Defiant: The POWs Who Endured Vietnam's Most Infamous Prison, the Women Who Fought for Them, and the One Who Never Returned

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Defiant: The POWs Who Endured Vietnam's Most Infamous Prison, the Women Who Fought for Them, and the One Who Never Returned Page 47

by Alvin Townley


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  Johnson, Sam. “A Conversation with an American Hero.” Interview by Air Force Association. September 25, 2007.

  Johnson, Sam, and Jan Winebrenner. Captive Warriors: A Vietnam POW’s Story. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1992.

  Joint Task Force—Full Accounting. “Debrief Extract, J2 1771, Ser: 185,” Camp H. M. Smith, Hawaii, 1992. http://www.pownetwork.org/bios/s/s121.htm (accessed May 25, 2013).

  Karnow, Stanley. Vietnam: A History. New York: Penguin, 1983.

  Kiley, Frederick, and Stuart I. Rochester. Honor Bound: American Prisoners of War in Southeast Asia. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1999.

  Kimberlin, Joanne. “Our POWs.” Virginian-Pilot, November 11, 2008.

  Kraemer, Sven, and Marshall Wright. Presidential Decisions: The Gulf of Tonkin Attacks of August 1964. Washington, DC: Vietnam Information Group/Department of Defense, 1968. http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/gulf_of_tonkin/chrono/rel2_wright_kraemer.pdf (accessed July 28, 2012).

  Laird, Melvin R. “Statement by Secretary of Defense Melvin R. Laird.” Washington, DC: Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs), May 19, 1969.

  Mather, Paul. Interview by Alvin Townley. June 22, 2012.

  McCain, John, with Mark Salter. Faith of My Fathers. New York: Perennial, 1999.

  McDaniel, Eugene B. Scars and Stripes: The True Story of One Man’s Courage in Facing Death as a Vietnam POW. Alexandria, VA: American Defense Institute, 1981.

  McGrath, Michael. Mac’s Facts 01—The Big Rooms—Camp Unity. Colorado Springs, CO: NAMPOW, 2012.

  ______. Mac’s Facts 46—B52 Combat Losses/Operational Losses in Vietnam. Colorado Springs, CO: NAMPOW.

  ______. U.S. POWs in North Vietnam. Colorado Springs, CO: NAMPOW.

  McKnight, George. Letter to Monica and Mark Storz, January 18, 1985.

  McNamara, Robert S. In Retrospect. New York: Random House, 1995.

  MilitarySong. “There Are No Fighter Pilots Down in Hell” Air Force Drinking Song. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtQQz8QcSiI (accessed March 6, 2012).

  Moise, Edwin E. Tonkin Gulf and the Escalation of the Vietnam War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.

  Mulligan, James A., Jr. The Hanoi Commitment. Virginia Beach, VA: James A. Mulligan, 1981.

  Mulligan, James A., et al. “Harry T. Jenkins.” The Brown Shoes. http://thebrownshoes.org/AcrobatPDF/JENKINS,%20HARRY%20T.%20JR.%20%20%201-47.pdf (accessed June 3, 2012).

  National Archives. Records of the Central Intelligence Agency (263.2589). CDR Jeremiah A. Denton, Jr.—Report from Inside a Hanoi Prison, 1966. Hanoi, May 2, 1966.

  National Archives. Statistical Information About Fatal Casualties of the Vietnam War. http://www.archives.gov/research/military/vietnam-war/casualty-statistics.html#year (accessed August 17, 2012).

  National Museum of the U.S. Air Force. Rescue Attempt: The Son Tay Raid. March 24, 2011. http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=14410 (accessed August 22, 2012).

  Naval Historical Center. A-6E Intruder. http://www.history.navy.mil/planes/a6.htm (accessed July 17, 2012).

  Nelson, Valerie J. “Newt Heisley Dies at Age 88; Veteran Designed POW/MIA Flag.” Los Angeles Times, May 20, 2009.

  Nixon, Richard. “Address to the Nation on the War in Vietnam,” November 3, 1969. University of California, Santa Barbara. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=2303 (accessed March 21, 2013).

  ______. “Nixon’s ‘Peace with Honor’ broadcast on Vietnam.” January 23, 1973. Watergate.info. http://watergate.info/1973/01/23/nixon-peace-with-honor-broadcast.html (accessed August 17, 2012).

  ______. “A Pledge from the President.” White House press release, December 26, 1970.

  ______. “Remarks Following a Meeting with Wives and Mothers of Prisoners of War and Servicemen Missing in Action in Vietnam.” December 12, 1969. University of California, Santa Barbara. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=2368 (accessed September 28, 2012).

  Nguyen, Lien-Hang T. Hanoi’s War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012. Kindle Edition.

  PBS. “History of the USS Enterprise.” Frontline. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/navy/enterprise/enterprise2.html (accessed June 4, 2012).

  Pepper, Thomas. “1st POWs leave Hanoi on US plane.” Baltimore Sun, February 12, 1973, A1.

  Powers, Francis Gary. Francis Gary Powers Makes Final Plea Before Moscow Court. May 1, 1960. http://www.history.com/speeches (accessed July 21, 2012).

  “POWs Come Home,” Time, February 26, 1973: 13–20.

  Prisoners of Hope. Directed by Bernie Hargis. 2001.

  Return with Honor. Directed by Freida Lee Mock and Terry Sanders. 2004.

  Reuters. “Pilot Captured by Hanoi Supports U.S. Policy.” Washington Post, May 8, 1966, A18.

  Risner, Robinson. The Passing of the Night: My Seven Years as a Prisoner of the North Vietnamese. Old Saybrook, CT: Konecky & Konecky, 1973.

  Rizor, Randy F., MD. Interview by Alvin Townley. September 15, 2012.

  Robbins, Mark. History of VA-95 Green Lizards. http://95thallweatherattack.com/va95-history/va95-history-1952-1970.html (accessed July 6, 2012).

  Rochester, Stuart I. The Battle Behind Bars: Navy and Marine POWs in the Vietnam War. Washington, DC: Department of the Navy, 2010.

  Rubel, Robert. “The
U.S. Navy’s Transition to Jets.” Naval War College Review, Spring 2010, 49–59.

  Rutledge, Howard, and Phyllis Rutledge. In the Presence of Mine Enemies. Old Tappan, NJ: Spire Books, 1973.

  Sauvageot, Andre. Interview by Alvin Townley. December 10, 2011.

  Schemmer, Benjamin F. The Raid. New York: Avon, 1976.

  Shaffer, Ron. “Admiral Denton Decorated: Ex-POW Used His Eyelids to Signal ‘Torture.’” Washington Post, November 20, 1974, C1.

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  Sterner, Douglas. The POW/MIA Flag. http://www.homeofheroes.com/hallofheroes/1st_floor/flag/1bfb_disp9c.html (accessed June 26, 20112).

  Stockdale, James B. “Captain Harry Tarleton Jenkins Jr. USN (ret.) Dies in Plane Crash in Arizona.” Coronado Eagle, August 15, 1995, 1.

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  Thorsness, Leo K. Surviving Hell: A POW’s Journey. New York: Encounter Books, 2008. Kindle edition.

  Tín, Bùi. From Enemy to Friend: A North Vietnamese Perspective on the War. Annapolis, MD: U.S. Naval Institute, 2002.

  U.S. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–68, Volume XXVII, Document 53. https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/vietnam/lbjbundy.htm.

  U.S. House of Representatives. “Hearing on Servicemen Captured and Missing in Southeast Asia.” Washington, DC, April 29, 1970.

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  Viên, Phóng. “American Air Power Under the Eyes of the Victorious People of Hanoi.” People’s Army Newspaper, July 7, 1966, 1, 4.

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  Watt, Barbara Powers, ed. We Came Home. Toluca Lake, CA: POW Publications, 1977.

  Willbanks, James. “Shock and Awe of Tet Offensive Shattered U.S. Illusions.” U.S. News & World Report, January 29, 2009.

  Winchy, Eugene G. Tonkin Gulf. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971.

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  Woods, Mark. “A Symbol Made for Memories.” Florida Times-Union, August 9, 2009.

  Young, Stephen. “How Hanoi Won the War.” Wall Street Journal, August 3, 1995.

  PHOTO CREDITS

  Bob Shumaker, courtesy of the Shumaker family.

  Hỏa Lò Prison, courtesy of DPMO.

  Jane Denton, courtesy of the Denton family.

  Harry Jenkins, Jenkins family collection.

  Jerry Denton, courtesy of DPMO.

  Sam Johnson, Office of Congressman Sam Johnson.

  The Hanoi March, courtesy of DPMO.

  George McKnight, McKnight family collection.

  Nels Tanner, courtesy of DPMO.

  Sybil Stockdale and children, Stockdale family collection.

  Howie Rutledge, courtesy of Sondra Rutledge Hamelin.

  George Coker, courtesy of DPMO.

  Alcatraz, courtesy of DPMO.

  Jim Mulligan, Mulligan family collection.

  Ron Storz, courtesy of Monica Storz.

  Jim Stockdale, courtesy of DPMO.

  White House press conference, from the holdings of the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum.

  Louise Mulligan, reprint courtesy of Air Force magazine.

  Gia Lâm airport, Mulligan family collection.

  Jerry and Jane Denton, courtesy of the Denton family.

  Shumaker homecoming, U-T San Diego.

  Stockdale homecoming, U-T San Diego.

  INDEX

  The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your e-book. Please use the search function on your e-reading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.

  Adams, Eddie

  Adventures of Superman (TV series)

  AFLQV (American Football League Quid Victorious)

  Agnew, Spiro

  Aiken, George

  Air (stay off the air)

  Air Force Thunderbirds

  Alcatraz

  communications among POWs

  daily life

  Frenchy assumes command

  hunger strikes and riot

  Lê Duẩn and change in treatment

  map

  Mickey Mouse’s arrival at

  POW’s arrival

  POWs transfer out

  summer heat of 1968

  Alvarez, Everett, Jr.

  capture of

  at Cu Loc (the Zoo)

  at Hanoi Hilton

  Hanoi March and

  release

  American Civil War

  American Red Cross

  Anacostia Naval Air Station

  Andersonville prison

  Annin Flagmakers

  Antiwar movement

  Apollo 13

  Arlington National Cemetery

  Army Special Forces (Green Berets)

  Arnold, Gala

  Attack Squadron 75 (Sunday Punchers)

  Attack Squadron 163 (the Saints)

  Atterberry, Ed

  BACK US directives

  Baldwin, Bob

  Barrymore, Lionel

  Bates, Carol

  Ben Casey (TV series)

  Big Ugh (interrogator)

  Black, Cole

  Blue Book Purge of 1969

  “Bob and Ed Show”

  Boh, Roger

  Boroughs, Bob

  Boston Pops

  Bow (Don’t bow in public)

  Boyd, Chuck

  Bracelets, POW/MIA

  Briar Patch

  Bruce, David

  Brumel, Valeriy

  Bug (guard)

  Church Riot and

  Denton and

  Mulligan and

  Rutledge and

  Stockdale and

  Butler, Karen

  Butler, Phil

  Butterfield, Alexander

  Byrd, Richard E.

  Cambodia

  Camp Authority

  Make Your Choice campaign

  Camp Faith

  Camp Holloway

  Camp Unity (Room Seven)

  Church Riot (February 7, 1971)

  church services

  end of war

  university in

  Canberra, USS (cruiser)

  Capen, Richard G.

  Carter, J
immy

  Castro, Fidel

  Cat (prison commandant; Nguyễn Văn Bài)

  Denton and

  Johnson and

  Mulligan and

  Stockdale and

  Tanner and Terry confession

  CBS Morning News (TV show)

  Chapman, Harlan “Baldy”

  Chesley, Larry

  Chiang Kai-shek

  Chihuahua (officer)

  China

  “Christmas Bombing” campaign (1972)

  Church Riot (February 7, 1971)

  Clark Air Base

  “Clown suits”

  Code of Conduct for Members of the Armed Forces of the United States

  Coffee, Jerry

  Coker, George

  at Alcatraz

  background of

  escape attempt of

  at Hanoi Hilton

  homecoming of

  postwar update

  release from Hanoi Hilton

  religious faith of

  torture of

  at Yên Phú (Dirty Bird)

  Coker, John

  Coker, Pam Easton

  Combat Air Patrol (CAP)

  Committee of Liaison with Families of Servicemen Detained in North Vietnam (COLIAFAM)

  Congo, Democratic Republic of

  Conrad, Joseph

  Constellation, USS (supercarrier)

  Copley News Service

  Coral Sea, USS (aircraft carrier)

  “Cremation of Sam McGee, The” (Robert Service)

  Crime (Admit no crimes)

  Cronkite, Walter

  Cuban Missile Crisis

  Cu Loc (the Zoo)

  “Damned Two”

  Đà Nẵng

  Darkness at Noon (Koestler)

  Davis, Ed “Red Dog”

  Day, Bud

  Death benefits

  Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office

  Denton, Bill

  Denton, Don

  Denton, Jane Maury

  husband’s homecoming

  husband’s POW status

  husband’s televised interview

  POW/MIA advocacy

  Denton, Jeremiah “Jerry”

  aboard Independence

  air crash of

  at Alcatraz

  background of

  communications among POWs

  at Cu Loc (the Zoo)

  forced confessions of

  at Hanoi Hilton

  Hanoi March and

  homecoming of

  interrogations of

  leadership of

  postwar update

 

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