[2] Accordingly, when he was later brought to trial by the tribunes, this was the chief ground for his condemnation. For the people of Rome deeply mourned their having shorn themselves of the valour of so many and so brave men and were severe and inexorable toward all whom they suspected of having been responsible for so great a calamity; and they regard the day on which the disaster occurred as black and inauspicious and will begin no useful labour on it, looking upon the disaster which then occurred on that day as a bad omen.
[3] ὡς δὲ πλησίον ἐγένοντο τῶν Ῥωμαίων οἱ Τυρρηνοί, συνιδόντες αὐτῶν τὸ στρατόπεδον — ἦν δ᾽ ὑπὸ λαγόνι κείμενον ὄρους — τῆς τ᾽ ἀπειρίας τοῦ στρατηγοῦ κατεφρόνησαν, καὶ τὸ δοθὲν ὑπὸ τῆς τύχης πλεονέκτημα ἀγαπητῶς ἔλαβον. καὶ αὐτίκα τοὺς ἱππεῖς ἀναλαβόντες κατὰ τὴν ἑτέραν πλευρὰν τοῦ λόφου οὐδενὸς κωλύοντος ἀνέβησαν ἐπὶ τὴν κορυφήν. καταλαβόμενοι δὲ τὸν ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς τῶν Ῥωμαίων κόρυμβον ἔθεντο ἐν τούτῳ τὰ ὅπλα, καὶ τὴν ἄλλην δύναμιν ἀσφαλῶς ἀναβιβάσαντες ὑψηλῷ χάρακι καὶ βαθείᾳ τάφρῳ τὴν παρεμβολὴν ὠχυρώσαντο.
[3] When the Tyrrhenians came near the Romans and observed the situation of their camp, which lay under a flank of a hill, they felt contempt for the inexperience of the general and gladly grasped the advantage presented to them by Fortune. They at once marched up the opposite side of the hill with their horse and gained the summit without opposition. Then, having possessed themselves of the height above the Romans, they made camp there, brought up the rest of their army in safety, and fortified the camp with a high palisade and a deep ditch.
[4] εἰ μὲν οὖν συνιδὼν ὁ Μενήνιος, οἷον ἔδωκε πλεονέκτημα τοῖς πολεμίοις, μετέγνω τε τὴν ἁμαρτάδα καὶ εἰς ἀσφαλέστερον ἀπήγαγε χωρίον τὴν στρατιάν, σοφὸς ἂν ἦν, νῦν δὲ δι᾽ αἰσχύνης λαμβάνων τὸ δοκεῖν ἡμαρτηκέναι [p. 315] καὶ τὸ αὔθαδες πρὸς τοὺς μεταδιδάσκοντας φυλάττων, μετὰ αἰσχύνης ἄξιον πτῶμα ἔπεσεν.
[4] Now if Menenius, when he perceived what an advantage he had given the enemy, had repented of his error and removed his army to a safer position, he would have been wise; but as it was, being ashamed to be thought to have made a mistake, and maintaining an obstinate front toward those who advised him to change his plans, he came a merited fall which brought disgrace as well.
[5] οἷα γὰρ ἐξ ὑπερδεξίων αὐτοῦ τόπων οἱ πολέμιοι τὰς ἐξόδους ἑκάστοτε ποιούμενοι πολλὰ ἐπλεονέκτουν, ἀγοράς τ᾽ αὐτῶν ἀγομένας ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμπόρων ἁρπάζοντες, καὶ τοῖς ἐπὶ χιλὸν ἢ ὕδωρ ἐκπορευομένοις ἐπιτιθέμενοι: καὶ περιειστήκει τῷ μὲν ὑπάτῳ μήτε καιροῦ εἶναι κυρίῳ, ἐν ᾧ τὸν ἀγῶνα ἔμελλε ποιεῖσθαι, μήτε τόπου, ἃ δοκεῖ μεγάλα εἶναι κατηγορήματα ἡγεμόνων στρατηγίας ἀπείρων: τοῖς δὲ Τυρρηνοῖς ἀμφότερα, ὡς ἐβούλοντο,
[5] For as the enemy were constantly sending out detachments from places that commanded his camp, they had many advantages, not only seizing the provisions which the merchants were bringing to the Romans, but also attacking his men as they went out for forage or for water; and it had come to the point where the consul did not have it in his power to choose either the time or the place of combat — which seems to be strong evidence of the inexperience of a general — whereas the Tyrrhenians could do both as they wished.
[6] εἶχε ταῦτα. καὶ οὐδὲ τότ᾽ ἀπαναστῆσαι τὴν στρατιὰν ὁ Μενήνιος ὑπέμεινεν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐξαγαγὼν παρέταξεν ὡς εἰς μάχην, καταφρονήσας τῶν τὰ συμφέροντα ὑποτιθεμένων. καὶ οἱ Τυρρηνοὶ τὴν ἄνοιαν τοῦ στρατηγοῦ μέγα εὐτύχημα ἡγησάμενοι κατέβαινον ἐκ τοῦ χάρακος οὐκ ἐλάττους ἢ διπλάσιοι τῶν πολεμίων ὄντες.
[6] And not even then could Menenius bring himself to move his army away from there; but leading out the troops, he drew them up ready for battle, scorning all who offered salutary advice. The Tyrrhenians, looking upon the folly of the general as a piece of great good fortune, came down from their camp with numbers fully twice those of their foe.
[7] ὡς δὲ συνέπεσον ἀλλήλοις, φόνος ἐγίγνετο τῶν Ῥωμαίων πολὺς οὐ δυναμένων ἐν τῇ τάξει μένειν. ἐξεώθουν γὰρ αὐτοὺς οἱ Τυρρηνοὶ τοῦ τε χωρίου τὴν φύσιν ἔχοντες σύμμαχον καὶ τῶν ἐφεστηκότων κατόπιν — ἐτάξαντο γὰρ ἐπὶ βάθος — ἐμπτώσει πολλῇ συνεργούμενοι. πεσόντων δὲ τῶν ἐπιφανεστάτων λοχαγῶν, ἡ λοιπὴ τῶν Ῥωμαίων δύναμις ἐγκλίνασα ἔφευγεν ἐπὶ τὸν χάρακα: οἱ δ᾽ ἠκολούθουν, καὶ τάς τε σημαίας αὐτῶν ἀφαιροῦνται καὶ τοὺς τραυματίας συλλαμβάνουσι [p. 316] καὶ τῶν νεκρῶν γίνονται κύριοι. καὶ
[7] When they engaged, there was a great slaughter of the Romans, who were unable to keep their ranks. For they were forced back by the Tyrrhenians, who not only had the terrain as an ally, but were also helped by the vigorous pressure of those who stood behind them, their army being drawn up with deep files. When the most prominent centurions had fallen, the rest of the Roman army gave way and fled to the camp; and the enemy pursued them, took away their standards, seized their wounded, and got possession of their dead.
[8] κατακλείσαντες αὐτοὺς εἰς πολιορκίαν καὶ δι᾽ ὅλης τῆς λοιπῆς ἡμέρας προσβολὰς ποιησάμενοι πολλὰς καὶ οὐδὲ τὴν νύκτα ἀφέντες αἱροῦσι τὸν χάρακα ἐκλιπόντων αὐτὸν τῶν ἔνδον, καὶ γίνονται πολλῶν σωμάτων τε καὶ χρημάτων ἐγκρατεῖς: οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀποσκευάσασθαι δύναμιν ἔσχον οἱ φεύγοντες, ἀλλ᾽ ἀγαπητῶς αὐτὰ τὰ σώματα διέσωσαν, οὐδὲ τὰ ὅπλα πολλοὶ φυλάττοντες.
[8] Then they shut them up in their camp and besieged them; and delivering numerous attacks during all the rest of the day, without desisting even at night, they captured the camp, which the Romans had abandoned, and took many prisoners and a great quantity of booty; for those who fled had not been able to pack up their belongings, but were glad to escape with their bare lives, many not keeping even their arms.
[1] οἱ δ᾽ ἐν τῇ Ῥώμῃ τήν τ᾽ ἀπώλειαν τῶν σφετέρων καὶ τὴν ἅλωσιν τοῦ χάρακος μαθόντες — ἧκον γὰρ οἱ πρῶτοι διασωθέντες ἐκ τῆς τροπῆς πολλῆς ἔτι νυκτὸς οὔσης — εἰς μέγαν θόρυβον ὥσπερ εἰκὸς κατέστησαν: καὶ ὡς αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα τῶν πολεμίων ἐπὶ σφᾶς ἐλευσομένων ἁρπάσαντες τὰ ὅπλα, οἱ μὲν τὰ τείχη περιεστεφάνουν, οἱ δὲ πρὸ τῶν πυλῶν ἐτάξαντο, οἱ δὲ τὰ μετέωρα τῆς πόλεως κατελαμβάνοντο.
[24.1] When those at Rome heard that their army was destroyed an
d their camp taken — the first who had saved themselves from the rout arrived while it was still deep night — they fell into great confusion, as may well be imagined; and expecting the enemy to come against them at any moment, they seized their arms and some formed a circle about the walls, others stationed themselves before the gates, and still others occupied the heights in the city.
[2] ἦν δὲ δρόμος ἄτακτος ἀνὰ τὴν πόλιν ὅλην καὶ βοὴ συμμιγής, καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς τέγεσι τῶν οἴκων εἰς ἀλκὴν καὶ ἀγῶνα εὐτρεπὴς ὁ κατοικίδιος ὄχλος, πυρσοί τε συνεχεῖς, οἷα δὴ ἐν νυκτὶ καὶ σκοταίᾳ ταύτῃ, ὑπὸ λαμπάδων καὶ ἀπὸ τεγῶν τοσοῦτοι τὸ πλῆθος ᾔροντο, ὥστε συναφὲς εἶναι δοκεῖν τοῖς πρόσωθεν ὁρῶσι τὸ
[2] There was a disorderly running to and fro throughout the entire city and a confused clamour; on the roofs of the houses were the members of each household, prepared to defend themselves and give battle; and an uninterrupted succession of torches, as it was in the night and dark, blazed through lanterns and from roofs, so many in number that to those seeing them at a distance it seemed to be one continuous blaze and gave the impression of a city on fire.
[3] σέλας καὶ δόξαν ἐμπιμπραμένης πόλεως παρασχεῖν. καὶ [p. 317] εἰ τότε οἱ Τυρρηνοὶ τῶν ἐκ τοῦ χάρακος ὠφελειῶν ὑπεριδόντες ἐκ ποδὸς τοῖς φεύγουσιν ἠκολούθησαν, ἅπασ᾽ ἂν διέφθαρτο ἡ στρατεύσασα ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς δύναμις, νῦν δὲ πρὸς ἁρπαγάς τε τῶν ἐγκαταλειφθέντων ἐν τῷ χάρακι τραπόμενοι καὶ ἀναπαύσει τὰ σώματα δόντες μεγάλου αὐχήματος ἑαυτοὺς ἐστέρησαν. τῇ δ᾽ ἑξῆς ἡμέρᾳ τὰς δυνάμεις ἄγοντες ἐπὶ τὴν Ῥώμην καὶ σταδίους ἀμφὶ τοὺς ἑκκαίδεκα ἀποσχόντες ὄρος, ἐξ οὗ σύνοπτός ἐστιν ἡ Ῥώμη, τὸ καλούμενον Ἰάνικλον, καταλαμβάνονται, ὅθεν ὁρμώμενοι τὴν Ῥωμαίων χώραν ἦγόν τε καὶ ἔφερον ἀκώλυτοι κατὰ πολλὴν τῶν ἔνδον ὑπεροψίαν, μέχρι τοῦ παραγενέσθαι τὸν ἕτερον τῶν ὑπάτων Ὁράτιον ἄγοντα τὴν ἐν Οὐολούσκοις δύναμιν.
[3] And if the Tyrrhenians at that time had scorned the booty to be got from the camp and had followed on the heels of the fleeing Romans, the whole army which had taken the field against them would have been destroyed; but as it was, by turning to plundering everything which had been left behind in the camp and to resting their bodies, they deprived themselves of a great opportunity for boasting. The next day they led their forces against Rome, and when they were about sixteen stades from the city, they occupied the mount called Janiculum, from which the city is in full view. And using that as a base of operations, they pillaged the territory of the Romans without hindrance, holding those in the city in great contempt, till the other consul, Horatius, appeared with the army which had been among the Volscians.
[4] τότε δὴ ἐν τῷ ἀσφαλεῖ Ῥωμαῖοι νομίσαντες εἶναι καὶ τὴν ἐν τῇ πόλει νεότητα καθοπλίσαντες ἐξῆλθον εἰς τὴν ὕπαιθρον. ὡς δὲ τήν τε πρώτην μάχην ἀπὸ σταδίων ὀκτὼ τῆς πόλεως ποιησάμενοι παρὰ τὸ τῆς Ἐλπίδος ἱερὸν ἐνίκησάν τε καὶ ἀπεώσαντο τοὺς ἀντιταξαμένους, καὶ μετὰ ταύτην αὖθις ἑτέρᾳ πλείονι δυνάμει τῶν Τυρρηνῶν ἐπελθόντων παρὰ ταῖς Κολλίναις καλουμέναις πύλαις ποιησάμενοι λαμπρῶς ἠγωνίσαντο, καὶ ἀνέπνευσαν ἐκ τοῦ δέους, καὶ τὸ ἔτος τοῦτ᾽ ἐτελεύτα.
[4] Then at last the Romans thought themselves safe, and arming the youth that were in the city, they took the field; and having not only in the first battle, which was fought at the distance of eight stades from the city near the temple of Hope, overcome their opponents and driven them back, but also, after that engagement, having fought brilliantly with them again near the gate called the Colline, when the Tyrrhenians had come against them with another and larger army, they recovered from their fear. Thus ended that year.
[1] τῷ δ᾽ ἑξῆς ἔτει περὶ τὰς θερινὰς μάλιστα [p. 318] τροπὰς Σεξτιλίου μηνὸς παραλαμβάνουσι τὴν ὑπατείαν ἄνδρες ἔμπειροι πολέμων Σερούιός τε Σερουίλιος καὶ Αὖλος Οὐεργίνιος, οἷς ὁ πρὸς τοὺς Τυρρηνοὺς πόλεμος καίτοι μέγας καὶ χαλεπὸς ὢν χρυσὸς ἐφαίνετο παρὰ τὸν ἐντὸς τείχους ἐξεταζόμενος. ἀσπόρου γὰρ τῆς χώρας ἐν τῷ παρελθόντι χειμῶνι διὰ τὸν ἐπιτειχισμὸν τοῦ πλησίον ὄρους καὶ τὰς συνεχεῖς καταδρομὰς γενομένης, καὶ οὐδὲ τῶν ἐμπόρων ἔτι τὰς ἔξωθεν ἐπεισαγόντων ἀγορὰς σπάνις ἰσχυρὰ σίτου τὴν Ῥώμην κατέσχε μεστὴν οὖσαν ὄχλου τοῦ τε κατοικιδίου καὶ
[25.1] The following year, about the summer solstice, in the month of August, Servius Servilius and Aulus Verginius succeeded to the consulship, both being men of experience in warfare. To them the Tyrrhenian war, though great and difficult, seemed pure gold in comparison with the conflict inside the city walls. For since the land had gone unsown the preceding winter because the enemy had fortified the adjacent hill against them and had kept up incessant raids, and since not even the merchants any longer imported the usual provisions from outside, Rome suffered from a great scarcity of corn, as the city was then crowded not only with its permanent population, but also with a multitude that had flocked thither from the country.
[2] τοῦ συνερρυηκότος ἐκ τῶν ἀγρῶν. τῶν μὲν γὰρ ἐν ἥβῃ πολιτῶν ὑπὲρ τὰς ἕνδεκα μυριάδας ἦσαν, ὡς ἐκ τῆς ἔγγιστα τιμήσεως εὑρέθη, γυναικῶν δὲ καὶ παίδων καὶ τῆς οἰκετικῆς θεραπείας ἐμπόρων τε καὶ παίδων καὶ τῆς οἰκετικῆς θεραπείας ἐμπόρων τε καὶ ἐργαζομένων τὰς βαναύσους τέχνας μετοίκων — οὐδενὶ γὰρ ἐξῆν Ῥωμαίων οὔτε κάπηλον οὔτε χειροτέχνην βίον ἔχειν — οὐκ ἔλαττον ἢ τριπλάσιον τοῦ πολιτικοῦ πλήθους: οὓς οὐκ ἦν παραμυθήσασθαι ῥᾴδιον ἀγανακτοῦντας ἐπὶ τῷ πάθει καὶ συντρέχοντας εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν καὶ καταβοῶντας τῶν ἐν τοῖς τέλεσιν, ἐπί τε τὰς οἰκίας τῶν πλουσίων κατὰ πλῆθος ὠθουμένους, καὶ διαρπάζειν ἐπιχειροῦντας ἄτερ ὠνῆς τὰς ἀποκειμένας αὐτοῖς τροφάς.
[2] For of adult citizens there were more than 110,000, as appeared by the latest census; and the number of the women, children, domestics, foreign traders and artisans who plied the menial trades — for no Roman citizen was permitted to earn a livelihood as a tradesman or artisan — was not less than treble the number of the citizens. This multitude was not easy to placate; for they were exasperated at their misfortune, and gathering together in the Forum, clamoured against the magistrates, rushed in a body to the houses of the rich and endeavoured to seize without payment the provisions that were stored up by them.
[3] οἱ
δὲ δήμαρχοι συνάγοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς ἐκκλησίαν καὶ κατηγοροῦντες τῶν πατρικίων ὡς αἰεί τι κακὸν [p. 319] ἐπὶ τοῖς πένησι μηχανωμένων, καὶ πάνθ᾽, ὅσα πώποτε δεινὰ συνέβη κατὰ τὴν ἀτέκμαρτόν τε καὶ ἀφύλακτον ἀνθρώποις τύχην, ἐκείνων ἔργα λέγοντες,
[3] In the meantime the tribunes assembled the people, and by accusing the patricians of always contriving some mischief against the poor, and calling them the authors of all the evils which had ever happened at the caprice of Fortune, whose whims men can neither foresee nor guard against, they inspired them with insolence and bitter resentment.
[4] ὑβριστὰς εἶναι πικροὺς ἐξειργάσαντο. τοιούτοις συνεχόμενοι κακοῖς οἱ ὕπατοι πέμπουσι τοὺς συνωνησομένους σῖτον ἐκ τῶν σύνεγγυς τόπων μετὰ πολλῶν χρημάτων, καὶ τὸν ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις ἔταξαν εἰς τὸ δημόσιον ἀναφέρειν τοὺς εἰς τὸν ἑαυτῶν βίον πλείονα τοῦ μετρίου παραθεμένους, τιμὴν ὁρίσαντες ἀποχρῶσαν. ταῦτα δὴ καὶ ἄλλα πολλὰ μηχανώμενοι τοιαῦτα ἐπέσχον τῶν πενήτων τὰς παρανομίας καὶ ἀναστροφὴν ἔλαβον τῆς εἰς τὸν πόλεμον παρασκευῆς.
Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79) Page 642