντο, τῆς γῆς, ἄγοντες αὐτὴν καὶ φέροντες ὥσπερ πολεμίαν, καὶ τὰς ἐξαιρεθείσας ἐκ τοῦ δημοσίου δαπάνας εἰς τοὺς ἀποσταλέντας ἐπὶ τὴν σιτωνίαν ἄνδρας, καὶ ἄλλα πολλά τιν᾽, ἃ ἠδίκησθε ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν: ἵνα καὶ [p. 39] γνῶμεν ἤδη, τί ποτ᾽ ἐστὶν ἐκεῖνο τὸ δεινόν, ὃ διαθήσουσιν ἡμᾶς, ἂν μὴ ποιῶμεν ἅπαντα τῷ δήμῳ τὰ καθ᾽ ἡδονάς, ὡς οἱ δημαγωγοὶ αὐτῶν δεδιττόμενοι ἔλεγον.
[2] Keep the provisions, therefore, under guard, and abate nothing of the price of commodities, but pass a vote that they shall now be sold at as high a price as ever. For this you have just grounds and plausible excuses in the ungrateful clamour of the populace to the effect that the scarcity
of corn was contrived by you, whereas it was occasioned by their own revolt and the desolation of the country which they caused when they pillaged it just as if it had been the territory of an enemy; and again in the disbursements from the treasury to the men sent to purchase corn, and in many other instances in which you have been wronged by them. By this means we shall also know at last what that grievous treatment is which they are going to inflict upon us if we refuse to gratify the people in everything, as their demagogues threatened in order to frighten us.
[3] εἰ δ᾽ ἀφήσετε καὶ τοῦτον ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν τὸν καιρόν, πολλάκις εὔξεσθε τοιούτου τυχεῖν ἑτέρου: καὶ εἰ γνοίη τοῦθ᾽ ὁ δῆμος, ὅτι βουληθέντες καταλύειν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἰσχὺν ἀπετράπεσθε, πολὺ μᾶλλον ὑμῖν βαρὺς ἐγκείσεται, πολέμιον μὲν τὸ βουλόμενον ὑμῶν ἡγούμενος, δειλὸν δὲ τὸ μὴ δυνάμενον.
[3] But if you let this opportunity also slip from your grasp, you will often pray for such another. Moreover, if the people should become aware that you desired to overthrow their power but were deterred, they will bear down much harder upon you, looking upon your desire as a proof of enmity and upon your inability to carry it out as evidence of cowardice.”
[1] τοιαῦτ᾽ εἰπόντος τοῦ Μαρκίου διέστησαν αἱ γνῶμαι τῶν συνέδρων, καὶ θόρυβος ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐγίνετο πολύς. οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐναντίοι τοῖς δημοτικοῖς καὶ τὰς διαλλαγὰς παρὰ γνώμην ὑπομείναντες, ἐν οἷς ἥ τε νεότης ὀλίγου δεῖν πᾶσα ἦν καὶ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων οἱ πλουσιώτατοί τε καὶ φιλοτιμότατοι, βαρέως φέροντες οἱ μὲν ἐπὶ ταῖς περὶ τὰ συμβόλαια βλάβαις, οἱ δ᾽ ἐπὶ τῇ περὶ τὰς τιμὰς ἐλαττώσει ἐπῄνουν τὸν ἄνδρα ὡς γενναῖον καὶ φιλόπολιν καὶ τὰ κράτιστα τῷ κοινῷ
Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79) Page 585