The Railways

  p. 158 textbook instance of trauma: Matus.

  p. 159 Alexander Bain: Garratt, P., 199.

  p. 159 explanation of any disorders: Schivelbusch, 138–9.

  p. 159 two cases of 1862: The Times, 27 Mar. 1862.

  p. 160 Embarrassed by these public disagreements: Harrington 1, 34–40.

  p. 160 J. E. Erichsen; Herbert Page: Schivelbusch, 140–41; 141–3.

  p. 161 30,000 individual shocks: Dolby, 353.

  p. 162 miscarried on the train: Ackroyd, 539.

  p. 162 Mrs Leech went into labour: Frith, i, 235–6.

  p. 162 ‘the excitement, anxiety, and nervous shock’: Schivelbusch, 203.

  p. 162 Alfred Haviland: Haviland, 22, 9, 50–52.

  p. 163 ‘impossible to consider them’: Schivelbusch, 202.

  p. 163 Sir Henry Holland: Holland, H., 268.

  p. 163 ‘bicycle face’: Pearson, 66.

  p. 163 ‘TV Neck’: Moran 2, 177.

  Chapter 6: Crimes and Misdemeanours

  p. 164 larger and more modern gaols; Prison Act of 1877: Brodie et al., 120–44; 145–7.

  p. 164 special prison vans: Lardner, 113.

  p. 165 ‘ragamuffin in handcuffs’: Punch, 7 Dec. 1844.

  p. 165 ‘low-browed, bull-necked man’: Sala, 63.

  p. 165 half-hour at Clapham Junction: Ellman, 495–6.

  p. 166 Thomas Hardy: Hardy, ‘At the Railway Station, Upways’, 11. 12–14.

  p. 166 penal servitude in 1914: Harris, J., 209.

  p. 166 cells for miscreant sailors: Vallance, 109–10.

  p. 166 abolished in 1921: Brodie et al., 173.

  p. 166 Samuel Robinson: PIP, 1 Mar. 1862, Dundee Courier and Argus, 20 Feb. and 19 Apr. 1862, Dundee Advertiser, 24 Feb. 1862, DN, 19 Feb. 1862, Caledonian Mercury, 20 Feb. 1862, BDP, 21 Feb. 1862, Standard, 22 Feb. 1862, Leeds Mercury, 19 Feb. 1862.

  p. 167 An exasperated letter: The Times 1 and 2 Nov. 1854.

  p. 168 ‘Not Swindled’ and ‘A Lucky Fellow’: The Times, 23 Jan. 1865, 2 Nov. 1854.

  p. 169 four Ascot race-goers: The Times, 8 June 1864.

  p. 169 one Scottish rogue: The Times, 5 Dec. 1865.

  p. 169 Hippolyte Taine: Taine, 289.

  p. 170 John Hamilton: PIP, 11 Jan. 1862.

  p. 170 Hamilton turned up again: The Times, 16 Apr. 1868.

  p. 170 a Swiss gentleman at Bletchley: The Times, 14 May 1867.

  p. 171 ‘disposed for defence’: RTHB, 74–5.

  p. 171 one hard case: Preston Guardian, 18 Jan. 1851.

  p. 171 Henry Holloway: PIP, 4 Jan. 1862.

  p. 171–3 Thomas Briggs; hanged outside Newgate gaol; Mr Gold: Sellwood and Sellwood, 11–52; 57–66; 73–116.

  p. 174 unnamed source: Pendleton, ii, 13.

  p. 174 paranoid Irish schoolmaster; drunken lunatic: Adams, 32–4; 38–9.

  p. 175 Mary Anne Moody: The Times, 12 and 16 June 1864.

  p. 176 ‘evidence of the new impunity’: PIP, 23 July 1864.

  p. 176 Mrs Hicks: Norfolk Chronicle, 26 Apr. 1851.

  p. 176 ‘the want of light’: Pictorial Times, 13 Sept. 1845.

  p. 176 Robert Williams: The Times, 22 Jan. 1866.

  p. 177 Colonel Valentine Baker: The Times, 19 June 1875; Baker, 77–82.

  p. 177 Croydon Assizes: Bradford Observer, 3 Aug. 1875; BDP, 5 Aug. 1875.

  p. 178 ‘first-class misdemeanant’: Derby Mercury, 11 Aug. 1875; Nottinghamshire Guardian, 15 Oct. 1875.

  p. 178 Baker’s subsequent history: Baker, 99–174.

  p. 178 an alarm fitted in the carriage: DN, 25 June 1875.

  p. 179 twenty-seven accidents: Lardner, 333–5.

  p. 178 Rev. Sydney Smith: Vaughan 1, 66–70.

  p. 178 the Board’s circular: Yorkshire Gazette, 2 June 1842.

  p. 179 a two-year-old child: London Standard, 11 Sept. 1844.

  p. 180 Isabella Lawrence: The Times, 20 and 25 Oct. 1854; DN, 21 Oct. 1854.

  p. 180 an arrival at Euston: Head, 45, 48.

  p. 180 having to call for release: Olmsted, 86.

  p. 181 Opened doors on moving trains: Ellis, C. H. 5, 76.

  p. 181 doors with sprung catches: Paar and Grey, 157.

  p. 181 automatic locking: RM, June 2012, 60.

  p. 182 ladies-only compartments: Simmons 5, 334.

  p. 182 the limit of manhood: Comfort, 36; Maggs 2, 47.

  p. 182 The last few lingered until 1977: The Times, 11 Mar. 1977; Mike Horne, machorne.blogspot.com/2013/06/ladies-only.html.

  p. 183 epicentre of vice: Jackson, A. 2, 177.

  p. 184 Wilkie Collins: Simmons 1, 230n.

  p. 184 a warning letter: Paar and Grey, 66.

  p. 184 Old Bailey case of 1866: Proceedings of the Central Criminal Court, 9 July 1866, 249–56.

  p. 185 The Rev. George Capel: DN, 18 Apr. 1867; Reynolds’s Newspaper, 21 Apr. 1867; The Times, 23, 25 and 27 Apr. 1867; PMG, 24 Apr. 1867.

  p. 186 the Tremlett case: Nottinghamshire Guardian, 8 Oct. 1875.

  p. 187 ‘The Charming Young Widow’: O’Gorman, 40; Richter, 23.

  p. 187 Abraham Solomon: Kennedy and Treuherz, 84–8.

  p. 188 ‘Found in the carriage’: Brown. F. M., 95.

  p. 188 summit of Victorian literary smut: ‘Walter’, viii, ch. 4; ix, ch. 13; vii, ch. 2.

  p. 189 A Kiss in the Tunnel: Keiller, 79–80.

  p. 190 Edward Carpenter: Rowbotham, 179–80.

  Chapter 7: The Improved British Railway Train

  p. 193 a single passenger fatality: Simmons 1, 232.

  p. 193–4 continuous footboards; systems of passing signals; nothing much was done: Bagwell 1, 192; 193; 194.

  p. 194 glazed circular openings: Observer, 24 July 1864.

  p. 195 in use or under trial: Ellis, C. H. 5, 20, 199–200.

  p. 195 duly sanctioned an installation: Bagwell 1, 195.

  p. 195 the Baker case: DN, 26 June 1875.

  p. 195 groping through a hole: Ellis, C. H. 5, 200.

  p. 196 usage of these early alarms: Williams 2, 450.

  p. 196 Ulster, on 12 June 1889: Rolt 4, 187–93.

  p. 197 older method of braking: Ellis, C. H. 5, 193–5.

  p. 198 George Westinghouse: Bagwell 1, 216–17.

  p. 198 brake Olympics: Ellis, C. H. 5, 196–7.

  p. 198 three sets of brakes: Gordon, i, 174.

  p. 198 derailment of 1887 at Aviemore: Bagwell 1, 218.

  p. 199 132 MPs: Alderman, 232.

  p. 199 suburban lines into Liverpool Street: Allen 1, 184–7.

  p. 200 ‘Jazz service’: Connor, viii.

  p. 200 these overcrowded services: Hewison, 80–82.

  p. 200 incident on the Enfield line: Brown, F. A. S., 111.

  p. 201 ‘a positive disgrace’: Hansard 432, 22 Jan. 1947, col. 301.

  p. 201 question of standardised braking: Gourvish 2, 157.

  p. 201–2 story of the carriage lavatory; tri-composite carriage of 1887: Ellis, C. H. 5, 215–16; 125.

  p. 202 first/third composite of 1880: Dow, ii, 400.

  p. 203 von Waldegg: Schivelbusch, 91.

  p. 203 first-class carriage of 1881: Ellis, C. H. 5, 119–20.

  p. 203 composite design of 1911: Dow, iii, 409.

  p. 203 glass-fronted compartment of the coupé type: RMM, 45.

  p. 204 pattern for its lavatory glass: Dickinson, W. E., 20.

  p. 204 contraptions provided within: Ellis, C. H. 5, 211–17.

  p. 206 gave up designating cubicles: Harris, M. 2, 48.

  p. 206 underfloor retention tank: Haresnape 1, 178.

  p. 206 safeguard against the anti-social flusher: RM, Oct. 2012, 81.

  p. 207 fully pivoting four-wheeled bogies; George Mortimer Pullman: Ellis, C. H. 5, 68; 89–104.

  p. 208 Babes in the Wood: The Times, 28 Dec. 1874.

  p. 208 Affronted letters: The Times, 27 Jan. and 1 Feb. 1875.

  p. 208 ‘Southern Belle’: Allen 3, 73–5.

  p. 209 mourned in style: The Times, 21 Feb. 1972.

&nb
sp; p. 209 provision of meals: Wooler, 32–7.

  p. 210 flexible enclosed gangway: Ellis, C. H. 5, 100–1, 106–10.

  p. 210 trio of permanently coupled carriages: Allen 1, 70.

  p. 211 new corridor train: Ellis, C. H. 5, 154.

  p. 211 a sort of cross-passage: Harris, M. 2, 53–6.

  p. 212 the Mark 1: Haresnape 1, 69, 74.

  p. 213 for its trains to South Wales: Ellis, C. H. 5, 155.

  p. 213 left in a huff: Harris, M. 2, 52.

  p. 214 ‘tourist’ stock: Brown, F. A. S., 159.

  p. 214 ‘substantially more popular’: Harris, M. 2, 56.

  p. 215 coat hanger; burnt the native turf: Day-Lewis, 85; 273–7.

  p. 215 double-decked electric suburban units: Moody, 142, 145.

  p. 216 Bulleid’s Tavern Cars: Haresnape 2, 162; Hebron, 91–2.

  p. 216 A real pub: Haresnape 1, 162.

  p. 217 members queued up: Hansard 466, 27 June 1949, cc. 935–46.

  p. 217n the future Prime Minister also helped Bulleid: Weighell, 9.

  p. 218 up to four sittings; meals were often sumptuous: Hebron, 51; 54–6.

  p. 218 1,510 pieces: Mander, 46.

  p. 218 spaces of conspicuous display: Ellis, C. H. 4, 100; Dow, ii, 272–4; Graphic, 18 Mar. 1899.

  p. 219 The Great Central tested the water: Hebron, 57–8.

  p. 220 between Cambridge and King’s Cross: Brown, F. A. S., 159.

  p. 220 frills, folds and mouldings: Votolato, 43–4.

  p. 221 ‘Vita glass’: Bryan, 51.

  p. 221 ‘Blue Pullman’ trains: Haresnape 1, 106–9.

  p. 221 abandonment of croutons: RW, Jan. 1969, 337.

  p. 221 three-fifths of first-class passengers: RW 338.

  p. 221–2 make-up of the High Speed Trains; ‘Cuisine 2000’: Hebron, 107; 109–11.

  p. 224 electric trains introduced on Tyneside: Hoole, 17.

  p. 224 ‘completely disembowelled’: PMG, 22 Nov. 1870.

  p. 224 writing and scratching: Turner, 21; Williams 2, 376.

  p. 224 pencilling the whole interior: Ayrton, 128–9.

  p. 224 leather straps: Comfort, 118.

  p. 224 third-class windows with curtains: Smith, D. N., 17.

  p. 225 ‘Much uneaten or half-eaten food’: Dickinson, W. E., 205.

  p. 225 15,000 MISSING LIGHT BULBS: Manchester Guardian, 11 Dec. 1957.

  p. 225 Cumulative costs: The Times, 30 May 1960.

  p. 225 known or suspected train-wreckers: Guardian, 25 May 1961.

  p. 225 football specials in the Glasgow area: Sunday Times, 3 Sept. 1961.

  p. 226 ‘Mersey Maniacs’: The Times, 7 and 28 Jan. 1964; Guardian, 13 Jan. 1964.

  p. 226 Matt Busby and his squad: Guardian, 6 Jan. 1964.

  p. 226 National Federation of Football Supporters’ Clubs: Ward, 236.

  p. 226 Tottenham Hotspur: The Times, 22 Sept. 1969.

  p. 226 League Liner: The Times, 24 Jan. 1973; RM, June 2014, 26–7.

  p. 227 Levels of destruction: The Times, 1 Sept. 1975; Ward, 48, 220–21.

  p. 228 ‘standing allowance’: Network Rail, ‘Passenger Capacity Summary’, period 2014–19 (ref. SBPT231), 1.

  p. 228 last haunt of the compartment: RM, July 2010, 8.

  p. 229 Inter-City 125s: Haresnape 1, 158–60.

  p. 229 Sir Kenneth Grange: Building Design, 12 Aug. 2011.

  p. 229 In a BBC4 documentary: The Inter-City 125, BBC4, 13 Sept. 2012.

  p. 230 ‘probably the best known trains’: Design, Mar. 1963, 59.

  p. 230 Design Panel: Haresnape 1, 92.

  p. 231 Jack Howe: Obituary, Independent, 16 Dec. 2003.

  p. 231 Receipts rose markedly: Wolmar 2, 293–4.

  p. 231 Silver Jubilee year: MR, Aug. 1977, 306.

  p. 232 Sir Hugh Casson: Haresnape 1, 94, 107, 160; Manser, 288.

  p. 232 The Pacers originated: Dickinson, P. 2, 10.

  p. 232 an extra 80,000 journeys: RHR, viii (1984 edn), 23.

  p. 233 Leyland National bus: Dickinson, P. 2, 11–13.

  p. 234 ‘four-wheel bicycles’: Railway Observer 79/967 (Sept. 2009), 524.

  p. 234 surplus of revenue: Gourvish 2, 209.

  p. 234–5 production series; mission to the wider world; Class 142: Dickinson, P. 2, 10, 17, 26–8; 21–4; 26–8.

  p. 235 cloakroom clerk: Aitken, 12.

  p. 235 ‘British Day’: www.margaretthatcher.org/document/1064521.

  p. 236 a regrettable economy: Cooper, 161.

  p. 238 Advanced Passenger Trains: ibid., 127–30; Gourvish 1, 218–23.

  p. 239 Flying Scotsman: RM, Nov. 2011, 33; Harris, M. 2, 54.

  p. 240 Molesworth: Willans, 369.

  p. 240 three observation saloons: Ellis, C. H. 5, 247.

  Chapter 8: And so to Bed

  p. 241 ‘bed-carriages’; French type known as a lits-salon; George Mortimer Pullman: Ellis, C. H. 5, 22–4; 82–4; 90–96.

  p. 244 destruction by fire of the Midland’s sleeper: RM, Feb. 1964, 251–5; also The Times, 30 Oct. and 1 and 2 Nov. 1882; Aberdeen Weekly Journal, 1 Nov. 1882; Freeman’s Journal, 8 Nov. 1882; MP, 9 Nov. 1882.

  p. 245 The new type: Ellis, C. H. 5, 139–43.

  p. 245 Plymouth boat trains: Spence, pl. 96.

  p. 245 pros and cons of extending sleeper services: Harris, M. 2, 51.

  p. 245 historians have questioned: Simmons 5, 83–4.

  p. 246 extension of the service to third class: Smith, D. N., 69.

  p. 246 shower booths: Harris, M. 1, 160.

  p. 246 some compartments on the Great Western: Back Track, Feb. 2015, 109.

  p. 246 second-class sleeping car: Haresnape 1, 91.

  p. 246 ‘many individual privacies’: The Times, 5 June 1956.

  p. 248 ‘Motorail’: Atkinson, 123–4.

  p. 248 endearing little peg: Haresnape 1, 151.

  p. 248 accident to a West Country sleeper: Department of Transport, Report on the Fire that occurred in a Sleeping-Car Train on 6th July 1978 at Taunton.

  p. 248 the new sleeping cars: Haresnape 1, 178.

  p. 250 the sum of £17,000: Independent, 21 Nov. 2011.

  p. 250 pledged £50 million each: RM, Aug. 2012, 9.

  p. 250 victor in the franchise contest: RM, Oct. 2013, 75; June 2014, 6.

  p. 250 ‘will creatively reflect’: www.transportscotland.gov.uk/news/exciting-new-sleeper-contract-unveiled, 28 May 2014.

  p. 250 Nightstar sleeper trains: Gourvish 1, 327–8.

  p. 251 John Prescott: Hansard 313, 3 June 1998, col. 367.

  p. 251 faces were saved: RM, Oct. 2001, 42–3.

  p. 252 Recalling Scottish excursions: Beerbohm 3, 130.

  p. 253 ‘huge steam nightbird’: CLC, xi, 182–3.

  p. 253 illegal on 20 July 2012: RM, Aug. 2012, 9.

  Chapter 9: The Permanent Way

  p. 257 welded rails: Fairman, 31.

  p. 257 British Railways followed suit: Gourvish 2, 277, 512.

  p. 258 fully half an inch: Chapman, 124.

  p. 258 fish-bellied rails: Ellis and Morse, 19.

  p. 258 rails rolled from steel: Simmons 1, 148–9.

  p. 258 Lengths have also increased: Essery, 9.

  p. 259 ‘bullhead’ form: Ransom, 219–20.

  p. 260 sunken stone blocks: Simmons 1, 146–7.

  p. 260 granite sleepers in concrete: Thomas, R. H. G. 2, 40.

  p. 260 Joseph Locke: Ransom, 219.

  p. 260 depot at Shepherds Bush: Atkinson, 119.

  p. 261 baulk road: MacDermot, i, 47–9, 72–80.

  p. 261 doubling the number of joints: Bryan, 45.

  p. 261 bridge rail: Simmons 1, 146.

  p. 261 Barlow rail: Ransom, 224.

  p. 261 Eastern Counties Railway; London & Blackwall: Allen 1, 12; 9.

  p. 262 Irish gauges: Gordon, i, 57–8.

  p. 262 Royal Commission: Rolt 2, 199–203.

  p. 262 Henry Cole: Cole 2, 3–4.

  p. 263 Act of 1846: Simmons 5, 81.

  p.
263 Brunel was a marvel: Vaughan 2, 229, 201; Rolt 2, 182, 207–8.

  p. 264 in the form of a tennis match: Vic Stephens, in Isambard Kingdom Brunel: Recent Works (Art Catalogue), ed. A. Hudson and E. Kentley (2000), 53–5.

  p. 264 ‘the bravest lost cause’: Rolt 2, 410, 164.

  p. 264 ‘Every word has to be translated’: Vaughan 2, 87.

  p. 265 sailings to the New World: Buchanan, 57–9.

  p. 265 arrangements at Gloucester: Cole 1, i, 77–82; ii, 150–57.

  p. 266 ordeal of a single train-load: ILN, 6 June 1846.

  p. 266 spatial advantage: Chapman, 237.

  p. 267 the best permanent way: Simmons 1, 151.

  p. 268 South Devon Railway: Vaughan 2, 170–81.

  p. 268 A workable form: Atmore.

  p. 269 London & Croydon Railway: Ellis, C. H. 2, 27–30.

  p. 269 journal for Boxing Day 1835: Vaughan 2, 56–7.

  p. 270 coastal sections of the line: Roden, 58.

  p. 271 ‘the perfect operation of the whole’: Jeaffreson and Pole, i, 327.

  p. 272 placed symmetrically: MacDermot, i, 327.

  p. 272 came to a turntable: Rolt 2 (1957 edn), 209.

  p. 272 struggled to pay a dividend; the buffer-stops of Paddington: Brindle, 52–3.

  p. 272 first journey from Windsor to Scotland: Roden, 91.

  p. 272 spin-off of the Great Western: Jackson, A. 1, 27–35.

  p. 273 branch to St Ives: Chapman, 37.

  p. 273 forty-eight daily departures: Brindle, 59.

  p. 273 The final transformation: MacDermot, ii, 376–81.

  p. 274 23lb less per yard: Simmons 1, 146.

  p. 274 London, Midland & Scottish Railway: Williamson, 84–5, 206.

  p. 274 Economy in the use of timber: Dow, ii, 45; Essery, 9.

  p. 274 standard section: Williamson, 86.

  p. 275 a process called kyanizing: Vaughan 2, 214.

  p. 275 use of creosote: Fairman, 20–21; Essery, 119.

  p. 275 Pickling was the next step: Williamson, 87; Fairman, 21.

  p. 275 some 9,000 miles of track: Chapman, 11.

  p. 275 paired concrete sleeper blocks: Semmens, iii, 29.

  p. 276 Dow-Mac factory: Bewley, 89.

  p. 276 In 1964 the type became standard; Pandrol clip: Fairman, 17; 18.

  p. 277 Great Northern Railway chair: RM, May 2012, 47–9.

  p. 277 recycled plastic: Daily Telegraph, 4 May 2009.

  p. 277 Kentish rag: RW, Sept. 1969, 395.

  p. 277 broken-up slag: Williamson, 90–92.

  p. 277 Sub-standard ballasting: RW, Oct. 1969, 440.

  p. 278 Stiffer recycling targets: RailwayPeople.com, rail news, 6 July 2011.