The Railways

  Perryman: A. C. Perryman, Life at Brighton Loco Works (1972)

  Pettigrew: Terence Pettigrew, Trevor Howard: A Personal Biography (2001)

  Pevsner et al.: Nikolaus Pevsner, John Harris and Nicholas Antram, The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire (1989)

  PIP: Penny Illustrated Paper

  PMG: Pall Mall Gazette

  Powers 1: Alan Powers, ‘Conservation: The Heroic Period’, Twentieth Century Architecture 7 (2004), 9–18

  Powers 2: Alan Powers, Front Cover (2001)

  Priestley: J. B. Priestley, English Journey (1934)

  Pritchard: Arthur J. Pritchard, Historical Notes on the Railways of South East Monmouthshire (1962)

  Pryor: Francis Pryor, The Making of the British Landscape (2010)

  Quick: M. E. Quick, The Wrong Sort of Fish Oil: The Trials, Tribulations (and Triumphs) of the Early Railway Passenger (2012)

  Quinn: Tom Quinn, Tales of the Old Railwaymen (1998)

  Rackham: Oliver Rackham, Trees and Woodland in the British Landscape (2001)

  Ransom: P. J. G. Ransom, The Victorian Railway and How it Evolved (1990)

  Ransome-Wallis: Patrick Ransome-Wallis, Men of the Footplate (1954)

  Rappaport: Helen Rappaport, Queen Victoria: A Biographical Companion (2003)

  Raven: James Raven, The Business of Books (2007)

  Reading: S. J. Reading, The Derwent Valley Light Railway (1967)

  Redford and Chaloner: Arthur Redford and W. H. Chaloner (eds), Labour Migration in England, 1800–1850 (1976)

  Reynolds: Michael Reynolds, Engine-Driving Life (1881)

  RHR: The Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain (1960–89)

  Richards: J. M. Richards, Memoirs of an Unjust Fella (1980)

  Richards and Mackenzie: Jeffrey Richards and John M. Mackenzie, The Railway Station: A Social History (1986)

  Richter: Amy G. Richter, Home on the Rails: Women, the Railroad, and the Rise of Public Domesticity (2005)

  Riley: R. C. Riley, Great Western Album (1966)

  RM: Railway Magazine

  RMM: Railway Magazine Miscellany, 1897–1919, ed. Henry Maxwell (1958)

  Robbins 1: Michael Robbins, ‘The Missing Doctor: An “If” of Victorian History’, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 90 (Mar. 1997), 163–5

  Robbins 2: Michael Robbins, The North London Railway (1953)

  Robbins 3: Michael Robbins, Points and Signals: A Railway Historian at Work (1967)

  Robertson: Kevin Robertson, Britain’s Railways in Wartime (2008)

  Robinson: Henry Crabb Robinson, Diary, Reminiscences and Correspondence (1869)

  Roden: Andrew Roden, Great Western Railway: A History

  Rolt 1: L. T. C. Rolt, George and Robert Stephenson: The Railway Revolution (1978)

  Rolt 2: L. T. C. Rolt, Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1970)

  Rolt 3: L. T. C. Rolt, Railway Adventure (1962)

  Rolt 4: L. T. C. Rolt, Red for Danger (1966)

  Rooney and Pye: David Rooney and James Pye, ‘“Greenwich Observatory Time for the public benefit”: Standard Time and Victorian Networks of Regulation’, British Journal for the History of Science 42/1 (152), Mar. 2009, 5–30

  Ross: David Ross, The Highland Railway (2005)

  Rowbotham: Sheila Rowbotham, Edward Carpenter (2008)

  RTHB: [Edward Shelton], The Railway Traveller’s Handy Book (1862; ed. Jack Simmons, 1971)

  Rush and Price: R. W. Rush and M. Price, The Garstang & Knott End Railway (1964)

  Ruskin 1: John Ruskin, Fors Clavigera (1871)

  Ruskin 2: John Ruskin, Modern Painters (1856)

  Ruskin 3: John Ruskin, The Seven Lamps of Architecture (1849)

  Ruskin 4: John Ruskin, The Stones of Venice (1853)

  Saint: Andrew Saint, Architect and Engineer (2007)

  Sala: G. A. Sala, Twice Around the Clock (1859)

  Schivelbusch: Wolfgang Schivelbusch, The Railway Journey: Trains and Travel in the 19th Century (1979)

  Scott, G. G.: George Gilbert Scott, Personal and Professional Recollections, ed. Gavin Stamp (1995)

  Scott, J. W. R.: J. W. Robertson Scott: The Day before Yesterday (1951)

  Sellwood and Sellwood: Arthur and Mary Sellwood, The Victorian Railway Murders (1979)

  Semmens: Peter Semmens, A History of the Great Western Railway (1985)

  Shannon: Richard Shannon, Gladstone: God and Politics (2007)

  Sidney: Samuel Sidney, Rides on Railways (1851)

  Signalling Study Group: Signalling Study Group, The Signal Box: A Pictorial History (1986)

  Simmons 1: Jack Simmons, The Railway in England and Wales, 1830–1914 (1978)

  Simmons 2: Jack Simmons, The Railway in Town and Country, 1830–1914 (1986)

  Simmons 3: Jack Simmons, ‘Railways, Hotels and Tourism in Great Britain, 1839–1914’, Journal of Contemporary History 19 (1984)

  Simmons 4: Jack Simmons, St Pancras Station, rev. Robert Thorne (2012)

  Simmons 5: Jack Simmons, The Victorian Railway (1991)

  Simmons and Biddle: Jack Simmons and Gordon Biddle (eds), Oxford Companion to British Railway History (1997)

  Sitwell: Osbert Sitwell, Left Hand Right Hand! (1947)

  Skempton: A. W. Skempton, ‘Embankments and Cuttings on the Early Railways’, Construction History 11 (1995), 33–49

  Smiles 1: Samuel Smiles, George Moore, Merchant and Philanthropist (1878)

  Smiles 2: Samuel Smiles, Lives of the Engineers: George and Robert Stephenson (1879)

  Smith, D. N.: David Norman Smith, The Railway and its Passengers (1988)

  Smith, G. R.: G. Royde Smith, The History of Bradshaw (1939)

  Smith, M.: Martin Smith, British Railway Bridges and Viaducts (1994)

  Smithers: Mark Smithers, Sir Arthur Heywood and the Fifteen Inch Gauge Railway (1995)

  Spedding: Ron Spedding, Shildon Wagon Works: A Working Man’s Life (1988)

  Spence: Jeoffry Spence, Victorian and Edwardian Railways from Old Photographs (1975)

  Spencer: Colin Spencer, British Food: An Extraordinary Thousand Years of History (2002)

  Spender: Stephen Spender (ed.), W. H. Auden: A Tribute by his Friends (1975)

  Spiers: R. G. Spiers, Spiers and Pond (2008)

  Stamp 1: Gavin Stamp, ‘Early Twentieth-Century Stations’, in Holder and Parissien, 23–46

  Stamp 2: Gavin Stamp, ‘What Did We Do for the Victorians?’, in Rosemary Hill, Colin Cunningham and Aileen Reed (eds), Victorians Revalued (2010), 7–26

  Stein: M. A. Stein, ‘Priestley v. Fowler (1837) and the Emerging Tort of Negligence’, Boston College Law Review 44.3.3 (2003)

  Storey: Graham Storey (ed.), The Letters of Charles Dickens, xi (1999)

  Stowe: Harriet Beecher Stowe, Sunny Memories of Foreign Lands (1854)

  Strangleman: Tim Strangleman, ‘Constructing the Past: Railway History from Below or a Study in Nostalgia’, JTH 23/2 (2002), 147–58

  Stretton: John Stretton, Thirty Years of Trainspotting (1990)

  Sturgis: Matthew Sturgis, Aubrey Beardsley (1998)

  Surtees 1: R. S. Surtees, Ask Mamma (1858)

  Surtees 2: R. S. Surtees, Handley Cross (1843)

  Surtees 3: R. S. Surtees, ‘Hints to Railway Travellers and Country Visitors to London’, 1851, in Town and Country Papers, ed. E. D. Cuming (1929)

  Surtees 4: R. S. Surtees, Plain or Ringlets (1860)

  Sutherland: John Sutherland, The Longman Companion to Victorian Fiction (2009)

  Taine: Hippolyte Taine, Taine’s Notes on England, tr. Edward Hyams (1959)

  Taylor, J. B.: Jenny Bourn Taylor, introduction to Lady Audley’s Secret, Penguin edn (1998)

  Taylor, M.: Maxwell Taylor, Going by Train (1962)

  Taylor, S.: Sheila Taylor (ed.), The Moving Metropolis (2001)

  Thomas, E.: Edward Thomas, The Annotated Collected Poems, ed. Edna Longley (2008)

  Thomas, J. 1: John Thomas, The North British Railway (1969–75)

  Thomas, J. 2: John Thomas, The West Highla
nd Railway (1970)

  Thomas, R. H. G. 1: R. H. G. Thomas, The Liverpool & Manchester Railway (1980)

  Thomas, R. H. G. 2: R. H. G. Thomas, London’s First Railway: The London & Greenwich (1986)

  Thompson 1: F. M. L. Thompson, Chartered Surveyors: The Growth of a Profession (1968)

  Thompson 2: F. M. L. Thompson, English Landed Society in the Nineteenth Century (1963)

  Thompson 3: F. M. L. Thompson, ‘Nineteenth-century Horse Sense’, Economic History Review series 2, 29 (1976), 60–81

  Thornewell: W. T. Thornewell, ‘Tunnels – The Inside Story’, Railway World Annual, 1976, 112–17

  Thorpe: D. R. Thorpe, Supermac: The Life of Harold Macmillan (2011)

  Timbs: John Timbs, Wellingtoniana; Anecdotes, Maxims, and Characteristics of the Duke of Wellington (1852)

  Tomalin: Claire Tomalin, The Invisible Woman: The Story of Nelly Ternan and Charles Dickens (1990)

  Tomlinson: W. W. Tomlinson, The North Eastern Railway (1915)

  Trollope: Anthony Trollope, North America (1862)

  Tuplin: W. A. Tuplin, British Steam Since 1900 (1971)

  Turner: John Howard Turner, The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, ii (1978)

  Turnock: David Turnock, Railways in the British Isles: Landscape, Land Use and Society (1990)

  Tyrrell: S. J. Tyrrell, A Countryman’s Tale (1973)

  Unwin: Philip Unwin, Travelling by Train in the Edwardian Age (1979)

  Vallance: H. A. Vallance, The Highland Railway, rev. C. R. Clinker (1971)

  Vamplew: Wray Vamplew, The Turf: A Social and Economic History of Horse Racing (1976)

  Vaughan 1: Adrian Vaughan, Grub, Water and Relief: Tales of the Great Western, 1835–1892 (1985)

  Vaughan 2: Adrian Vaughan, Isambard Kingdom Brunel: Engineering Knight Errant (1991)

  Vaughan 3: Adrian Vaughan, A Pictorial Record of Great Western Architecture (1977)

  Vaughan 4: Adrian Vaughan, Signalman’s Morning with Signalman’s Twilight (1984)

  VCH: Victoria County Histories

  Votolato: Gregory Votolato, Transport Design: A Travel History (2007)

  Walker: Charles Walker, Thomas Brassey: Railway Builder (1969)

  Wallace: Alfred Russel Wallace, My Life (1908)

  ‘Walter’: ‘Walter’, My Secret Life (1888)

  Walton: John K. Walton, ‘Power, Speed and Glamour: The Naming of Express Steam Locomotives in Inter-war Britain’, JTH 26/2 (2005), 1–19

  Ward: Colin Ward (ed.), Vandalism (1973)

  Waugh: Arthur Waugh, One Man’s Road (1931)

  Way: R. Barnard Way, Mixed Traffic (1937)

  Weighell: Sidney Weighell, A Hundred Years of Railway Weighells (1984)

  Wellington: Gerald, Duke of Wellington, Wellington and his Friends (1965)

  Wells: H. G. Wells, Anticipations (1901)

  Western: R. G. Western, The Lowgill Branch (1971)

  Whitehouse and St John Thomas: Patrick Whitehouse and David St John Thomas, The Great Western Railway (1984)

  Whittaker: Nicholas Whittaker, Platform Souls: The Trainspotter as Twentieth-Century Hero (1995)

  Whittle: G. Whittle, The Railways of Consett and North-East Durham (1971)

  Wikeley and Middleton: Nigel Wikeley and John Middleton, Railway Stations: Southern Region (1971)

  Willans: Geoffrey Willans, Molesworth, Penguin edn (1999)

  Willes: Margaret Willes, Reading Matters: Five Centuries of Discovering Books (2008)

  Williams 1: F. S. Williams, The Midland Railway: Its Rise and Progress (1876)

  Williams 2: F. S. Williams, Our Iron Roads (1883)

  Williamson: J. W. Williamson, A British Railway behind the Scenes (1933)

  Wilson, A. N. 1: A. N. Wilson, Betjeman (2006)

  Wilson, A. N. 2: A. N. Wilson, The Victorians (2002)

  Wilson, C.: Charles Wilson, First With The News: The History of W. H. Smith (1985)

  Wolmar 1: Christian Wolmar, Blood, Iron and Gold: How Railways Transformed the World (2009)

  Wolmar 2: Christian Wolmar, Fire and Steam: A New History of the Railways in Britain (2007)

  Wolmar 3: Christian Wolmar, The Subterranean Railway (2004)

  Wooler: Neil Wooler, Dinner in the Diner: The History of Railway Catering (1987)

  Worsley: Giles Worsley, The British Stable (2004)

  Wright: A. Wright, The North Sunderland Railway (1988)

  NOTES

  Introduction

  p. 4 ‘crossing the Border’: W. H. Auden, ‘Night Mail’ (1936).

  Chapter 1: The Time of the Railways

  p. 9 More miles of canals: Faith, 16.

  p. 9 Railway Times: Nock, 2.

  p. 11 In certain towns: Robbins 3, 211.

  p. 12 Matthew Arnold: Murray, 123.

  p. 12 Wordsworth composed: Morley, i, 269n.

  p. 13 Dr Arnold: Simmons 5, 364.

  p. 13 ‘come down today’; ‘by the new rail’: Lang, ii, 89; 217.

  p. 15 ‘perfectly legitimate words’: ‘Deprivations of English’, ATYR, 17 Jan. 1863.

  p. 15 Bradshaw: Smith, G. R.; RM, Oct. 2001, 38–9.

  p. 16 ‘B is the Bradshaw’: MPRB, 38.

  p. 16 ‘Do not buy a Bradshaw’: Surtees 3, 234.

  p. 16 Guida di Bragia: Cohen, M. N., 11.

  p. 17 ‘Thirty years ago’: The Times, 12 Jan. 1850.

  p. 17 Coggeshall: Paar and Grey, 42.

  p. 17 A story from Devon: Betjeman 2, 37.

  p. 17 Richard Altick: Altick, 192.

  p. 18 the railway kept to standard time: Howse, 92–110.

  p. 20 Royal Observatory at Greenwich: Rooney and Pye.

  p. 21 ‘like a little Bradshaw’: ‘An Unsettled Neighbourhood’, HW, 11 Nov. 1854.

  p. 21 Sunday fish trains: Thomas, J. 2, 107.

  p. 21 Thackeray: Cornhill Magazine, Oct. 1860, 504.

  p. 22 Leicester & Swannington Railway, Edmondson: Bray, 16, 21–3.

  p. 23 Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne & Manchester: Dow, i, 34.

  p. 24 F. S. Williams: Bray, 24.

  p. 24 stock of the London, Midland & Scottish: Williamson, 113.

  p. 24 450,000 tickets every day: Robertson, 104.

  p. 24 tearing of return tickets in half: RW, Dec. 1969, 517–19.

  Chapter 2: Seating, Lighting, Heating, Eating

  p. 27–8 black-and-yellow livery; these half-lunette windows; just 4ft 6in: Ellis, C. H. 1, 22–3; 14; 17.

  p. 29 ‘padding it, and petting it’: Head, 107.

  p. 29 Rachel Whinyates: Hart, 234.

  p. 29 Richard Mansell: Ellis, C. H. 5, 48.

  p. 30 cromet references: RMM, 16; Betjeman 2, 126; Ellis, C. H. 5, 155; Taunton Courier, 25 June 1845.

  p. 31 Frith: Bills and Knight, 19.

  p. 31 So Brunel had reasoned: Vaughan 2, 54.

  p. 32 taut cords across the ceiling: Ellis, C. H. 5, 75.

  p. 33 ‘to see them attempt’: Surtees 4, ch. 20.

  p. 33 pot-lamps: Ellis, C. H. 5, 201–6.

  p. 34 ‘sudden darkness’: Head, 41.

  p. 34 Robertson Scott: Scott, J. W. R., 99–100.

  p. 34 confined in a nocturnal express: Thomas, J. 1, ii, 65.

  p. 34 North Sunderland Railway: Wright, 26.

  p. 35 ‘railway reading lamp’: MP, 9 Oct. 1857.

  p. 35 Army & Navy Stores Catalogue: Army & Navy Stores Catalogue, 1907 edn, 260.

  p. 35 non-corroding steatite burner: O’Dea, 55.

  p. 35 first gaslit services: Robbins 2, 24.

  p. 35 Metropolitan Railway: Ellis, C. H. 5, 77; Lang, iii, 323.

  p. 36 Julius Pintsch: Ellis, C. H. 5, 202; Peacock, 41.

  p. 36 Queen Victoria: Ellis, C. H. 6, 68.

  p. 36 Carl Auer von Welsbach: Norman, 54–7; Ellis, C. H. 5, 205.

  p. 37 carriages in 1935: Peacock, 41.

  p. 37 erratic gas pressure: RW, June 1969, 272.

  p. 38 H. C. Casserley: Casserley 2, 105.

  p. 38 Acetylene gas: Comfort, 115.

  p. 38 �
��stacked in vast piles’: Williams 2, 365, 369.

  p. 38 Hawes Junction: Rolt 4, 210–14.

  p. 39 £130 per coach: Marshall, iii, 114.

  p. 39 gasworks at Inverness: Ross, 181.

  p. 39 carriages be returned to gas: Thomas, J. 1, ii, 212.

  p. 39–40 Other experiments were tried; ‘coloured photochrome transparencies’: Ellis, C. H. 5, 203–4; 168.

  p. 40 ‘three stone Schiedam bottles’: Macfarlane, 282.

  p. 41 made its British début: Liverpool Mercury, 13 Jan. 1852.

  p. 41 sodium acetate: Graphic, 3 Dec. 1881.

  p. 41 look forward to these stops: Ross, 180; Thomas, J. 1, i, 105.

  p. 42 MP Samuel Plimsoll: Nottinghamshire Guardian, 18 Feb. 1870.

  p. 42 progress was halting: Marshall, iii, 103; Dow, ii, 264.

  p. 42 ‘filled with cold water and snow’: Kilvert, iii, 128.

  p. 42 Punch: Punch, 19 Mar. 1892; MPRB, 109.

  p. 43 Pullman cars: Ellis, C. H. 5, 92.

  p. 43 continued until 31 May: Whitehouse and St John Thomas, 127.

  p. 44 new-built carriages: Gourvish 2, 251.

  p. 44 diesel-hauled, electrically heated services: RW, Dec. 1969, 518.

  p. 45 ‘shepherd’s plaid or maud’: Surtees 3, 235.

  p. 45 huge headquarters building: Wilson, C., 156.

  p. 45 Handy Book: RTHB, 61.

  p. 46 ‘instead of when the railway directors’: Surtees 3, 234.

  p. 47 ‘new combination’ article: Great Exhibition Catalogue (1851), 3.16.

  p. 47 Andrew Peterson: Hoare, 351–2.

  p. 47 trays of refreshments: Thomas, R. H. G. 1, 194–5.

  p. 47 Spiers and Pond: Spiers, 25, 31–5, 94–7.

  p. 48 Farringdon Street station: Wolmar 3, 58.

  p. 48 luncheon baskets: Wooler, 99–105.

  p. 50 ‘Travelling conveniences’: Unwin, 51; Army & Navy Stores Catalogue (1907), 549.

  p. 50 ‘an innocent-looking circular basket’: Gloag, 159.

  p. 51 Inverness & Aberdeen Junction Railway: Vallance, 160.

  p. 51 David Dent: Annual Register (1838), 7 July.

  p. 52 a special ticket stop: Quick, 173–4.

  Chapter 3: The Classes in Motion

  p. 54 ‘whether for the purposes of scientific research’: Donaghy, 63.

  p. 54 Experiment: Wolmar 2, 16–17.

  p. 55 Even the prospectus: English Historical Documents, 1783–1832 (1959), 639.

  p. 55 George Francis Train: Ellis and Morse, 20.

  p. 56 ‘infinitely extendible’: Robinson, ii, 184.