In Defense of Food

In Defense of Food Page 23

by Michael Pollan

  Ten­ber­gen, Kla­us. “Do­ugh and Bre­ad Con­di­ti­oners.” Fo­od Pro­duct De­sign-Cu­li­nary Con­nec­ti­on. Ac­ces­sed on­li­ne August 1, 2007 at http://www.fo­odp­ro­duct­de­sign.com/archi­ve/1999/1199cc.html.

  U.S. FDA. Qu­ali­fi­ed He­alth Cla­ims: Let­ter of En­for­ce­ment Disc­re­ti­on-Corn Oil and Oil-Con­ta­ining Pro­ducts and a Re­du­ced Risk of He­art Di­se­ase (Doc­ket No. 2006 P-0243). Ac­ces­sed on­li­ne July 21, 2007 at http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/qhccor­no.html.

  U.S. FDA. Let­ter res­pon­ding to he­alth cla­im pe­ti­ti­on da­ted August 28, 2003: Mo­no­un­sa­tu­ra­ted Fatty Acids from Oli­ve Oil and Co­ro­nary He­art Di­se­ase (Doc­ket No. 2003 Q-0559). Ac­ces­sed on­li­ne July 21, 2007 at http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/qhco­li­ve.html.

  War­ner, Me­la­nie. “Sci­en­ce’s Qu­est to Ba­nish Fat in Tasty Ways.” New York Ti­mes (August 11, 2005).

  2. Mostly Plants: On plant-ba­sed di­ets and me­at eating:

  Appel, Law­ren­ce J. “A Cli­ni­cal Tri­al of the Ef­fects of Di­etary Pat­terns on Blo­od Pres­su­re.” New Eng­land Jo­ur­nal of Me­di­ci­ne. 336.16 (1997): 1117-24.

  Camp­bell, T. Co­lin, and Tho­mas M. Camp­bell II. The Chi­na Study (Dal­las: Ben­Bel­la Bo­oks, Inc., 2006).

  Cho, Eun­yo­ung, Sc.D., et al. “Red Me­at In­ta­ke and Risk of Bre­ast Can­cer Among Post­me­no­pa­usal Wo­men.” Ar­c­hi­ves of In­ter­nal Me­di­ci­ne. 166 (2006): 2253-59.

  Gard­ner, Chris­top­her D. “The Ef­fect of a Plant-Ba­sed Di­et on Plas­ma

  Li­pids in Hyperc­ho­les­te­ro­le­mic Adults.” An­nals of In­ter­nal Me­di­ci­ne. 142 (2005): 725-33.

  Gre­ene, Kelly. “Aging Well: How to Eat Me­at and Still Fe­el as He­althy as a Ve­ge­ta­ri­an.” Wall Stre­et Jo­ur­nal (Octo­ber 21, 2006).

  He­ber, Da­vid. What Co­lor Is Yo­ur Di­et? (New York: Re­gan­Bo­oks, 2001). Ex­cel­lent dis­cus­si­on of an­ti­oxi­dants and the be­ne­fits of a plant-ba­sed di­et.

  Hu, Frank B., et al. “Fre­qu­ent Nut Con­sump­ti­on and Risk of Co­ro nary He­art Di­se­ase in Wo­men: Pros­pec­ti­ve Co­hort Study.” Bri­tish Me­di­cal Jo­ur­nal. 317 (1998): 1341-45.

  Hu, Frank B. “Plant-Ba­sed Fo­ods and Pre­ven­ti­on of Car­di­ovas­cu­lar Di­se­ase: An Over­vi­ew. Ame­ri­can Jo­ur­nal of Cli­ni­cal Nut­ri­ti­on. 78 suppl (2003): 544S-51S.

  Jacobs, Da­vid R., and Lyn M. Stef­fen. “Nut­ri­ents, Fo­ods, and Di­etary Pat­terns as Ex­po­su­res in Re­se­arch: A Fra­me­work for Fo­od Synergy.” Ame­ri­can Jo­ur­nal of Cli­ni­cal Nut­ri­ti­on. 78.3 (2003): 508S-13S.

  Jacob­son, Mic­ha­el F., and the staff of the Cen­ter for Sci­en­ce in the Pub­lic In­te­rest. Six Ar­gu­ments for a Gre­ener Di­et: How a Mo­re Plant-Ba­sed Di­et Co­uld Sa­ve Yo­ur He­alth and the En­vi­ron­ment (Was­hing­ton, D.C.: Cen­ter for Sci­en­ce in the Pub­lic In­te­rest, 2006).

  Key, Ti­mothy J. A., et al. “Di­etary Ha­bits and Mor­ta­lity in 11,000 Ve­ge­ta­ri­ans and He­alth Cons­ci­o­us Pe­op­le: Re­sults of a 17-Ye­ar Fol­low-up.” Bri­tish Me­di­cal Jo­ur­nal. 313 (1996): 775-79.

  Key, Ti­mothy J., et al. “He­alth Ef­fects of Ve­ge­ta­ri­an and Ve­gan Di­ets.” Pro­ce­edings of the Nut­ri­ti­on So­ci­ety. 65 (2006): 35-41.

  Le­itz­mann, Cla­us. “Nut­ri­ti­on Eco­logy: The Cont­ri­bu­ti­on of Ve­ge­ta­ri­an Di­ets.” Ame­ri­can Jo­ur­nal of Cli­ni­cal Nut­ri­ti­on. 78 suppl (2003): 657S-59S.

  Newby, P.K., et al. “Risk of Over­we­ight and Obe­sity Among Se­mi-ve­ge­ta­ri­an, Lac­to­ve­ge­ta­ri­an, and Ve­gan Wo­men.” Ame­ri­can Jo­ur­nal of Cli­ni­cal Nut­ri­ti­on. 81 (2005): 1267-74.

  Ste­in­feld, Hen­ning, et al. Li­ves­tock’s Long Sha­dow: En­vi­ron­men­tal Is­su­es and Op­ti­ons. A re­port pub­lis­hed by the Fo­od and Ag­ri­cul­tu­re Or­ga­ni­za­ti­on of the Uni­ted Na­ti­ons (Ro­me: FAO, 2006). Ava­ilab­le on­li­ne at http://www.vir­tu­al­cent­re.org/en/lib­rary/key pub/longs­had/A0701E00.htm.

  Wil­lett, Wal­ter C. “Di­et and He­alth: What Sho­uld We Eat?” Sci­en­ce. 264.5158 (1994): 532-37.

  3. Not Too Much: On Eating ha­bits, fo­od cul­tu­re, and he­alth

  Berry, Wen­dell. “The Ple­asu­res of Eating,” in What Are Pe­op­le For? (New York: North Po­int Press, 1990).

  --. “The Re­ac­tor and the Gar­den,” in The Gift of Go­od Land (San Fran­cis­co: North Po­int Press, 1981). On the po­li­ti­cal sig­ni­fi­can­ce of gar­de­ning.

  Bril­lat-Sa­va­rin, Je­an-Anthel­me. The Physi­ology of Tas­te. Trans­la­ted by An­ne Dray­ton (Lon­don: Pen­gu­in, 1994).

  Cut­ler, Da­vid M., et al. “Why Ha­ve Ame­ri­cans Be­co­me Mo­re Obe­se?” Jo­ur­nal of Eco­no­mic Per­s­pec­ti­ves. 17.3 (2003): 93-118.

  Ge­i­er, And­rew B., and Pa­ul Ro­zin, et al. “Unit Bi­as: A New He­uris­tic That Helps Exp­la­in the Ef­fect of Por­ti­on Si­ze on Fo­od In­ta­ke.” Psycho­lo­gi­cal Sci­en­ce. 17.6 (2006): 521-25.

  Hart­man, Har­vey, and Jar­rett Pasc­hel. “Unders­tan­ding Obe­sity: Prac­ti­cal Sug­ges­ti­ons for the Obe­sity Cri­sis” (Bel­le­vue, WA: The Hart­man Gro­up, Inc., 2006).

  Katz, San­dor El­lix. The Re­vo­lu­ti­on Will Not Be Mic­ro­wa­ved (Whi­te Ri­ver Junc­ti­on, VT: Chel­sea Gre­en, 2007).

  Mon­ta­na­ri, Mas­si­mo. Fo­od Is Cul­tu­re (New York: Co­lum­bia Uni­ver­sity Press, 2006).

  Pet­ri­ni, Car­lo. Slow Fo­od Na­ti­on (New York: Riz­zo­li Ex Lib­ris, 2007). For mo­re on the Slow Fo­od mo­ve­ment, see its Web si­te: www.Slow­fo­od.com.

  --. “Ter­ra Mad­re Ope­ning Spe­ech.” Tu­rin, Italy. Oc­to­ber 20, 2004.

  Pol­lan, Mic­ha­el. “Cru­ising on the Ark of Tas­te.” Mot­her Jones (May, 2003).

  Ro­zin, Pa­ul, et al. “The Eco­logy of Eating: Smal­ler Por­ti­on Si­zes in Fran­ce Than in the Uni­ted Sta­tes Help Exp­la­in the French Pa­ra­dox.” Psycho­lo­gi­cal Sci­en­ce. 14.5 (2003): 450-54.

  --, et al. “Fo­od and Li­fe, Ple­asu­re and Worry, Among Ame­ri­can Col­le­ge Stu­dents: Gen­der Dif­fe­ren­ces and Re­gi­onal Si­mi­la­ri­ti­es.” Jo­ur­nal of Per­so­na­lity and So­ci­al Psycho­logy. 85.1 (2003): 132-41.

  Wan­sink, Bri­an. Min­d­less Eating: Why We Eat Mo­re Than We Think (New York: Ban­tam Bo­oks, 2006).

  On ca­lo­rie rest­ric­ti­on:

  Ci­vi­ta­re­se, Ant­hony E. “Ca­lo­rie Rest­ric­ti­on Inc­re­ases Musc­le Mi­toc­hond­ri­al Bi­oge­ne­sis in He­althy Hu­mans.” Pub­lic Lib­rary of Sci­en­ce. 4.3 (2007): 0485-94.

  “Eat Yo­ur Ca­ke and Ha­ve It” (New York: Na­tu­re Pub­lis­hing Gro­up, 2006).

  Fon­ta­na, Lu­igi. “Exces­si­ve Adi­po­sity, Ca­lo­rie Rest­ric­ti­on, and Aging.” Jo­ur­nal of the Ame­ri­can Me­di­cal As­so­ci­ati­on. 295.13 (2006): 1577-78.

  He­ilb­ronn, Le­onie K., et al. “Effect of 6-Month Ca­lo­rie Rest­ric­ti­on on Bi­omar­kers of Lon­ge­vity, Me­ta­bo­lic Adap­ta­ti­on, and Oxi­da­ti­ve Stress in Over­we­ight In­di­vi­du­als.” Jo­ur­nal of the Ame­ri­can Me­di­cal As­so­ci­ati­on. 295.13 (2006): 1539-48.

  Me­yer, Ti­mothy E., et al. “Long-Term Ca­lo­ric Rest­ric­ti­on Ame­li­ora­tes the Dec­li­ne in Di­as­to­lic Func­ti­on in Hu­mans.” Jo­ur­nal of the Ame­ri­can Col­le­ge of Car­di­ology. 47.2 (2006): 398-402.

  Se­lig­man, Kat­he­ri­ne. “Iron Will.” San Fran­cis­co Chro­nic­le (Sep­tem­ber 2, 2007).

  On drin­king and the French pa­ra­dox:

  Cri­qui, M.H., and Bren­da L. Rin­gel. “Do­es Di­et or Al­co­hol Exp­la­in the French Pa­ra­dox?” The Lan­cet. 344 (1994): 8939-40.

  Drew­nows­ki, Adam, et al. “Di­et Qu­ality and Di­etary Di­ver­sity in Fran­ce: Imp­li­ca­ti­ons for the French Pa
­ra­dox.” Jo­ur­nal of the Ame­ri­can Di­ete­tic As­so­ci­ati­on. 96.7 (1996): 663-69.

  Fer­ri­eres, Je­an. “The French Pa­ra­dox: Les­sons for Ot­her Co­unt­ri­es.” He­art. 90 (2004): 107-11.

  Fuchs, Fla­vio D. “Vas­cu­lar Ef­fects of Al­co­ho­lic Be­ve­ra­ges: Is It Only Al­co­hol That Mat­ters?” Hyper­ten­si­on. 45 (2005): 851-52.

  Mu­ka­mal, Ken­neth J., et al. “Ro­les of Drin­king Pat­tern and Type of Al­co­hol Con­su­med in Co­ro­nary He­art Di­se­ase in Men.” New Eng­land Jo­ur­nal of Me­di­ci­ne. 348.2 (2003): 109-18.

  Opie, Li­onel H., and Sand­ri­ne Le­co­ur. “The Red Wi­ne Hypot­he­sis: From Con­cepts to Pro­tec­ti­ve Sig­nal­ling Mo­le­cu­les.” Euro­pe­an He­art Jo­ur­nal. 28 (2007): 1683-93.

  Re­na­ud, S., and M. de Lor­ge­ril. “Wi­ne, Al­co­hol, Pla­te­lets, and the French Pa­ra­dox for Co­ro­nary He­art Di­se­ase.” The Lan­cet. 339.8808 (1992): 1523-26.

  Rimm, E. “Com­men­tary: Al­co­hol and Co­ro­nary He­art Di­se­ase-La­ying the Fo­un­da­ti­on for Fu­tu­re Work.” In­ter­na­ti­onal Jo­ur­nal of Epi­de­mi­ology. 30 (2001): 738-39.

  Vo­la­ti­er, Je­an-Luc, and Phi­lip­pe Ver­ger. “Re­cent Na­ti­onal French Fo­od and Nut­ri­ent In­ta­ke Da­ta.” Bri­tish Jo­ur­nal of Nut­ri­ti­on. 81.S2 (1999): 57-59.

  Zu­ger, Abi­ga­il. “The Ca­se for Drin­king (All To­get­her Now: In Mo­de­ra­ti­on!).” New York Ti­mes (De­cem­ber 31, 2002).

  --. “How a To­nic Ke­eps the Parts Well Oiled.” New York Ti­mes (De­cem­ber 31, 2002).

  RESOURCES

  A se­lec­ti­on of re­so­ur­ces for fin­ding re­al fo­od and eating lo­cal­ly:

  PRINT

  Dam­rosch, Bar­ba­ra. The Gar­den Pri­mer: Se­cond Edi­ti­on (New York: Work­man, 2008).

  Edib­le Com­mu­ni­ti­es. A net­work of ex­cel­lent lo­cal ma­ga­zi­nes on lo­cal fo­od. For mo­re in­for­ma­ti­on: www.edib­le­com­mu­ni­ti­es.com.

  Gus­sow, Jo­an Dye. This Or­ga­nic Li­fe: Con­fes­si­ons of a Su­bur­ban Ho­mes­te­ader (Whi­te Ri­ver Junc­ti­on, VT: Chel­sea Gre­en, 2001).

  Je­avons, John. How to Grow Mo­re Ve­ge­tab­les (Ber­ke­ley: Ten Spe­ed Press, 2006).

  King­sol­ver, Bar­ba­ra, et al. Ani­mal, Ve­ge­tab­le, Mi­rac­le: A Ye­ar of Fo­od Li­fe (New York: Har­per­Col­lins, 2007).

  McKib­ben, Bill. De­ep Eco­nomy: The We­alth of Com­mu­ni­ti­es and the Du­rab­le Fu­tu­re (New York: Henry Holt and Com­pany, LLC, 2007).

  Ma­di­son, De­bo­rah. Lo­cal Fla­vors: Co­oking and Eating from Ame­ri­ca’s Far­mer’s Mar­kets (New York: Bro­ad­way Bo­oks, 2002).

  Nab­han, Gary Pa­ul. Co­ming Ho­me to Eat: The Ple­asu­res and Po­li­tics of Lo­cal Fo­ods (New York: W. W. Nor­ton, 2002).

  Pe­ter­son, John, and An­ge­lic Or­ga­nics. Far­mer John’s Co­ok­bo­ok: The Re­al Dirt on Ve­ge­tab­les (Salt La­ke City: Gibbs Smith, Pub­lis­her, 2006).

  Sa­la­tin, Jo­el. Holy Cows and Hog He­aven: The Fo­od Bu­yer’s Gu­ide to Farm-Fresh Fo­od (Swo­ope, VA: Poly­fa­ce, 2006).

  WEB

  Cen­ter for In­for­med Fo­od Cho­ices (www.infor­me­de­ating.org) ad­vo­ca­tes for a di­et ba­sed on who­le, unp­ro­ces­sed, lo­cal, or­ga­ni­cal­ly grown plant fo­ods; the­ir Web si­te con­ta­ins a use­ful FAQ pa­ge abo­ut fo­od po­li­tics and eating well in ad­di­ti­on to an arc­hi­ve of re­le­vant ar­tic­les.

  Eat Lo­cal Chal­len­ge (www.eat­lo­calc­hal­len­ge.com) of­fers re­so­ur­ces and en­co­ura­ge­ment for pe­op­le trying to eat lo­cal­ly.

  Eat Well (www.eat­wel­lgu­ide.com) is an on­li­ne di­rec­tory of sus­ta­inably ra­ised me­at, po­ultry, da­iry, and eggs. En­ter yo­ur zip co­de to find he­alth­ful, hu­ma­ne, and ecof­ri­endly pro­ducts from farms, sto­res, and res­ta­urants in yo­ur area.

  Eat Wild (www.eat­wild.com) lists lo­cal sup­pli­ers for grass-fed me­at and da­iry pro­ducts.

  Fo­od Ro­utes (www.fo­od­ro­utes.org) is a na­ti­onal nonp­ro­fit de­di­ca­ted to “re­int­ro­du­cing Ame­ri­cans to the­ir fo­od-the se­eds it grows from, the far­mers who pro­du­ce it, and the ro­utes that carry it from the fi­elds to our tab­les.”

  Lo­cal Har­vest (www.lo­cal­har­vest.com) helps you con­nect with lo­cal far­mers, CSAs, and far­mers’ mar­kets.

  Wes­ton A. Pri­ce Fo­un­da­ti­on (www.wes­to­nap­ri­ce.org) is an arc­hi­ve of in­for­ma­ti­on on the sorts of tra­di­ti­onal who­le-fo­od di­ets ad­vo­ca­ted by Wes­ton A. Pri­ce. Lo­cal chap­ters are go­od re­so­ur­ces on whe­re to find so­me of the best pas­tu­red ani­mal fo­ods.

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